EP1052305A2 - Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness - Google Patents

Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1052305A2
EP1052305A2 EP00890146A EP00890146A EP1052305A2 EP 1052305 A2 EP1052305 A2 EP 1052305A2 EP 00890146 A EP00890146 A EP 00890146A EP 00890146 A EP00890146 A EP 00890146A EP 1052305 A2 EP1052305 A2 EP 1052305A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
aluminum
content
alloy
carbon
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EP00890146A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1052305A3 (en
EP1052305B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Liebfahrt
Gerhard Lichtenegger
Herbert Schweiger
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Voestalpine Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
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Boehler Edelstahl GmbH and Co KG
Boehler Edelstahl GmbH
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Priority to SI200030850T priority Critical patent/SI1052305T1/en
Priority to AT00890146T priority patent/ATE318941T1/en
Publication of EP1052305A2 publication Critical patent/EP1052305A2/en
Publication of EP1052305A3 publication Critical patent/EP1052305A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for alloy control the solidification kinetics and the matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts and preferably on the process manufactured material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high Toughness containing carbon, at least one element of group 5 of Periodic table and aluminum as well as optionally silicon, chrome, molybdenum, Tungsten, the rest of at least one of the elements manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt and manufacturing-related impurities.
  • Alloys that have the elements listed above are on the stand of technology to count.
  • Tool steels known which include the elements carbon, vanadium, Include niobium and aluminum.
  • DE 31 44 475 A1 discloses a high-speed steel and tool steel in addition to further elements 0.3 to 3.0% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of silicon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt .-% aluminum has 0.5 to 6.0 wt .-% vanadium.
  • the steel, at which the vanadium is partially or completely replaced by zirconium, niobium, hafnium, Titanium, tantalum or a mixture thereof can preferably be replaced a sum of the silicon and aluminum contents of approximately 2% by weight.
  • the Elements silicon and aluminum in combination are said to be about the same Replace cobalt material quality completely or partially and the content of Reduce tungsten, vandin and molybdenum.
  • a cold work steel with high compressive strength is known from EP-0425471 B1 become, which among other things with in wt .-% 0.6 to 1.5 C, 0.2 to 1.6 Si, 0.3 to 1.5 V, 0.2 to 1.6 AI and up to 0.5 Nb is alloyed. Silicon and aluminum are supposed to Improve the tempering behavior and a grain growth in the nitride formation Hinder hardening or austenitizing and thereby the compressive strength Increase hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the material.
  • a high wear resistance is, for example, in terms of alloy technology achievable by increasing the carbide content, but deteriorates the toughness of the material.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this and aims to create a method specify with which the solidification kinetics of carbide-forming metallic Melting is controlled by alloying in such a way that the structure is morphologically advantageous with improved matrix properties. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to use generic metallic materials high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. Specifically, this means creating high pressure resistant, in particular Cold work materials at the same time with significantly improved resistance against abrasive wear, with increased plastic bending work and Flexural strength and with a significantly increased 0.2% compression limit of the Materials.
  • the aim is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the liquid metal is dependent on the carbon content in the range from 0.6 to 1.7% by weight of C and on the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table up to 4 .6% by weight with aluminum in a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight of AI is alloyed with the proviso that the aluminum content is equal to the carbon content, multiplied by the niobium equivalent AN, multiplied by the effective range factor F: %
  • AI % by weight C x AN x F
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention are essentially therein see that by means of the aluminum content optimized Solidification kinetics can be influenced in such a way that a primary Carbide excretion and carbide grain growth during further cooling is largely suppressed that the carbides are essentially eutectic form finely globular in the melt. Furthermore, by the respective Aluminum concentration the composition of the matrix, especially its Carbon content, controlled and thus ultimately the matrix hardness and toughness be determined. It was found for the first time that it was necessary to achieve a particularly advantageous high property profile of materials is important Aluminum content within limits depending on the carbon concentration and of the niobium equivalent.
  • Effective range factor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.
  • a special high point of the properties of the material as a whole is achieved when the effective range factor F is between 0.9 and 1.2 having.
  • the composition according to the invention in particular their toughness and Strength characteristics are significantly increased.
  • Cutting tools with improved service life and the like break resistance are preferably manufactured if the base of the alloy is high-speed steel trained and alloyed with aluminum in the inventive fields.
  • the mechanical properties and resistance to an abrasive Wear can be increased if the alloy is more than 0.5% by weight Has niobium.
  • Vanadium in contents of over 2.7% by weight causes a particularly high level Wear resistance of the thermally tempered material.
  • a small one is of particular importance for a morphologically favorable structure Concentration of the alloy on elements of group 4 of the periodic table and optionally nitrogen, because compounds of these elements are effective Can form nuclei for primary carbide excretion. It is therefore an advantage if the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is below 0.24 % By weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, and / or the nitrogen content is less than 0.01% by weight.
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test alloy.
  • Table 2 shows the respective test results and an evaluation number removable for the property profile of the alloy.
  • the rating number in Table 2 which shows the properties of the material in the Identifies the entirety, was formed in such a way that the key figures for the plastic bending fracture work, for the bending strength and the 0.2% Compression limit by 1000, that for abrasive wear by 10 divided and the key figure values thus formed were multiplied together.
  • Alloys 1, 2, 3 and 7, 8, 9, 10 are alloys according to the invention and consistently have superior individual properties.
  • the plastic one Bending fracture work of these materials is advantageously above 2900Nmm, only has the extremely wear-resistant high-speed steel alloy 7 in this regard a slightly lower value.
  • the materials used for comparison with the alloys composed according to the invention which may have similar element concentrations, can often have excellent individual properties, their property profile is often not sufficiently developed for stresses in modern process engineering.
  • the advantages of the alloys according to the invention are particularly clear when the comparative assessment of the overall characteristic value represents the material properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Carbide-forming metallic melt solidification kinetics and matrix composition control comprises alloying with aluminum in amo dependant on the carbon and group V element contents. An alloying process, for controlling the solidification kinetics and matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts, comprises alloying the liquid metal with 0.3-2.6 weight % aluminum, depending on the carbon content in the range 0.6-1.7 weight and on the group V element content of up to 4.3 weight %, with the proviso that Al = CxANxF, where Al = the aluminum content (we %), C = the carbon content (weight %), AN = the Nb equivalent (AN = 0.3 + 0.1 weight % V + weight % Nb + 1.12 weight % Ta) and F the activity range factor (F = 0.7 to 1.3). An Independent claim is also included for a metallic material, especially produced b the above process, having high hardness, wear resistance and toughness and containing C, one or more group V elements, Al, optionally Si, Cr, Mo and W, balance one or more of Mn, Fe, Ni and Co and impurities, the C content being up to 1.7 weight %, th group V element content being up to 4.3 weight % and the Al content being 0.3-2.6 weight % with the proviso described above.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur legierungstechnischen Steuerung der Erstarrungskinetik und der Matrixzusammensetzung von karbidbildenden metallischen Schmelzen sowie auf einen vorzugsweise nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Werkstoff mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwiderstand und hoher Zähigkeit, enthaltend Kohlenstoff, zumindest ein Element der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems und Aluminium sowie wahlweise Silizium, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Rest zumindest eines der Elemente Mangan, Eisen, Nickel, Kobalt und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.The invention relates to a method for alloy control the solidification kinetics and the matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts and preferably on the process manufactured material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high Toughness containing carbon, at least one element of group 5 of Periodic table and aluminum as well as optionally silicon, chrome, molybdenum, Tungsten, the rest of at least one of the elements manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt and manufacturing-related impurities.

Legierungen, welche die oben angeführten Elemente aufweisen, sind zum Stand der Technik zu zählen. Beispielsweise sind im Bereich der Eisenbasislegierungen Werkzeugstähle bekannt, die unter anderem die Elemente Kohlenstoff, Vanadin, Niob und Aluminium beinhalten.Alloys that have the elements listed above are on the stand of technology to count. For example, in the field of iron-based alloys Tool steels known, which include the elements carbon, vanadium, Include niobium and aluminum.

Die DE 31 44 475 A1 offenbart einen Schnellarbeits- und Werkzeugstahl der neben weiteren Elementen 0,3 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 0,5 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Silizium, 0,5 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Aluminium 0,5 bis 6,0 Gew.-% Vanadin aufweist. Der Stahl, bei welchem das Vanadin teilweise oder vollständig durch Zirkonium, Niob, Hafnium, Titan, Tantal oder einem Gemisch davon ersetzt werden kann, besitzt vorzugsweise eine Summe der Gehalte an Silizium und Aluminium von ungefähr 2 Gew.-%. Die Elemente Silizium und Aluminium in Kombination sollen bei etwa gleicher Materialgüte Kobalt vollständig oder teilweise ersetzen und den Gehalt von Wolfram, Vandin und Molybdän verringern.DE 31 44 475 A1 discloses a high-speed steel and tool steel in addition to further elements 0.3 to 3.0% by weight of carbon, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of silicon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt .-% aluminum has 0.5 to 6.0 wt .-% vanadium. The steel, at which the vanadium is partially or completely replaced by zirconium, niobium, hafnium, Titanium, tantalum or a mixture thereof can preferably be replaced a sum of the silicon and aluminum contents of approximately 2% by weight. The Elements silicon and aluminum in combination are said to be about the same Replace cobalt material quality completely or partially and the content of Reduce tungsten, vandin and molybdenum.

Aus der EP- 0425471 B1 ist ein Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher Druckfestigkeit bekannt geworden, welcher unter anderem mit in Gew.-% 0,6 bis 1,5 C, 0,2 bis 1,6 Si, 0,3 bis 1,5 V, 0,2 bis 1,6 AI und bis 0,5 Nb legiert ist. Silizium und Aluminium sollen das Vergütungsverhalten verbessern und durch Nitridbildung ein Kornwachstum bei der Härtung bzw. beim Austenitisieren behindern und dadurch die Druckfestigkeit, die Härte, die Zähigkeit und die Verschleißfestigkeit des Materials erhöhen.A cold work steel with high compressive strength is known from EP-0425471 B1 become, which among other things with in wt .-% 0.6 to 1.5 C, 0.2 to 1.6 Si, 0.3 to 1.5 V, 0.2 to 1.6 AI and up to 0.5 Nb is alloyed. Silicon and aluminum are supposed to Improve the tempering behavior and a grain growth in the nitride formation Hinder hardening or austenitizing and thereby the compressive strength Increase hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the material.

Durch die jeweilige Konzentration bestimmter Legierungselemente in Wechselwirkung mit den weiteren Bestandteilen kann zumindest eine gewünschte Eigenschaft von ledeburitisch erstarrenden Werkstoffen besonders gefördert werden. Eine hohe Verschleißbeständigkeit ist beispielsweise legierungstechnisch mittels Erhöhung des Karbidanteiles erreichbar, allerdings verschlechtert sich dabei die Zähigkeit des Materials.Due to the respective concentration of certain alloying elements in Interaction with the other components can be at least one desired Property of materials solidifying ledeburitically promoted become. A high wear resistance is, for example, in terms of alloy technology achievable by increasing the carbide content, but deteriorates the toughness of the material.

Die Güte und die Verwendbarkeit des Werkstoffes sind jedoch durch das Eigenschaftsprofil gekennzeichnet, welches entsprechend den modernen technischen Anforderungen an diesen aus möglichst jeweils hohen bzw. vorteilhaften Einzeleigenschaften gebildet sein soll. Dabei ist es aus Gründen der Zuverlässigkeit wichtig, daß die Schwankungsbreite der Eigenschaftswerte möglichst gering ist.The quality and the usability of the material are, however, due to that Characteristics profile marked, which according to the modern technical requirements for these from the highest possible or advantageous individual properties should be formed. It is for the sake of Reliability important that the fluctuation range of property values is as low as possible.

Wie eingangs erwähnt, wurde durch ein Legieren mit Aluminium versucht, teure Elemente zu substituieren oder die thermische Vergütung dahingehend zu beeinflussen, daß die Werkstoffeigenschaften verbessert sind.As mentioned at the beginning, alloying with aluminum was tried, expensive Elements to substitute or the thermal remuneration to that effect influence that the material properties are improved.

Ein erhöhter Aluminiumgehalt in ledeburitischen Stählen hat sich nur in einigen Fällen als günstig erwiesen, weil dieser zumeist keine wesentliche Verbesserung des Eigenschaftsprofiles des Werkstoffes bewirkte und die gegebenenfalls verbesserten Einzeleigenschaften große Schwankungen aufwiesen. Die Ursachen dafür sind nach Fachmeinung durch die Erstarrungsmorphologie begründet. Ein entstehen grober, bei der Erstarrung der Schmelze primär ausgeschiedener Karbide, welche bei einer Warmumformung des Materials im wesentlichen nicht zu zertrümmern sind, jedoch eine nachteilige Zeilenstruktur bilden können sowie die erreichbare Härte und Zähigkeit der Matrix sind als legierungstechnische Grenzen für eine Verbesserung der Gesamteigenschaften anzusehen.Only in some has an increased aluminum content in ledeburitic steels Cases proved to be favorable because this usually does not improve significantly the property profile of the material and, if applicable improved individual properties showed large fluctuations. The reasons according to the expert opinion, this is due to the solidification morphology. On arise coarser, primarily excreted when the melt solidifies Carbides, which do not increase during hot forming of the material are smashed, but can form a disadvantageous line structure and the Achievable hardness and toughness of the matrix are the limits of the alloy for an improvement in the overall properties.

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit welchen die Erstarrungskinetik von karbidbildenden metallischen Schmelzen legierungstechnisch derart gesteuert wird, daß das Gefüge morphologisch vorteilhaft mit verbesserten Matrixeigenschaften ausgebildet ist. Weiters ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, gattungsgemäße metallische Werkstoffe mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwiderstand und hoher Zähigkeit zu schaffen. Präzisiert bedeutet dies die Schaffung von hochdruckresistenten, insbesondere Kaltarbeits- Werkstoffen gleichzeitig mit wesentlich verbesserter Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß, mit erhöhter plastischer Biegebrucharbeit und Biegebruchfestigkeit sowie mit einer signifikant erhöhten 0,2% Stauchgrenze des Materials.Here, the invention seeks to remedy this and aims to create a method specify with which the solidification kinetics of carbide-forming metallic Melting is controlled by alloying in such a way that the structure is morphologically advantageous with improved matrix properties. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to use generic metallic materials high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. Specifically, this means creating high pressure resistant, in particular Cold work materials at the same time with significantly improved resistance against abrasive wear, with increased plastic bending work and Flexural strength and with a significantly increased 0.2% compression limit of the Materials.

Das Ziel wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch erreicht, daß das Flüssigmetall in Abhängigkeit von dem Kohlenstoffgehalt im Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,7 Gew.-% C und von dem Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems bis zu 4,6 Gew.-% mit Aluminium in einer Konzentration von 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% AI mit der Maßgabe legiert wird, daß der Aluminiumgehalt gleich dem Kohlenstoffgehalt, multipliziert mit dem Niobäquivalent AN, multipliziert mit dem Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F beträgt: Gew.-% AI = Gew.-% C x AN x F wobei das Niobäquivalent entsprechend dem Zusammenhang AN = 0,3 + 0,1 x Gew.-% V + Gew.-% Nb + 1,12 Gew.-% Ta und der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor aus F = 0,7 bis 1,3 gebildet sind, worauf die Schmelze erstarren gelassen wird.The aim is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the liquid metal is dependent on the carbon content in the range from 0.6 to 1.7% by weight of C and on the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table up to 4 .6% by weight with aluminum in a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight of AI is alloyed with the proviso that the aluminum content is equal to the carbon content, multiplied by the niobium equivalent AN, multiplied by the effective range factor F: % By weight AI =% by weight C x AN x F the niobium equivalent according to the context AN = 0.3 + 0.1 x wt% V + wt% Nb + 1.12 wt% Ta and the effective range factor F = 0.7 to 1.3 are formed, whereupon the melt is allowed to solidify.

Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, daß mittels des wirkungsoptimierten Aluminiumgehaltes die Erstarrungskinetik derart beeinflußt werden kann, daß eine primäre Karbidausscheidung und ein Karbidkornwachstum bei der weiteren Abkühlung weitgehend unterdrückt wird, daß sich also die Karbide eutektisch im wesentlichen fein globulitisch in der Schmelze bilden. Weiters kann durch die jeweilige Aluminiumkonzentration die Zusammensetzung der Matrix, insbesondere deren Kohlenstoffgehalt, gesteuert und dadurch letztlich die Matrixhärte und- zähigkeit bestimmt werden. Erstmals wurde gefunden, daß es für ein Erreichen eines besonders vorteilhaften hohen Eigenschaftsprofiles von Werkstoffen wichtig ist, den Aluminiumgehalt in Grenzen in Abhängigkeit von der Kohlenstoffkonzentration und von dem Niobäquivalent einzustellen. Geringere Gehalte als 0,3 Gew.-% bzw. höhere Gehalte als 2,6 Gew.-% Aluminium haben keine günstige Wirkung mehr, bzw. können im weiteren Abstand von der oberen Grenze auf Grund einer Verschlechterung der Matrixeigenschaften nachteilig wirksam sein. Zwischen diesen Grenzen ist im Hinblick auf eine im wesentlichen eutektische Karbidbildung bei der Erstarrung und damit eine morphologisch gewünschte Struktur des Erstarrungsgefüges mit verbesserten Matrixeigenschaften der Aluminiumgehalt gemäß dem vorgenannten Zusammenhang in der Legierung einzustellen. Die Ursachen der weitgehenden Unterdrückung einer primären Karbidausscheidung sind wissenschaftlich noch nicht restlos geklärt, es kann jedoch angenommen werden, daß Aluminium in entsprechenden Konzentrationen die Kristallisationskeime in ihrer Wirkung einschränkt und eine größere diesbezügliche Unterkühlung zuläßt.The advantages of the method according to the invention are essentially therein see that by means of the aluminum content optimized Solidification kinetics can be influenced in such a way that a primary Carbide excretion and carbide grain growth during further cooling is largely suppressed that the carbides are essentially eutectic form finely globular in the melt. Furthermore, by the respective Aluminum concentration the composition of the matrix, especially its Carbon content, controlled and thus ultimately the matrix hardness and toughness be determined. It was found for the first time that it was necessary to achieve a particularly advantageous high property profile of materials is important Aluminum content within limits depending on the carbon concentration and of the niobium equivalent. Less than 0.3% by weight or Levels higher than 2.6% by weight of aluminum no longer have a favorable effect, or can be at a greater distance from the upper limit due to a Deterioration of the matrix properties can be disadvantageously effective. Between these There are limits to essentially eutectic carbide formation Solidification and thus a morphologically desired structure of the Solidification structure with improved matrix properties of aluminum content set in the alloy in accordance with the aforementioned relationship. The Causes of the primary suppression of primary carbide excretion have not been fully clarified scientifically, but it can be assumed be that aluminum in the appropriate concentrations Crystallization nuclei restricted in their effect and a larger one Allows hypothermia.

Ein morphologisch besonders günstiges Gefüge wird erreicht, wenn der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F einen Wert zwischen 0,9 und 1,2 aufweist.A particularly favorable morphological structure is achieved if the Effective range factor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.

Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bei einem metallischen Werkstoff, der vorzugsweise nach dem vorgenannten Verfahren hergestellt ist, dadurch gelöst, daß die Legierung

  • bis 1,7 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff
  • bis 4,6 Gew.-% ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems sowie
  • 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% Aluminium mit der Maßgabe beinhaltet, daß das Aluminium in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoff- sowie Vanadin- Niob-und Tantalgehalt eine Konzentration gemäß der Formel % Al = % C x AN x F
  • aufweist, wobei der Wert AN bzw. das Niobäquivalent aus AN = 0,3 +0,1%V +%Nb +1,12 x%Ta
  • gebildet ist und der Faktor F F = 0,7 bis 1,3 den Wirkungsbereich angibt.
    • Die Vorteile des Werkstoffes gemäß der Erfindung bestehen im wesentlichen darin, daß sämtliche mechanischen Eigenschaften und auch die Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß desselben wesentlich verbessert sind. Allerdings ist dafür eine entsprechende Einstellung bzw. Einhaltung des Aluminiumgehaltes wichtig, weil von diesem in Abhängigkeit von dem Kohlenstoffgehalt und von dem Niobäquivalent die Ausbildung der Gußstruktur und jene des Gefüges des verformten Materials abhängen. Der Zusammenhang von Niobäquivalent, Kohlenstoffgehalt und erfindungsgemäßer Aluminiumkonzentration ist auch Fig. 1 beispielhaft zu entnehmen, wobei der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor unberücksichtigt ist. Bei einem gewünschten Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems, welche mit den weiteren Bestandteilen die Voraussetzungen für ein gewünschtes Eigenschaftsprofil des Werkstoffes bilden, ist in Abhängigkeit von dem Kohlenstoffgehalt jener des Aluminiums in den Grenzen 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% bestimmt.The further object of the invention is achieved in a metallic material, which is preferably produced by the aforementioned method, in that the alloy
  • up to 1.7% by weight of carbon
  • up to 4.6% by weight of one or more elements of group 5 of the periodic table and
  • 0.3 to 2.6% by weight of aluminum with the proviso that the aluminum has a concentration according to the formula, depending on the carbon, vanadium, niobium and tantalum content % Al =% C x AN x F
  • has, the value AN or the niobium equivalent AN = 0.3 + 0.1% V +% Nb +1.12 x% Ta
  • is formed and the factor F F = 0.7 to 1.3 indicates the area of effect.
    • The advantages of the material according to the invention consist essentially in the fact that all of its mechanical properties and also its resistance to abrasive wear are significantly improved. However, an appropriate setting or compliance with the aluminum content is important because, depending on the carbon content and the niobium equivalent, the formation of the cast structure and that of the structure of the deformed material depend on this. The relationship between niobium equivalent, carbon content and the aluminum concentration according to the invention can also be seen in FIG. 1 by way of example, the effect area factor being disregarded. With a desired content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table, which form the prerequisites for a desired property profile of the material with the other constituents, depending on the carbon content, that of aluminum is within the limits 0.3 to 2.6% by weight. certainly.

    Eine besondere Hochlage der Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes in ihrer Gesamtheit wird erreicht, wenn der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F einen Wert zwischen 0,9 und 1,2 aufweist.A special high point of the properties of the material as a whole is achieved when the effective range factor F is between 0.9 and 1.2 having.

    Wenn die Legierung auf Nickel- oder Kobaltbasis gebildet ist, können durch die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung insbesondere deren Zähigkeits- und Festigkeitsmerkmale entscheidend angehoben werden.When the nickel or cobalt based alloy is formed, the composition according to the invention in particular their toughness and Strength characteristics are significantly increased.

    Schneidwerkzeuge mit verbesserter Standzeit und dergleichen Bruchsicherheit sind bevorzugt herstellbar, wenn die Basis der Legierung als Schnellarbeitsstahl ausgebildet und mit Aluminium in den Erfindungsbereichen legiert ist.Cutting tools with improved service life and the like break resistance are preferably manufactured if the base of the alloy is high-speed steel trained and alloyed with aluminum in the inventive fields.

    Besonders ausgeprägt können die Vorteile bei einem erfindungsgemäß legierten Kaltarbeitssstahl sein. Insbesondere der hohe Verschleißwiderstand sowie die große Zähigkeit und Festigkeit des Materials ergeben überragende Gebrauchseigenschaften von daraus gefertigten Werkzeugen. The advantages can be particularly pronounced in an alloy according to the invention Cold work steel. In particular, the high wear resistance and the great toughness and strength of the material result in outstanding Usage properties of tools made from it.

    Wenn, wie nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, die Legierung in Gew.-% mindestens 0,6 Kohlenstoff

  • 0,2 bis 1,6 Silizium
  • 3,0 bis 13,0 Chrom
  • 1,0 bis 10,0 Molybdän
       bis 9,0 Wolfram
       bis 0,1 Stickstoff
  • 0,5 bis 10,0 Vanadin
       bis 6,0 Niob
       bis 2,8 Tantal
    • und Aluminium, Rest Mangan und/oder Eisen und/oder Nickel und/oder Kobalt sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist und einen Aluminiumgehalt in Abhängigkeit von der Vanadin, Niob und Tantalkonzentration sowiedem Kohlenstoffgehalt vorliegt, sind für die wichtigsten, technisch in Anwendung stehenden Werkstoffe beste Eigenschaftsmerkmale erreichbar.If, as provided by the invention, the alloy in wt .-% at least 0.6 carbon
  • 0.2 to 1.6 silicon
  • 3.0 to 13.0 chromium
  • 1.0 to 10.0 molybdenum
    up to 9.0 tungsten
    up to 0.1 nitrogen
  • 0.5 to 10.0 vanadium
    up to 6.0 niobium
    up to 2.8 tantalum
    • and aluminum, remainder manganese and / or iron and / or nickel and / or cobalt as well as production-related impurities and an aluminum content depending on the vanadium, niobium and tantalum concentration as well as the carbon content, best properties can be achieved for the most important, technically used materials .

    Ein Widerstand gegen abrasiven Verschleiß nach DIN 50320 von größer als 12 1/g im SiC-Schleifpapierverschleißtest P 120 (Schleiftellerdurchmesser: 300 mm; Schleiftellerdrehzahl: 150 mn-1 ; Probendurchmesser: 8mm ; Anpreßkraft: 13,33N), eine Biegebruchfestigkeit von mindestens 4500 N/mm2 und eine plastische Biegebrucharbeit im Bereich von 3000 Nmm bei einer 0,2% Stauchgrenze von über 2600 N/mm2 des thermisch vergüteten Werkstoffes können erreicht werden, wenn die Legierung in Gew.-%

  • 1,0 bis 1,4 Kohlenstoff
  • 0,6 bis 1,1 Silizium
  • 0,2 bis 0,5 Mangan
  • 7,0 bis 11,0 Chrom
  • 2,0 bis 3,2 Molybdän
       bis 1,0 Wolfram
       bis 0,8 Nickel
  • 1,0 bis 1,5 Vanadin
  • 0,4 bis 0,65 Niob
    • Resistance to abrasive wear in accordance with DIN 50320 of greater than 12 1 / g in the SiC abrasive paper wear test P 120 (sanding disk diameter: 300 mm; sanding disk speed: 150 mn -1 ; sample diameter: 8mm; contact pressure: 13.33N), a bending strength of at least 4500 N / mm 2 and a plastic bending work in the range of 3000 Nmm with a 0.2% compression limit of over 2600 N / mm 2 of the thermally tempered material can be achieved if the alloy in% by weight
  • 1.0 to 1.4 carbon
  • 0.6 to 1.1 silicon
  • 0.2 to 0.5 manganese
  • 7.0 to 11.0 chromium
  • 2.0 to 3.2 molybdenum
    up to 1.0 tungsten
    up to 0.8 nickel
  • 1.0 to 1.5 vanadium
  • 0.4 to 0.65 niobium

    • Aluminium in den erfindungsgemäß abhängigen Grenzen zwischen 0,64 und 2,0, Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist.Aluminum within the limits depending on the invention between 0.64 and 2.0, Rest iron and manufacturing-related impurities.

    Die mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Widerstand gegen einen abrasiven Verschleiß können gesteigert werden, wenn die Legierung mehr als 0,5 Gew.-% Niob aufweist.The mechanical properties and resistance to an abrasive Wear can be increased if the alloy is more than 0.5% by weight Has niobium.

    Vanadin in Gehalten von über 2,7 Gew.-% bewirkt einen besonders hohen Verschleißwiderstand des thermisch vergüteten Werkstoffes.Vanadium in contents of over 2.7% by weight causes a particularly high level Wear resistance of the thermally tempered material.

    Von besonderer Bedeutung für ein morphologisch günstiges Gefüge ist eine geringe Konzentration der Legierung an Elementen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems und gegebenenfalls des Stickstoffes, weil Verbindungen dieser Elemente wirksame Keime für eine primäre Karbidausscheidung bilden können. Daher ist von Vorteil, wenn der Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems unter 0,24 Gew.-% , vorzugsweise unter 0,1 Gew.-%, liegt und/oder der Stickstoffgehalt weniger als 0,01 Gew.-% beträgt.A small one is of particular importance for a morphologically favorable structure Concentration of the alloy on elements of group 4 of the periodic table and optionally nitrogen, because compounds of these elements are effective Can form nuclei for primary carbide excretion. It is therefore an advantage if the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is below 0.24 % By weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight, and / or the nitrogen content is less than 0.01% by weight.

    Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Tabellen mit jeweils der chemischen Zusammensetzung und den Untersuchungsergebnissen der Versuchswerkstoffe näher erläutert.In the following the invention is based on tables, each with the chemical Composition and the test results of the test materials explained in more detail.

    In Tabelle 1 ist die chemische Zusammensetzung der Versuchslegierung aufgeführt.Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test alloy.

    Aus Tabelle 2 sind die jeweiligen Erprobungsergebnisse und eine Bewertungszahl für das Eigenschaftsprofil der Legierung entnehmbar.Table 2 shows the respective test results and an evaluation number removable for the property profile of the alloy.

    Die Bewertungszahl in Tabelle 2, welche die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes in der Gesamtheit kennzeichnet, wurde derart gebildet, daß die Kennzahlen für die plastische Biegebrucharbeit, für die Biegebruchfestigkeit sowie die 0,2% Stauchgrenze jeweils durch 1000, diejenige für den abrasiven Verschleiß durch 10 dividiert und die so gebildeten Kennzahlenwerte miteinander multipliziert wurden. The rating number in Table 2, which shows the properties of the material in the Identifies the entirety, was formed in such a way that the key figures for the plastic bending fracture work, for the bending strength and the 0.2% Compression limit by 1000, that for abrasive wear by 10 divided and the key figure values thus formed were multiplied together.

    Die Legierungen 1,2,3 sowie 7,8,9, 10 stellen Legierungen gemäß der Erfindung dar und weisen durchwegs überlegene Einzeleigenschaften auf. die plastische Biegebrucharbeit dieser Werkstoffe liegt vorteilhaft bei Werten über 2900Nmm, lediglich die äußerst verschleißfeste Schnellarbeitsstahllegierung 7 besitzt diesbezüglich einen geringfügig niedrigeren Wert.Alloys 1, 2, 3 and 7, 8, 9, 10 are alloys according to the invention and consistently have superior individual properties. the plastic one Bending fracture work of these materials is advantageously above 2900Nmm, only has the extremely wear-resistant high-speed steel alloy 7 in this regard a slightly lower value.

    Gleiches gilt für die Biegebruchfestigkeit mit jeweils Kennzahlen von über 4500 N/mm2 und für die 0,2% Stauchgrenze mit Werten über 2600 n/mm2 . Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz und die Standzeit eines aus derartigen Legierungen gebildeten Werkzeuges ist oftmals der Verschleißwiderstand von besonderer Bedeutung. Die erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffe besitzen, wie aus der Tabelle hervorgeht, einen sehr hohen Verschleißwiderstand.The same applies to the bending strength, each with key figures of over 4500 N / mm 2 and for the 0.2% compression limit with values over 2600 n / mm 2 . With regard to the use and the service life of a tool formed from such alloys, the wear resistance is often of particular importance. As can be seen from the table, the materials according to the invention have a very high wear resistance.

    Wiewohl die zum Vergleich mit den erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Legierungen herangezogenen, gegebenenfalls ähnliche Elementkonzentrationen aufweisenden Materialien oft hervorragende Einzeleigenschaften aufweisen können, so ist deren Eigenschaftsprofil oft für Beanspruchungen in der modernen Verfahrenstechnik nicht ausreichend ausgebildet. Bei vergleichender Betrachung der die Werkstoffeigenschaften in ihrer Gesamtheit darstellenden Bewertungskennzahl sind die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen besonders verdeutlicht.

    Figure 00090001
    Figure 00100001
    Although the materials used for comparison with the alloys composed according to the invention, which may have similar element concentrations, can often have excellent individual properties, their property profile is often not sufficiently developed for stresses in modern process engineering. The advantages of the alloys according to the invention are particularly clear when the comparative assessment of the overall characteristic value represents the material properties.
    Figure 00090001
    Figure 00100001

    Claims (12)

    Verfahren zur legierungstechnischen Steuerung der Erstarrungskinetik und der Matrixzusammensetzung von karbidbildenden metallischen Schmelzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flüssigmetall in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoffgehalt im Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,7 Gew.-% C und vom Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems bis zu 4,3 Gew.-% mit Aluminium in einer Konzentration von 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% AI mit der Maßgabe legiert wird, daß der Aluminiumgehalt gleich dem Kohlenstoffgehalt, multipliziert mit dem Niobäquivalent AN, multipliziert mit dem Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F, beträgt: Gew.-% Al = Gew.-% C x AN x F, wobei das Niobäquivalent entsprechend dem Zusammenhang: AN = 0,3 + 0,1Gew.-% V + Gew.-%Nb + 1,12Gew.-% Ta und der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor aus: F = 0,7 bis 1,3 gebildet sind, worauf die Schmelze erstarren gelassen wird.Process for alloying control of the solidification kinetics and the matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts, characterized in that the liquid metal, depending on the carbon content in the range from 0.6 to 1.7% by weight C and on the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table to to 4.3 wt .-% with aluminum in a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6 wt .-% AI is alloyed with the proviso that the aluminum content is equal to the carbon content, multiplied by the niobium equivalent AN, multiplied by the effective range factor F , is: % By weight Al =% by weight C x AN x F, the niobium equivalent according to the context: AN = 0.3 + 0.1 wt% V + wt% Nb + 1.12 wt% Ta and the effective range factor from: F = 0.7 to 1.3 are formed, whereupon the melt is allowed to solidify. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F = 0,9 bis 1,2 beträgt. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective range factor F = 0.9 to 1.2. Metallischer Werkstoff, insbesondere hergestellt nach dem Verfahren gemäß den vorgeordneten Ansprüchen, mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwiderstand und hoher Zähigkeit, enthaltend Kohlenstoff, zumindest ein Element der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems und Aluminium sowie wahlweise Silizium, Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram, Rest zumindest eines der Elemente Mangan, Eisen, Nickel, Kobalt und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung bis 1,7 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff bis 4,3 Gew.-% ein oder mehrere Elemente der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems sowie 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% Aluminium mit der Maßgabe beinhaltet, daß das Aluminium in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoff- sowie des Vanadin-Niob-und Tantalgehaltes eine Konzentration gemäß der Formel % AI = %C x AN x F aufweist, wobei der Wert N bzw. das Niobäquivalent N = 0,3 + 0,1 x %V + % Nb + 1,12% Ta gebildet ist und der Faktor F F = 0,7 bis 1,3 den Wirkungsbereich angibt. Metallic material, in particular produced by the method according to the preceding claims, with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness, containing carbon, at least one element of group 5 of the periodic table and aluminum and optionally silicon, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, the rest of at least one of the Elements manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt and manufacturing-related impurities, characterized in that the alloy up to 1.7% by weight of carbon up to 4.3% by weight of one or more elements of group 5 of the periodic table and 0.3 to 2.6% by weight of aluminum with the proviso that the aluminum has a concentration according to the formula, depending on the carbon and the vanadium-niobium and tantalum content % AI =% C x AN x F has, the value N or the niobium equivalent N = 0.3 + 0.1 x% V +% Nb + 1.12% Ta is formed and the factor F F = 0.7 to 1.3 indicates the area of effect. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F = 0,9 bis 1,2 beträgt.Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective range factor F = 0.9 to 1.2. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung als Nickel- oder Kobaltbasislegierung ausgebildet ist.Material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the alloy is designed as a nickel or cobalt-based alloy. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Basis der Legierung als Schnellarbeitsstahl ausgebildet ist.Material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the base of the alloy is designed as high-speed steel. Werkstoff nach Ansprauch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Basis der Legierung als Kaltarbeitsstahl ausgebildet ist.Material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the base of the alloy is designed as cold work steel. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung in Gew.-% mindestens 0,6 Kohlenstoff 0,2 bis 1,6 Silizium 3,0 bis 13,0 Chrom 1,0 bis 10,0 Molybdän
       bis 9,0 Wolfram
       bis 0,1 Stickstoff     0,5 bis 10,0 Vanadin
       bis 3,0 Niob
       bis 2,8 Tantal         und Aluminium, Rest Mangan und/oder Eisen und/oder Nickel und/oder Kobalt sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist.    Material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the alloy in wt .-% at least 0.6 carbon 0.2 to 1.6 silicon 3.0 to 13.0 chromium 1.0 to 10.0 molybdenum
    up to 9.0 tungsten
    up to 0.1 nitrogen     0.5 to 10.0 vanadium
    up to 3.0 niobium
    up to 2.8 tantalum     and aluminum, remainder manganese and / or iron and / or nickel and / or cobalt and production-related impurities.         Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung in Gew.-% 1,0 bis 1,4 Kohlenstoff 0,6 bis 1,1 Silizium 0,2 bis 0,5 Mangan 7,0 bis 11,0 Chrom 2,0 bis 3,2 Molybdän
       bis 1,0 Wolfram
       bis 0,8 Nickel     1,0 bis 1,5 Vanadin 0,4 bis 0,65 Niob     und Auluminium , Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen aufweist.    Material according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the alloy in wt .-% 1.0 to 1.4 carbon 0.6 to 1.1 silicon 0.2 to 0.5 manganese 7.0 to 11.0 chromium 2.0 to 3.2 molybdenum
    up to 1.0 tungsten
    up to 0.8 nickel     1.0 to 1.5 vanadium 0.4 to 0.65 niobium     and aluminum, balance iron and manufacturing-related impurities.         Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung mehr als 0,5 Gew.-% Niob aufweist..Material according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the alloy has more than 0.5% by weight of niobium. Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Legierung mahr als 2,7 Gew.-% Vanadin aufweist.Material according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the alloy has more than 2.7% by weight of vanadium. Werkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems unter 0,24 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise unter 0,1 Gew.-%, liegt.Material according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is below 0.24% by weight, preferably below 0.1% by weight.
    EP20000890146 1999-05-10 2000-05-09 Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness Expired - Lifetime EP1052305B1 (en)

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