EP0425471A1 - Cold work tool steel with high compression strength and use of these steels - Google Patents
Cold work tool steel with high compression strength and use of these steels Download PDFInfo
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- EP0425471A1 EP0425471A1 EP90890280A EP90890280A EP0425471A1 EP 0425471 A1 EP0425471 A1 EP 0425471A1 EP 90890280 A EP90890280 A EP 90890280A EP 90890280 A EP90890280 A EP 90890280A EP 0425471 A1 EP0425471 A1 EP 0425471A1
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- cold work
- steel
- work steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910000822 Cold-work tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 niobium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cold work steel according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of this steel for components and tools.
- Cold work steels are used to machine materials at temperatures below 250 ° C, especially at room temperatures. Such processing can be carried out by cutting or non-cutting, the components or tools being subjected to various stresses at the same time.
- the dominant load (s) or desired property (s) of the part such as compressive strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, edge retention, possibly erodibility and the like, is usually taken into account by an appropriate choice of the composition of the cold work steel.
- Cr steels with contents of 1.5 to 2.5% C and 10 ⁇ to 17 Cr, such as steels according to DIN material no. 1.2379 or AISI type D 7 . Because of their high and coarse, mostly linearly arranged carbide content, such steels have high wear resistance, but low toughness, so that it is difficult to bend Shear stresses can cause the part to break or break out.
- a wear-resistant cold work steel with a very high impact strength which has a composition of essentially 1.0 ⁇ to 2.5 wt.% C, 6.5 to 11.0 ⁇ wt. % Cr and 3.0 ⁇ to 7.0 ⁇ wt .-% V, balance iron.
- alloy with approximately 5% or approximately 8% Cr and a carbon content of approximately 1.0% or approximately 0.5% with additions of Mo, W and V, for example Steels in accordance with DIN material no.1.2363 or material no.1.2345 or AISI type A2.
- a die steel with improved impact strength contains according to SU 1.0 ⁇ 73.321 Chemical Abstracts 10 ⁇ 0 ⁇ : 178630 ⁇ j) in% by weight Nb 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 5 to 0 ⁇ , 1, Al 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 3 to 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 8 and Ca 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 3 to 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 5 in a steel base with essentially C 0 ⁇ , 75 to 0 ⁇ , 85, Cr 4.2 to 4.7, Mo 0 ⁇ , 7 to 1.0 ⁇ , W 1.7 to 2 and V 0 ⁇ , 8 to 1.
- the alloy variants those with Cr contents of 10 ⁇ to 17% and those with 5 to 8% Cr, also have the disadvantage that they are usually not sufficiently resistant to tempering, and that with additional surface hardening by nitriding and / or carbonitriding or one Surface coating by means of CVD or PVD processes at temperatures between 350 ⁇ and 60 ⁇ 0 ⁇ C, the hardness of the base material achieved by previous tempering is reduced.
- the invention has for its object to use the effect of alloying elements in a certain concentration range synergistically and to create a cold work steel with high compressive strength, which has high hardness, toughness, wear resistance and erodability, with good cutting and punching tools formed from this steel Grindability and edge retention are present and, if applicable, when using methods for surface hardening and / or surface coating which are to be carried out at elevated temperature, there is no decisive disadvantageous influence on the mechanical properties of the base material achieved by prior hardening.
- the concentrations of the carbon content and the nitrogen content and the elements which preferably form carbides and / or nitrides are matched to one another in accordance with the carbon and nitrogen affinity and tendency towards carbide and / or nitride formation.
- Excessively high carbon contents of more than 1.5 cause proportionately large, even coarse carbide grains and thus poor toughness properties of the material; at contents below 0 ⁇ .6%, the required mechanical properties, in particular the hardness, are not achieved.
- Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium are alloyed for carbide formation, whereby according to the invention the respective concentration of these elements takes into account the interaction or the mutual influence.
- Niobium and silicon are advantageously effective for surface hardening by nitriding or carbonitriding and / or surface coating by means of a CVD or PVD or the like method.
- Niobium is a very strongly carbide-forming element, and even finely separated niobium carbides are difficult to dissolve during hardening, even at high austenitizing temperatures.
- high niobium contents at carbon concentrations of cold work steels lead to coarse niobium carbide grains, so that niobium is only added up to a maximum concentration of 0.5%.
- the steels according to DIN material no. 1.2363 and material no. 1.2379 have a permissible specific pressure load of 2785 N / mm or 30 ⁇ 26 N / mm2 as well as a tempering hardness at 550 ° C of 56 HRC or 60 ° HRC .
- the cold work steel according to the invention has at least a permissible specific compressive strength of 30-22 N / mm2, a tempering hardness of 63.5 HRC and compared to material no. 1.2379 a toughness improved by 28%.
- the punch and the die of steel A had a hardness of 63 HRC, and 64,629 punchings could be carried out. Despite an only slightly lower hardness of 62 HRC of steel D, only 20,751 punchings could be carried out, which corresponds to an additional performance of the tool according to the invention by approx. 30%.
- a steel B with the composition in% by weight was used for extrusion tools for pressing aluminum video heads.
- the surface of the tool made of steel B was enriched with nitrogen in a bath nitriding process at approx. 570 ° C, after which the hardness of the base material was 63.5 HRC. 40 horr7,320 ⁇ pressings were carried out with this tool without excessive wear, whereas the steel D tool had to be eliminated after 239,865 pressings.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher Druckfestigkeit für Bauteile und Werkzeuge, die gleichzeitig mehreren Beanspruchungsarten unterworfen sind. Erfindungsgemäß weist der Stahl eine Zusammensetzung von in Gew-% C Ø,6 bis 1,5 Si Ø,2 bis 1,6 Mn Ø,2 bis 1,2 Cr 5,Ø bis 1Ø,Ø Mo bis 3,Ø W bis 6,Ø Mo+2W 1,Ø bis 3,Ø V Ø,3 bis 1,5 Al lOslash;,2 bis 1,6 Nb bis Ø,5 N bis Ø,1 Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen auf und ist insbesondere für eine Verwendung für Bauteile und Werkzeuge mit einer bei erhöhter Temperatur hergestellten Verschleißschicht vorgesehen.The invention relates to a cold work steel with high compressive strength for components and tools that are subjected to several types of stress at the same time. According to the invention, the steel has a composition of in% by weight C Ø, 6 to 1.5 Si Ø, 2 to 1.6 Mn Ø, 2 to 1.2 Cr 5, Ø to 1Ø, Ø Mo to 3, Ø W bis 6, Ø Mo + 2W 1, Ø to 3, Ø V Ø, 3 to 1.5 Al lOslash;, 2 to 1.6 Nb to Ø, 5 N to Ø, 1 remainder iron and manufacturing-related impurities and is especially for a use for components and tools provided with a wear layer produced at elevated temperature.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kaltarbeitsstahl nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruch 1 und die Verwendung dieses Stahles für Bauteile und Werkzeuge.The invention relates to a cold work steel according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of this steel for components and tools.
Kaltarbeitsstähle werden für die Bearbeitung von Werkstoffen bei Temperaturen unter 250̸°C, insbesondere bei Raumtemperaturen, eingesetzt. Eine derartige Bearbeitung kann spanabhebend oder spanlos erfolgen, wobei die Bauteile oder Werkzeuge gleichzeitig verschiedenen Beanspruchungen unterworfen sind. Der bzw. den dominierenden Beanspruchung(en) bzw.gewünschten Eigenschaft(en) des Teiles wie Druckfestigkeit, Härte, Zähigkeit Verschleißfestigkeit, Schneidhaltigkeit, gegebenenfalls Erodierbarkeit und dgl., wird zumeist durch eine entsprechende Wahl der Zusammensetzung des Kaltarbeitsstahles Rechnung getragen.Cold work steels are used to machine materials at temperatures below 250 ° C, especially at room temperatures. Such processing can be carried out by cutting or non-cutting, the components or tools being subjected to various stresses at the same time. The dominant load (s) or desired property (s) of the part, such as compressive strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, edge retention, possibly erodibility and the like, is usually taken into account by an appropriate choice of the composition of the cold work steel.
Zur Erfüllung der Erfordernisse nach z.B. hoher Verschleißfestigkeit ist bekannt, Cr-Stähle mit Gehalten von 1,5 bis 2,5 % C und 10̸ bis 17- Cr, wie z.B. Stähle entsprechend DIN Werkstoff Nr. 1.2379 oder AISI- Typ D 7, einzusetzen. Derartige Stähle weisen auf Grund ihres hohen und groben, zumeist zeilig angeordneten Karbidanteiles zwar hohe Verschleißfestigkeit, jedoch geringe Zähigkeit auf, so daß es bei Biege-oder Scherbeanspruchungen zu Brüchen oder Ausbrüchen des Teiles kommen kann.To meet the requirements for, for example, high wear resistance, it is known to use Cr steels with contents of 1.5 to 2.5% C and 10̸ to 17 Cr, such as steels according to DIN material no. 1.2379 or AISI type D 7 . Because of their high and coarse, mostly linearly arranged carbide content, such steels have high wear resistance, but low toughness, so that it is difficult to bend Shear stresses can cause the part to break or break out.
Aus EP-A1 0̸275475 ist ein nach einem pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren hergestellter, verschleißfester Kaltarbeitsstahl mit sehr hoher Schlagfestigkeit bekannt, welcher eine Zusammensetzung vom im wesentlichen 1,0̸ bis 2,5 Gew.-% C, 6,5 bis 11,0̸ Gew.-% Cr und 3,0̸ bis 7,0̸ Gew.-% V, Rest Eisen aufweist.
Um Kaltarbeitswerkzeuge mit guter Zähigkeit herzustellen, ist bekannt, Legierungen mit ca. 5% oder ca. 8 % Cr und einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von ca. 1,0̸ % oder ca. 0̸,5 % mit Zusätzen von Mo, W und V, wie beispielsweise Stähle gemäß DIN Werkstoff Nr. 1.2363 oder Werkstoff Nr. 1.2345 oder AISI Typ A2, einzusetzen. Diese Stähle können bei günstiger Gefügeausbildung bzw. Karbidstruktur gute Zähigkeitseigenschaften und ausreichendes Erodier- sowie Schleifverhalten aufweisen, ihr Verschleißwiderstand und die Druckfestigkeit sind jedoch für einige Anwendungsgebiete nicht befriedigend. Ein Gesenkstahl mit verbesserter Schlagzähigkeit enthält gemäß SU 1.0̸73.321 Chemical Abstracts 10̸0̸:178630̸j) in Gew.-% Nb 0̸,0̸5 bis 0̸,1, Al 0̸,0̸3 bis 0̸,0̸8 und Ca 0̸,0̸0̸3 bis 0̸,0̸0̸5 in einer Stahlbasis mit im wesentlichen C 0̸,75 bis 0̸,85, Cr 4,2 bis 4,7, Mo 0̸,7 bis 1,0̸, W 1,7 bis 2 und V 0̸,8 bis 1. Weiters ist aus CH-A5 585 799 ein Superschnellstahl auf Mo-Basis mit großer Spanleistung mit im wesentlichen in Gew.-% 1,0̸5 bis 1,50̸ C, 4,0̸ bis 5,0̸ Cr, 5,0̸ bis 6,0̸ W bekannt , welcher neben Eisen außerdem 6,0̸5 bis 6,95 Mo, 2,16 bis 4,5 V, 0̸,1 bis 4,0̸ Nb und 0̸,11 bis 0̸,25 N aufweist. Den Legierungsvarianten, jenen mit Cr-Gehalten von 10̸ bis 17 % und jenen mit 5 bis 8 % Cr, haftet weiters der Nachteil an, daß sie zumeist nicht ausreichend anlaßbeständig sind, und daß bei einer zusätzlichen Oberflächenhärtung durch Nitrieren und/oder Karbonitrieren oder einer Oberflächenbeschichtung mittels CVD-oder PVD-Verfahrens bei Temperaturen zwischen 350̸ und 60̸0̸ C die durch vorherige Vergütung erreichte Härte des Grundmateriales verringert wird.From EP-A1 0̸275475 a wear-resistant cold work steel with a very high impact strength is known, which has a composition of essentially 1.0̸ to 2.5 wt.% C, 6.5 to 11.0̸ wt. % Cr and 3.0̸ to 7.0̸ wt .-% V, balance iron.
In order to produce cold work tools with good toughness, it is known to alloy with approximately 5% or approximately 8% Cr and a carbon content of approximately 1.0% or approximately 0.5% with additions of Mo, W and V, for example Steels in accordance with DIN material no.1.2363 or material no.1.2345 or AISI type A2. With a favorable microstructure or carbide structure, these steels can have good toughness properties and sufficient erosion and grinding behavior, but their wear resistance and compressive strength are not satisfactory for some areas of application. A die steel with improved impact strength contains according to SU 1.0̸73.321 Chemical Abstracts 10̸0̸: 178630̸j) in% by weight Nb 0̸, 0̸5 to 0̸, 1, Al 0̸, 0̸3 to 0̸, 0̸8 and Ca 0̸, 0̸0̸3 to 0̸, 0̸0̸5 in a steel base with essentially C 0̸, 75 to 0̸, 85, Cr 4.2 to 4.7, Mo 0̸, 7 to 1.0̸, W 1.7 to 2 and V 0̸, 8 to 1. Furthermore, from CH -A5 585 799 a super high-speed steel based on Mo with great chip removal with essentially in wt .-% 1.0̸5 to 1.50̸ C, 4.0̸ to 5.0̸ Cr, 5.0̸ to 6.0̸ W known, which in addition to iron also has 6.0̸5 to 6.95 Mo, 2.16 to 4.5 V, 0̸, 1 to 4.0̸ Nb and 0̸, 11 to 0̸, 25 N. The alloy variants, those with Cr contents of 10̸ to 17% and those with 5 to 8% Cr, also have the disadvantage that they are usually not sufficiently resistant to tempering, and that with additional surface hardening by nitriding and / or carbonitriding or one Surface coating by means of CVD or PVD processes at temperatures between 350̸ and 60̸0̸ C, the hardness of the base material achieved by previous tempering is reduced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Wirkung von Legierungselementen in einem bestimmten Konzentrationsbereich synergetisch zu nutzen und einen Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher Druckfestigkeit zu schaffen, der hohe Härte, Zähigkeit, Verschleißfestigkeit und Erodierbarkeit aufweist, wobei bei aus diesem Stahl gebildeten Schnitt- und Stanzwerkzeugen eine gute Schleifbarkeit und Schneidhaltigkeit vorliegen und gegebenenfalls bei Anwendung von Verfahren zur Oberflächenhärtung und/oder Oberflächenbeschichtung, die bei erhöhter Temperatur durchzuführen sind, kein entscheidend nachteiliger Einfluß auf die durch vorherige Vergütung erreichten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Grundmaterials gegeben ist.The invention has for its object to use the effect of alloying elements in a certain concentration range synergistically and to create a cold work steel with high compressive strength, which has high hardness, toughness, wear resistance and erodability, with good cutting and punching tools formed from this steel Grindability and edge retention are present and, if applicable, when using methods for surface hardening and / or surface coating which are to be carried out at elevated temperature, there is no decisive disadvantageous influence on the mechanical properties of the base material achieved by prior hardening.
Diese Aufgabe wird gattungsgemäß durch die Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, gelöst.This object is generally achieved by the invention as characterized in the claims.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Kaltarbeitsstahl ist es wichtig, daß der Kohlenstoffgehalt sowie der Stickstoffgehalt und die bevorzugt Karbide-und/oder Nitride bildenden Elemente entsprechend der Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffaffinität und Neigung zur Karbid- und/oder Nitridbildung in ihren Konzentrationen aufeinander abgestimmt sind.
Zu hohe Gehalte an Kohlenstoff von über 1,5 bewirken anteilsmäßig große, auch grobe Karbidkörner und damit schlechte Zähigkeitseigenschaften des Werkstoffes, bei Gehalten unter 0̸,6 % werden die geforderten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Härte, nicht erreicht. Chrom, Molybdän, Wolfram und Vanadin sind zur Karbidbildung zulegiert, wobei erfindungsgemäß die jeweilige Konzentration dieser Elemente der Wechselwirkung bzw. der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung Rechnung trägt.Dabei ist wichtig,daß bei der Wärmebehandlung diejenigen Karbide in Lösung gehen, die beim Anlassen bei Temperaturen von über 50̸0̸°C submikroskopisch ausgeschieden werden, hohe Härte bzw. einen quasi Sekundärhärteanstieg bewirken und eine weitgehende Anlaßbeständigkeit des Stahles verursachen. Aluminium und Silizium , welche Elemente das γ-Gebiet der Legierung stark abschnüren, sind aus mehreren Gründen erforderlich. Überraschenderweise wird von diesen ferritbildenden Elementen in den beanspruchten Konzentrationsbereichen das Vergütungsverhalten des Stahles und dessen Anlaßbeständigkeit wesentlich verbessert. Weiters erfolgt eine Nitridbildung bei entsprechendem Stickstoffgehalt der Legierung, welche Nitride ein Kornwachstum bei der Härtung bzw. beim Austenitisieren bei hohen Temperaturen behindern. Für eine Oberflächenhärtung durch Nitrieren oder Karbonitrieren und/oder eine Oberflächenbeschichtung durch ein CVD-oder PVD-oder dergleichen-Verfahren sind Aluminium und Silizium vorteilhaft wirksam. Niob ist ein sehr stark karbidbildendes Element, wobei auch fein ausgeschiedene Niobkarbide bei der Härtung, auch bei hohen Austenitisierungstemperaturen, nur schwer aufgelöst werden.
Hohe Niobgehalte bei Kohlenstoffkonzentrationen von Kaltarbeitsstählen führen jedoch zu groben Niobkarbidkörnern, so daß Niob nur bis zu einer maximalen Konzentration von 0̸,5% zulegiert wird.In the cold work steel according to the invention it is important that the concentrations of the carbon content and the nitrogen content and the elements which preferably form carbides and / or nitrides are matched to one another in accordance with the carbon and nitrogen affinity and tendency towards carbide and / or nitride formation.
Excessively high carbon contents of more than 1.5 cause proportionately large, even coarse carbide grains and thus poor toughness properties of the material; at contents below 0̸.6%, the required mechanical properties, in particular the hardness, are not achieved. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium are alloyed for carbide formation, whereby according to the invention the respective concentration of these elements takes into account the interaction or the mutual influence. It is important that during the heat treatment those carbides which dissolve when tempering at temperatures above 50̸0̸ ° C can be excreted sub-microscopically, cause high hardness or a quasi increase in secondary hardness and cause a high degree of temper resistance of the steel. Aluminum and silicon, which elements the γ-area of the alloy, are necessary for several reasons. Surprisingly, the tempering behavior of the steel and its tempering resistance are significantly improved by these ferrite-forming elements in the concentration ranges claimed. Furthermore, nitride formation takes place with a corresponding nitrogen content of the alloy, which nitrides hinder grain growth during hardening or when austenitizing at high temperatures. Aluminum and silicon are advantageously effective for surface hardening by nitriding or carbonitriding and / or surface coating by means of a CVD or PVD or the like method. Niobium is a very strongly carbide-forming element, and even finely separated niobium carbides are difficult to dissolve during hardening, even at high austenitizing temperatures.
However, high niobium contents at carbon concentrations of cold work steels lead to coarse niobium carbide grains, so that niobium is only added up to a maximum concentration of 0.5%.
Bei vergleichenden Untersuchungen wurde gefunden, daß die Stähle gemäß DIN Werkstoff Nr. 1.2363 und Werkstoff Nr. 1.2379 eine zulässige spezifische Druckbelastung von 2785 N/mm bzw. 30̸26 N/mm² sowie eine Anlaßhärte bei 550̸°C von 56 HRC bzw. 60̸ HRC aufweisen. Der erfindungsgemäße Kaltarbeitsstahl hat mindestens eine zulässige spezifische Druckbelastbarkeit von 30̸22 N/mm², eine Anlaßhärte von 63,5 HRC und gegenüber Werkstoff Nr. 1.2379 eine um 28 % verbesserte Zähigkeit.In comparative investigations it was found that the steels according to DIN material no. 1.2363 and material no. 1.2379 have a permissible specific pressure load of 2785 N / mm or 30̸26 N / mm² as well as a tempering hardness at 550 ° C of 56 HRC or 60 ° HRC . The cold work steel according to the invention has at least a permissible specific compressive strength of 30-22 N / mm², a tempering hardness of 63.5 HRC and compared to material no. 1.2379 a toughness improved by 28%.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.
Aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl A mit einer Zusammensetzung von in Gew.-%
C = 0̸,89
Si = 0̸,98,
Mn = 0̸,43
Cr = 8,96
Mo = 1,82
V = 0̸,38
Al = 1,33
Nb = 0̸,0̸4
N = 0̸,0̸28
und einer Legierung D gemäß Werkstoff Nr. 1.2379 mit
C = 1,53
Si = 0̸,32
Mn = 0̸,31
Cr = 11,15
Mo = 0̸,64
V = 0̸,92
wurden gleichartige Stanzwerkzeuge für die Herstellung von Ventilscheiben aus 17% Cr-Stahl mit einer Festigkeit von 624 N/mm² und einer Dicke von 1 mm hergestellt. Der Stempel und die Matrize des Stahles A wiesen eine Härte von 63 HRC auf, es konnten 64.629 Stanzungen durchgeführt werden. Trotz einer nur geringfügig niedrigeren Härte von 62 HRC des Stahles D waren nur 20̸.751 Stanzungen durchführbar, was einer Mehrleistung des erf indungsgemäßen Werkzeuges um ca. 30̸0̸ % entspricht.From a steel A according to the invention with a composition of in% by weight
C = 0̸, 89
Si = 0̸, 98,
Mn = 0̸, 43
Cr = 8.96
Mo = 1.82
V = 0̸, 38
Al = 1.33
Nb = 0̸, 0̸4
N = 0̸, 0̸28
and an alloy D according to material no. 1.2379 with
C = 1.53
Si = 0̸, 32
Mn = 0̸, 31
Cr = 11.15
Mo = 0̸, 64
V = 0̸, 92
Similar punching tools for the production of valve disks from 17% Cr steel with a strength of 624 N / mm² and a thickness of 1 mm were produced. The punch and the die of steel A had a hardness of 63 HRC, and 64,629 punchings could be carried out. Despite an only slightly lower hardness of 62 HRC of steel D, only 20,751 punchings could be carried out, which corresponds to an additional performance of the tool according to the invention by approx. 30%.
Für Fließpreßwerkzeuge zum Pressen von Videoköpfen aus Aluminium wurde ein Stahl B mit der Zusammensetzung von in Gew.-%
C = 1,0̸9
Si = 0̸,94
Mn = 0̸,36
Cr = 8,24
Mo = 2,14
W = 0̸,23
V = 0̸,54
Al = 1,0̸6
Nb = 0̸,0̸8
N = 0̸,0̸43
und eine Legierung D, wie im vorgehenden Beispiel angeführt, verwendet. Die Oberfläche des Werkzeuges aus STahl B wurde in einem Badnitrierverfahren bei ca. 570̸°C mit Stickstoff angereichert, wonach die Härte des Grundmaterials 63,5 HRC betrug. Mit diesem Werkzeug wurden 40̸7.320̸ Pressungen durchgeführt, ohne daß ein übermäßiger Verschleiß auftrat, wogegen das Werkzeug aus Stahl D nach 239.865 Pressungen auszuscheiden war.A steel B with the composition in% by weight was used for extrusion tools for pressing aluminum video heads.
C = 1.0̸9
Si = 0̸, 94
Mn = 0̸, 36
Cr = 8.24
Mo = 2.14
W = 0̸, 23
V = 0̸, 54
Al = 1.0̸6
Nb = 0̸, 0̸8
N = 0̸, 0̸43
and an alloy D as used in the previous example. The surface of the tool made of steel B was enriched with nitrogen in a bath nitriding process at approx. 570 ° C, after which the hardness of the base material was 63.5 HRC. 40 Werkzeug7,320̸ pressings were carried out with this tool without excessive wear, whereas the steel D tool had to be eliminated after 239,865 pressings.
Kaltprägewerkzeuge für ein Pilgern von nahtlosen Rohren aus Cr-Ni-Stahl wurden aus Stahl D , aus Stahl C mit einer Zusammensetzung von in Gew.-%
C = 1,22
Si = 0̸,81
Mn = 0̸,38
Cr = 7,63
Mo = 2,57
V = 1,0̸8
Al = 0̸,47
Nb = 0̸,15
N = 0̸,0̸21
und aus einem Stahl G mit einer Zusammensetzung von in Gew.-%
C = 0̸,96
Si = 0̸,34
Mn = 0̸,56
Cr = 5,0̸6
Mo = 0̸,93
V = 0̸,18
(Werkstoff Nr. 1.2363) erstellt.
Mit dem Stahl D konnten 6.120̸, mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl C 12.764 und mit dem Stahl G 5.0̸87 Meter Fertigrohr erzeugt bzw. gepilgert werden.Cold stamping tools for a pilgrimage of seamless tubes made of Cr-Ni steel were made of steel D, of steel C with a composition of in% by weight
C = 1.22
Si = 0̸, 81
Mn = 0̸, 38
Cr = 7.63
Mo = 2.57
V = 1.0̸8
Al = 0̸, 47
Nb = 0̸, 15
N = 0̸, 0̸21
and from a steel G with a composition of in% by weight
C = 0̸, 96
Si = 0̸, 34
Mn = 0̸, 56
Cr = 5.0̸6
Mo = 0̸, 93
V = 0̸, 18
(Material no.1.2363).
With the steel D 6,120̸, with the steel C 12,764 according to the invention and with the steel G 5.0̸87 meters of finished pipe could be produced or be pilgrimaged.
Claims (8)
C 0̸,6 bis 1,5
Si 0̸,2 bis 1,6
Mn 0̸,2 bis 1,2
Cr 5,0̸ bis 10̸,0̸
Mo bis 3,0̸
W bis 6,0̸
(Mo+2W) 1,0̸ bis 3,0̸
V 0̸,3 bis 1,5
Al 0̸,2 bis 1,6
Nb bis 0̸,5
N bis 0̸,1
Rest Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.1. Cold work steel with high compressive strength, characterized by contents of essentially the following elements in% by weight
C 0̸, 6 to 1.5
Si 0̸, 2 to 1.6
Mn 0̸, 2 to 1.2
Cr 5.0̸ to 10̸, 0̸
Mo to 3.0̸
W to 6.0̸
(Mo + 2W) 1.0̸ to 3.0̸
V 0̸, 3 to 1.5
Al 0̸, 2 to 1.6
Nb to 0̸, 5
N to 0̸, 1
Balance iron and manufacturing-related impurities.
Nb 0̸,0̸2 bis 0̸,35
N 0̸,0̸1 bis 0̸,0̸6
aufweist.2. Cold work steel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in wt ..-%
Nb 0̸, 0̸2 to 0̸, 35
N 0̸, 0̸1 to 0̸, 0̸6
having.
C 0̸,8 bis 1,3
Si 0̸,7 bis 1,4
Mn 0̸,3 bis 1,2
Cr 6,0̸ bis 9,0̸
Mo bis 3,0̸
W bis 3,0̸
(Mo+2W) 1,0̸ bis 3,0̸
V 0̸,5 bis 1,3
Al 0̸,4 bis 1,4
Nb 0̸,0̸4 bis 0̸,3
N 0̸,0̸15 bis 0̸,0̸4
aufweist.3. Cold work steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it in wt .-%
C 0̸, 8 to 1.3
Si 0̸, 7 to 1.4
Mn 0̸, 3 to 1.2
Cr 6.0̸ to 9.0̸
Mo to 3.0̸
W to 3.0̸
(Mo + 2W) 1.0̸ to 3.0̸
V 0̸, 5 to 1.3
Al 0̸, 4 to 1.4
Nb 0̸, 0̸4 to 0̸, 3
N 0̸, 0̸15 to 0̸, 0̸4
having.
C 0̸,9 bis 1,2
Si 0̸,8 bis 1,2
Mn 0̸,3 bis 1,0̸
Cr 7,0̸ bis 9,0̸
Mo bis 2,5
W bis 5,0̸
(Mo+2W) 1,5 bis 2,5
V 0̸,6 bis 1,2
Al 0̸,5 bis 1,3
Nb 0̸,0̸6 bis 0̸,2
N 0̸,0̸2 bis 0̸,35
aufweist.4. Cold work steel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is in wt .-%
C 0̸, 9 to 1.2
Si 0̸, 8 to 1.2
Mn 0̸, 3 to 1.0̸
Cr 7.0̸ to 9.0̸
Mon to 2.5
W to 5.0̸
(Mo + 2W) 1.5 to 2.5
V 0̸, 6 to 1.2
Al 0̸, 5 to 1.3
Nb 0̸, 0̸6 to 0̸, 2
N 0̸, 0̸2 to 0̸, 35
having.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT2423/89 | 1989-10-23 | ||
AT2423/89A AT393387B (en) | 1989-10-23 | 1989-10-23 | COLD WORK STEEL WITH HIGH PRESSURE STRENGTH AND USE OF THIS STEEL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0425471A1 true EP0425471A1 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
EP0425471B1 EP0425471B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
Family
ID=3534087
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90890280A Expired - Lifetime EP0425471B1 (en) | 1989-10-23 | 1990-10-12 | Cold work tool steel with high compression strength and use of these steels |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5160553A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0425471B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2794641B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0170386B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT393387B (en) |
AU (1) | AU631690B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9005350A (en) |
DE (1) | DE59008009D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0425471T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2068379T3 (en) |
TW (1) | TW199910B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA908467B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0638734A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-15 | Mono Pumps Limited | A flexible drive shaft and method of production thereof |
EP0733719A1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-09-25 | BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH | Iron base alloy for use at high temperature |
EP0856591A1 (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-05 | Thyssen France SA | Steel for cold forming |
EP1052305A2 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-15 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness |
EP1693138A1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-08-23 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH | Cutting tool |
EP2233596A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-29 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Cold worked steel object |
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US5445685A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-08-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Transformation process for production of ultrahigh carbon steels and new alloys |
JP3284092B2 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2002-05-20 | 理研ダイヤモンド工業株式会社 | Cutting and crushing cutter |
SE511747C2 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-11-15 | Uddeholm Tooling Ab | Cold Work |
US6093303A (en) | 1998-08-12 | 2000-07-25 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature case hardening processes |
JP4144094B2 (en) * | 1999-01-28 | 2008-09-03 | 日立金属株式会社 | Blade material for metal band saw |
AT410448B (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2003-04-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | COLD WORK STEEL ALLOY FOR THE POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF PARTS |
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WO2008066438A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-05 | E2 Forestry Hb | Wear resistant tool for wood chipping |
AT507215B1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-03-15 | Boehler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | WEAR-RESISTANT MATERIAL |
KR101599721B1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2016-03-04 | 김종선 | Electricity ondol pannel |
CN105526437A (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2016-04-27 | 海安欣凯富机械科技有限公司 | Metal hose |
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US4224060A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1980-09-23 | Acos Villares S.A. | Hard alloys |
US4729872A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1988-03-08 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Isotropic tool steel |
EP0275475A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-27 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Tool steel |
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CH585799A5 (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1977-03-15 | Lenin Kohaszati Muvek | High speed steel based on molybdenum - with good cutting props dependent on vanadium and niobium content |
JPS60427B2 (en) * | 1979-05-17 | 1985-01-08 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Free-cutting steel with excellent cold forging properties |
US4264380A (en) * | 1979-11-16 | 1981-04-28 | General Electric Company | Nitride casehardening process and the nitrided product thereof |
DE3851982T2 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1995-03-09 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Steel with high wear resistance. |
JP2756451B2 (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1998-05-25 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Manufacturing method of cold tool steel |
JPH076663B2 (en) * | 1988-01-11 | 1995-01-30 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
-
1989
- 1989-10-23 AT AT2423/89A patent/AT393387B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-09-13 TW TW079107707A patent/TW199910B/zh active
- 1990-10-12 DK DK90890280.2T patent/DK0425471T3/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-12 ES ES90890280T patent/ES2068379T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-12 JP JP2272524A patent/JP2794641B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-12 DE DE59008009T patent/DE59008009D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-12 EP EP90890280A patent/EP0425471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 KR KR1019900016926A patent/KR0170386B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-23 US US07/601,676 patent/US5160553A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-23 BR BR909005350A patent/BR9005350A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-23 AU AU64922/90A patent/AU631690B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-10-23 ZA ZA908467A patent/ZA908467B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE739958C (en) * | 1937-04-30 | 1943-10-08 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Steel alloy for corrosion-resistant, hardened cutting tools produced by rolling or similar processing methods |
US4224060A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1980-09-23 | Acos Villares S.A. | Hard alloys |
US4729872A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1988-03-08 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Isotropic tool steel |
EP0275475A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-27 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | Tool steel |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0638734A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-15 | Mono Pumps Limited | A flexible drive shaft and method of production thereof |
EP0733719A1 (en) * | 1995-03-23 | 1996-09-25 | BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH | Iron base alloy for use at high temperature |
EP0856591A1 (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-05 | Thyssen France SA | Steel for cold forming |
FR2759092A1 (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1998-08-07 | Thyssen France Sa | STEEL FOR COLD FORMING |
EP1052305A2 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-15 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness |
EP1052305A3 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2002-04-17 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness |
EP1693138A1 (en) * | 2005-02-21 | 2006-08-23 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH | Cutting tool |
EP2233596A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-29 | Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG | Cold worked steel object |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5160553A (en) | 1992-11-03 |
TW199910B (en) | 1993-02-11 |
ZA908467B (en) | 1991-12-24 |
DK0425471T3 (en) | 1995-02-20 |
KR0170386B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
DE59008009D1 (en) | 1995-01-26 |
EP0425471B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
AT393387B (en) | 1991-10-10 |
JP2794641B2 (en) | 1998-09-10 |
AU6492290A (en) | 1991-04-26 |
KR910008158A (en) | 1991-05-30 |
JPH03197649A (en) | 1991-08-29 |
BR9005350A (en) | 1991-09-17 |
AU631690B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
ATA242389A (en) | 1991-03-15 |
ES2068379T3 (en) | 1995-04-16 |
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