EP0348380B1 - Use of an iron-base alloy in the manufacture of sintered parts with a high corrosion resistance, a high wear resistance as well as a high toughness and compression strength, especially for use in the processing of synthetic materials - Google Patents

Use of an iron-base alloy in the manufacture of sintered parts with a high corrosion resistance, a high wear resistance as well as a high toughness and compression strength, especially for use in the processing of synthetic materials Download PDF

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EP0348380B1
EP0348380B1 EP89890163A EP89890163A EP0348380B1 EP 0348380 B1 EP0348380 B1 EP 0348380B1 EP 89890163 A EP89890163 A EP 89890163A EP 89890163 A EP89890163 A EP 89890163A EP 0348380 B1 EP0348380 B1 EP 0348380B1
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iron
content
weight
alloy
carbides
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EP0348380A1 (en
EP0348380B2 (en
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Alfred Dr. Kulmburg
Johann Dipl.-Ing. Stamberger
Hubert Dipl.-Ing. Lenger
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Boehler Edelstahl alpha Edelstahl Gmbh boehle GmbH
Boehler GmbH Germany
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Boehler GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of an iron-based alloy with a special composition as a material for the powder metallurgical production of parts with high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high toughness and pressure resistance, preferably for plastic molds, machine parts and tools for non-cutting shaping.
  • parts with high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high toughness and pressure resistance preferably for plastic molds, machine parts and tools for non-cutting shaping.
  • shaping parts are exposed to chemical and abrasive stresses at the same time, these parts having to have high material toughness, high pressure resistance and special material homogeneity due to the mechanical stresses.
  • Such requirements are placed, for example, on materials that are used in devices for pressing fiber-reinforced or filler-containing plastics.
  • Austenitic steels or chrome steels with a chromium content of approx. 18%, for example alloys according to DIN material no., are used for mechanical components such as screws etc. and also for forming and pressing tools, which are particularly exposed to corrosive stresses. 1.4528. Although such materials have sufficient corrosion resistance, the wear behavior is usually unsatisfactory in practical operation.
  • the invention is based on the object of avoiding the above disadvantages and, in particular, of creating materials which can be used advantageously for the plastics processing industry and which, due to a special composition when using certain manufacturing processes, provide high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high pressure resistance have good toughness properties.
  • the invention therefore relates to the use of an iron-based alloy with a composition in% by weight.
  • the matrix has a chromium content of at least 13% after hardening and tempering and the carbide content is at least 25% by volume, of which at least 5% by volume of the carbides are formed as MC carbides, the carbide grain size being less than 14 ⁇ m.
  • the material has a niobium content of 0.2 to 3.0 and / or a titanium content of 0.2 to 3.5 and / or a boron content of 0.001 to 0.002. It is particularly preferred if the value is formed from
  • the alloy according to the invention from a minimum value which takes into account the concentrations and the respective effect with the mutual influence of the carbide-forming elements chromium, vanadium, niobium and titanium and by which the wear resistance of the material in particular is determined, in certain narrow Limits set carbon contents and when using powder metallurgical manufacturing processes, materials that have high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high pressure resistance and high toughness at the same time and are advantageous, especially for the construction of plastic molds, can be used, the hardened and tempered state of the Chromium content in all areas of the matrix and the proportion as well as the composition and the grain size of the carbides can be adjusted according to the invention.
  • an alloy powder was produced in the gas atomization process. After the powder had been poured into a capsule with a diameter of 250 mm and the capsule had been evacuated and sealed gas-tight, it was thermoformed at 1110 ° C. using a 6-fold degree of deformation. After soft annealing at 880 to 900 ° C and slow cooling, plastic molds were made from the forging rod. The hardness of the material was approx. 280 HB. The parts were hardened after heating to a temperature of 1140 ° C. by cooling in a warm bath, whereupon a hardness value of 61 HRC was measured. After tempering at 540 ° C the material hardness was 59 HRC.
  • the wear behavior of the part was tested in the grinding wheel test, in which a steel disc rotates in a corundum-water mixture, against which the sample is pressed. The following wear conditions were applied:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

Use of an iron-based alloy for the production of sintered parts of high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high toughness and high compressive strength, in particular for processing plastics, having a composition, in % by weight, chromium 16.0-29.0, molybdenum 0.4-2.5, tungsten 0.3-2.0, vanadium 3.0-10.0, titanium up to 5.0, aluminium up to 1.0, boron up to 0.05, nitrogen 0.01-0.18, niobium up to 5.0, iron and preparation-related impurities as the remainder, the value formed from (% of Cr - 13) + 4.4 x (% of V - 3) + 2 x (% of Nb) + 4.2 x (% of Ti) being greater than 8.8, and the minimum carbon content of the alloy corresponding to the correlation Cmin = 0.3 + [(% of Cr - 13) x 0.06] + [(2 x % of Mo + W) x 0.03] + (% of V x 0.24) + (% of Nb x 0.13) + (% of Ti x 0.25) and the maximum carbon content of the alloy corresponds to the correlation Cmax = 0.7 + [(% of Cr - 13) x 0.06] + [(2 x % of Mo + W) x 0.03] + (% of V x 0.24) + (% of Nb x 0.13) + (% of Ti x 0.25), with the proviso that the matrix has a chromium content of at least 13% after hardening and annealing, and the carbide content is at least 25% by volume, the carbide grain size being less than 14 mu m and at least 5 % by volume of the carbides being in the form of MC carbides.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung mit spezieller Zusammensetzung als Werkstoff für die pulvermetallurgische Herstellung von Teilen mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit, hoher Verschleißfestigkeit sowie hoher Zähigkeit und Druckfestigkeit, vorzugsweise für Kunststofformen, Maschinenteile und Werkzeuge zur spanlosen Formgebung. Insbesondere in der Kunststoffindustrie sind formgebende Teile gleichzeitig chemischen und abrasiven Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt, wobei diese Teile aufgrund der mechanischen Beanspruchungen, gegebenenfalls hohe Materialzähigkeit, hohe Druckfestigkeit und besondere Werkstoffhomogenität aufweisen müssen. Derartige Anforderungen werden beispielsweise an Materialien gestellt, welche in Einrichtungen zum Verpressen von faserverstärkten oder Füllstoffe enthaltenden Kunststoffen eingesetzt werden.The invention relates to the use of an iron-based alloy with a special composition as a material for the powder metallurgical production of parts with high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high toughness and pressure resistance, preferably for plastic molds, machine parts and tools for non-cutting shaping. In the plastics industry in particular, shaping parts are exposed to chemical and abrasive stresses at the same time, these parts having to have high material toughness, high pressure resistance and special material homogeneity due to the mechanical stresses. Such requirements are placed, for example, on materials that are used in devices for pressing fiber-reinforced or filler-containing plastics.

Für Maschinenbauelemente, wie beispielsweise Schnecken etc. und auch für Umform- und Preßwerkzeuge, welche insbesondere korrosiven Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, werden austenitische Stähle oder Chromstähle mit einem Chromgehalt von ca. 18 %, beispielsweise Legierungen nach DIN Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4528, verwendet. Derartige Werkstoffe weisen zwar eine ausreichende Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf, das Verschleißverhalten ist jedoch zumeist im praktischen Betrieb nicht befriedigend.Austenitic steels or chrome steels with a chromium content of approx. 18%, for example alloys according to DIN material no., Are used for mechanical components such as screws etc. and also for forming and pressing tools, which are particularly exposed to corrosive stresses. 1.4528. Although such materials have sufficient corrosion resistance, the wear behavior is usually unsatisfactory in practical operation.

Um die Verschleißfestigkeit und die Härte des Stahles zu verbessern bzw. zu erhöhen, wurde auch versucht, durch höhere Kohlenstoffgehalte den Karbidanteil der Legierung zu vergrößern. Diese Stähle, beispielsweise Legierungen nach DIN Werkstoff-Nr. 1.2080 und Werkstoff-Nr. 1.2379, mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von ca. 2 % und einem Chromgehalt von ca. 12 % haben eine verbesserte Verschleißfestigkeit, sind jedoch für korrosive Beanspruchungen weniger geeignet, wobei die Teile aufgrund einer gegebenenfalls ungünstigen Karbidstruktur sich anisotropisch verhalten, spröde sind bzw. eine hohe Bruchneigung aufweisen, wobei auch zumeist keine ausreichende Formbeständigkeit bei der Wärmebehandlung gegeben ist.In order to improve or increase the wear resistance and hardness of the steel, attempts have also been made to increase the carbide content of the alloy by increasing the carbon content. These steels, for example alloys according to DIN material no. 1.2080 and material no. 1.2379, with a carbon content of approx. 2% and a chromium content of approx. 12% have an improved wear resistance, but are less suitable for corrosive stresses, whereby the parts behave anisotropically due to a possibly unfavorable carbide structure, are brittle or have a high tendency to break have, whereby usually there is not sufficient dimensional stability in the heat treatment.

Es wurde auch vorgeschlagen, Stähle zu verwenden, welche äußerst weite Bereichsgrenzen in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, insbesondere für den Kohlenstoffgehalt, den Chromgehalt und den Vanadingehalt aufweisen, wobei jedoch keinerlei Hinweise gegeben wurden, wie eine Legierung, die eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit mit ausreichenden Zähigkeitseigenschaften und hoher Druckfestigkeit aufweist, zusammengesetzt sein muß. Auch der Fachmann konnte daraus keine Lehre entnehmen, wie und wodurch eine Kombination der geforderten Materialeigenschaften erzielbar ist.It has also been proposed to use steels which have extremely wide range limits in their chemical composition, in particular for the carbon content, the chromium content and the vanadium content, but no indications have been given, such as an alloy which has a high corrosion resistance and a high wear resistance has sufficient toughness properties and high compressive strength, must be composed. Even the person skilled in the art could not learn from this how and how a combination of the required material properties can be achieved.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, obige Nachteile zu vermeiden und insbesondere für die kunststoffverarbeitende Industrie vorteilhaft verwendbare Werkstoffe zu schaffen, die durch eine spezielle Zusammensetzung bei Anwendung bestimmter Herstellverfahren eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit und eine hohe Druckfestigkeit bei guten Zähigkeitseigenschaften aufweisen.Proceeding from this prior art, the invention is based on the object of avoiding the above disadvantages and, in particular, of creating materials which can be used advantageously for the plastics processing industry and which, due to a special composition when using certain manufacturing processes, provide high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and high pressure resistance have good toughness properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung einer Eisenbasislegierung mit einer Zusammensetzung in Gew.-%

Figure imgb0001
This object is achieved by the invention. The invention therefore relates to the use of an iron-based alloy with a composition in% by weight.
Figure imgb0001

Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen als Rest,Iron and manufacturing-related impurities as the rest,

wobei der Wert, gebildet aus

Figure imgb0002
größer als 8,8 ist und der minimale Kohlenstoffgehalt der Legierung entsprechend dem Zusammenhang
Figure imgb0003
und der maximale Kohlenstoffgehalt der Legierung entsprechend dem Zusammenhang
Figure imgb0004
beträgt, zur pulvermetallurgischen Herstellung von Teilen mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit, hoher Verschleißfestigkeit sowie hoher Zähigkeit und hoher Druckfestigkeit, insbesondere für Kunststofformen, Maschinenteile und Werkzeuge zur spanlosen Formgebung mit der Maßgabe, daß die Matrix nach dem Härten und Anlassen einen Chromgehalt von mindestens 13 % aufweist und der Karbidgehalt mindestens 25 Vol.-% von welchem mindestens 5 Vol.-% der Karbide als MC-Karbide ausgebildet sind, beträgt, wobei die Karbidkorngröße kleiner als 14 µm ist. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Legierungsanteile in Gew.-%
Figure imgb0005
betragen, wobei in weiteren Ausführungsformen der Werkstoff einen Niobgehaltvon 0,2 bis 3,0 und/odereinen Titangehalt von 0,2 bis 3,5 und/oder einen Borgehalt von 0,001 bis 0,002 aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt ist, wenn der Wert, gebildet aus
Figure imgb0006
 being the value formed from
Figure imgb0002
 is greater than 8.8 and the minimum carbon content of the alloy according to the relationship
Figure imgb0003
 and the maximum carbon content of the alloy according to the relationship
Figure imgb0004
 is for powder metallurgical production of parts with high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance as well as high toughness and high pressure resistance, in particular for plastic molds, machine parts and tools for non-cutting shaping with the proviso that the matrix has a chromium content of at least 13% after hardening and tempering and the carbide content is at least 25% by volume, of which at least 5% by volume of the carbides are formed as MC carbides, the carbide grain size being less than 14 μm. It is preferred if the alloy proportions in% by weight
Figure imgb0005
 In further embodiments, the material has a niobium content of 0.2 to 3.0 and / or a titanium content of 0.2 to 3.5 and / or a boron content of 0.001 to 0.002. It is particularly preferred if the value is formed from
Figure imgb0006

mindestens 10,0 beträgt.is at least 10.0.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, daß die erfindungsgemäße Legierung ab einem Mindestwert, der die Konzentrationen und die jeweilige Wirkung mit der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung der karbidbildenden Elemente Chrom, Vanadin, Niob und titan berücksichtigt und durch den insbesondere die Verschleißfestigkeit des Werkstoffes bestimmt ist, bei bestimmten in engen Grenzen eingestellten Kohlenstoffgehalten und bei Anwendung pulvermetallurgischer Herstellverfahren, Werkstoffe ergibt, die gleichzeitig eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit, eine hohe Druckbeständigkeit und eine hohe Zähigkeit aufweiseen und vorteilhaft, insbesondere für den Bau von Kunststofformen, einsetzbar sind, wobei im gehärteten und angelassenen Zustand der Chromgehalt in allen Bereichen der Matrix und der Anteil sowie die Zusammensetzung und die Korngröße der Karbide erfindungsgemäß eingestellt werden können.Surprisingly, it has been shown that the alloy according to the invention from a minimum value which takes into account the concentrations and the respective effect with the mutual influence of the carbide-forming elements chromium, vanadium, niobium and titanium and by which the wear resistance of the material in particular is determined, in certain narrow Limits set carbon contents and when using powder metallurgical manufacturing processes, materials that have high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, high pressure resistance and high toughness at the same time and are advantageous, especially for the construction of plastic molds, can be used, the hardened and tempered state of the Chromium content in all areas of the matrix and the proportion as well as the composition and the grain size of the carbides can be adjusted according to the invention.

Beschreibung der Legierung bzw. der Wirkung der Legierungselemente:

  • Silizium als Desoxidationsmittel beeinflußt die Zusammensetzung der Oxide und kann in geringen Konzentrationen vorteilhaft für eine gute Polierbarkeit der aus der Legierung gefertigten Teile sein. Gehalte über 1 Gew.-% wirken jedoch nachteilig auf das Erstarrungsverhalten und gegebenenfalls auf die Umwandlungsvorgänge bei der Wärmebehandlung. Mangangehalte bis zu 1 Gew.-% sind gegebenenfalls bei Schwefelgehalten bis 0,03 Gew.-% wichtig, um den Schwefel als Sulfid abzubinden und dadurch die Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes zu verbessern. Phosphor wirkt versprödend und soll im Stahl so niedrig wie möglich, jedoch unter 0,03 Gew.-%, vorliegen. Chrom wirkt als Legierungselement, das ab einem Gehalt von ca. 13 Gew.-% in der Matrix eine Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes bewirkt. Gleichzeitig ist Chrom ein Karbidbildner, der mit Kohlenstoff bei bestimmten Kohlenstoffaktivitäten und bei Anwesenheit von Molybdän und Vanadin neben M7C3 Karbiden auch M23C6 Karbide bilden kann. Es ist somit wichtig, daß der Stahl mindestens 16 Gew.-% Chrom enthält, höchstens jedoch einen Gehalt von 29 Gew.-% Chrom aufweist, weil höhere Chromkonzentrationen zu einer Versprödung des Werkstoffes führen. Molybdän in Gehalten von 0,4 bis 2,5 Gew.-% und Wolfram in Gehalten von 0,3 bis 2,0 Gew.-% bewirken einen Sekundärhärteanstieg bei der Wärmebehandlung durch die Bildung feiner Karbide und sind für die Einstellung der Kohlenstoffaktivität der Legierung wichtig. Vanadium als starker Karbidbildner bewirkt insbesondere in Gehalten über 0,7 bis 3 Gew.-% die Entstehung von MC-Karbiden. Höhere Gehalte, insbesondere über 10 %, führen zwar zu einer Verbesserung der Verschleißfestigkeit, die Zähigkeit der Teile wird jedoch wesentlich verschlechtert. Titan bis 5 Gew.-% verbessert die Verschleißfestigkeit des Werkstoffes, insbesondere durch eine MC-Karbidbildung. Aufgrund einer Nitridbildung wirken Stickstoffgehalte ab 0,01 % kornfeinend bzw. verhindern ein Kornwachstum beim Glühen bei hohen Temperaturen, wodurch ein Abfall der Zähigkeit der Legierung vermieden wird. Weiters kann durch Stickstoffkonzentrationen bis 0,18% insbesondere die Verschleißfestigkeit verbessert werden. Aluminium kann als Element mit hoher Sauerstoffaffinität und hoher Stickstoffaffinität in Konzentrationen bis 1 Gew.-% zur Einstellung niedriger Sauerstoffgehalte des Stahles und zur Vermeidung des Kornwachstumes zulegiert sein, wobei auch vorteilhafte Wirkungen auf das Umwandlungsverhalten und die Zähigkeit des Werkstoffes erzielbar sind. Es wurde auch gefunden, daß für die Einstellung der gewünschten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Teiles ein Mindestwert der Legierung, gebildet aus den Konzentrationen der karbid- und nitridbildenden Elemente Chrom, Wolfram, Niob, Titan und bestimmten Wirkungsfaktoren dieser Elemente erforderlich ist, wobei durch eine Erhöhung dieses Wertes eine Verbesserung der Verschleißfestigkeit und der Druckfestigkeit bei gering abfallender Zähigkeit bewirkt wird. Weiters ist es wichtig, daß der Kohlenstoffgehalt in engen Grenzen in Abhängigkeit von den Gehalten und von bestimmten Wirkungsparametern der karbidbildenden Elemente im Stahl eingestellt wird, um die gewünschten Eigenschaften der Teile zu erhalten. Dadurch werden einerseits für eine Matrixhärtung und zum Erhalt hoher Druckfestigkeit M7C3, M23C6 und M6C Karbide und zur Einstellung hoher Verschleißfestigkeit MC-Karbide gebildet, wobei jedoch andererseits ein für die Korrosionsbeständigkeit erforderlicher Chromgehalt von größer als 13 % in allen Bereichen der Matrix vorliegt. Eine pulvermetallurgische Herstellung der Teile ist wesentlich, weil dadurch deren Isotropie der Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes wesentlich verbessert wird und die Korngröße der Ausscheidungen bzw. intermetallischen Phasen klein gehalten werden kann. Karbide mit Korngrößen über 14 µm verschlechtern wesentlich die mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die Biegefestigkeit der Teile. Die Pulverherstellung kann dabei mit allen geeigneten Verfahren, insbesondere mit Gasverdüsungsverfahren erfolgen, wonach gegebenenfalls ein Kompaktieren durch heißisostatisches Pressen und/oder durch Warmverformung des Pulvers in geeigneten Umhüllungen durchgeführt wird.
Description of the alloy or the effect of the alloying elements:
  • Silicon as a deoxidizing agent influences the composition of the oxides and, in low concentrations, can be advantageous for good polishability of the parts made from the alloy. Levels above 1% by weight, however, have an adverse effect on the solidification behavior and, if appropriate, on the conversion processes during the heat treatment. Manganese contents of up to 1% by weight may be important for sulfur contents of up to 0.03% by weight in order to bind the sulfur as sulfide and thereby improve the toughness of the material. Phosphorus has an embrittling effect and should be present in the steel as low as possible, but below 0.03% by weight. Chromium acts as an alloying element which, from a content of approx. 13% by weight in the matrix, makes the material resistant to corrosion. At the same time, chromium is a carbide former that can form M 23 C 6 carbides with carbon in certain carbon activities and in the presence of molybdenum and vanadium in addition to M 7 C 3 carbides. It is therefore important that the steel contains at least 16% by weight of chromium, but at most contains 29% by weight of chromium, because higher chromium concentrations lead to embrittlement of the material. Molybdenum in contents of 0.4 to 2.5% by weight and tungsten in Levels of 0.3 to 2.0% by weight cause an increase in secondary hardness in the heat treatment due to the formation of fine carbides and are important for adjusting the carbon activity of the alloy. Vanadium, as a strong carbide former, causes the formation of MC carbides, especially at levels above 0.7 to 3% by weight. Higher contents, in particular over 10%, lead to an improvement in wear resistance, but the toughness of the parts deteriorates considerably. Titanium up to 5% by weight improves the wear resistance of the material, in particular through MC carbide formation. Due to nitride formation, nitrogen contents from 0.01% have a grain-refining effect or prevent grain growth during annealing at high temperatures, thereby avoiding a drop in the toughness of the alloy. Furthermore, wear resistance can be improved by nitrogen concentrations up to 0.18%. Aluminum can be alloyed as an element with a high affinity for oxygen and a high affinity for nitrogen in concentrations of up to 1% by weight to adjust the low oxygen content of the steel and to avoid grain growth, whereby advantageous effects on the conversion behavior and the toughness of the material can also be achieved. It has also been found that a minimum value of the alloy formed from the concentrations of the carbide and nitride-forming elements chromium, tungsten, niobium, titanium and certain action factors of these elements is required for the setting of the desired mechanical properties of the part, by increasing this Worth an improvement in wear resistance and compressive strength with a slight decrease in toughness. Furthermore, it is important that the carbon content is set within narrow limits depending on the contents and on certain operating parameters of the carbide-forming elements in the steel in order to obtain the desired properties of the parts. On the one hand, this results in M 7 C 3 , M 23 C 6 and M 6 C carbides for matrix hardening and for maintaining high compressive strength and for setting high wear resistance, MC carbides, but on the other hand, a chromium content of more than 13% in required for corrosion resistance all areas of the matrix are present. A powder-metallurgical production of the parts is essential because this significantly improves their isotropy of the properties of the material and the grain size of the precipitates or intermetallic phases can be kept small. Carbides with grain sizes over 14 µm significantly impair the mechanical properties, in particular the bending strength of the parts. The powder can be produced using all suitable processes, in particular using gas atomization processes, after which, if appropriate, compacting is carried out by hot-isostatic pressing and / or by hot-working the powder in suitable casings.

Die Erfindung wird zwecks weiterer Verdeutlichung anhand eines Beispieles nachfolgend beschrieben. Aus einer Schmelze mit folgenden Gehalten in Gew.-%

Figure imgb0007
und einer entsprechend eingestellten Kohlenstoffkonzentration von 1,9 sowie
Figure imgb0008
 The invention is described below for the purpose of further clarification using an example. From a melt with the following contents in% by weight
Figure imgb0007
 and a correspondingly set carbon concentration of 1.9 and
Figure imgb0008

Eisen und herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen als RestIron and manufacturing-related impurities as the rest

wurde im Gasverdüsungsverfahren ein Legierungspulver hergestellt. Nach dem Einfüllen des Pulvers in eine Kapsel mit einem Durchmesser von 250 mm und dem Evakuieren und gasdichten Abschließen der Kapsel erfolgte eine Warmverformung bei 1110°C unter Anwendung eines 6-fachen Verformungsgrades. Nach einem Weichglühen bei 880 bis 900°C und langsamen Abkühlen wurden aus dem Schmiedestab Kunststofformen hergestellt. Die Härte des Materials lag dabei bei ca. 280 HB. Das Härten der Teile erfolgte nach einem Aufheizen auf eine Temperatur von 1140°C durch Abkühlung im Warmbad, worauf ein Härtewert von 61 HRC gemessen wurde. Nach dem Anlassen bei einer Temperatur von 540°C lag die Materialhärte bei 59 HRC. Die mittlere Biegebruchfestigkeit, quer zur Verformungsrichtung, betrug 3,5 Kilo N/mm2 und lag somit wesentlich über jenen Werten, die an konventionell gefertigten Teilen mit vergleichbarer Härte gemessen wurden. Zur Ermittlung der Druckfestigkeit wurde die 0,2 % Stauchgrenze herangezogen, wobei der Wert bei 2015 N/mm2 lag. Die Prüfung des Verschleißverhaltens des Teiles erfolgte im Schleifradtest, bei dem in einem Korund-Wasser-Gemisch sich eine Stahlscheibe dreht, gegen welche die Probe gedrückt wird. Folgende Verschleißbedingungen wurden angewendet:

Figure imgb0009
an alloy powder was produced in the gas atomization process. After the powder had been poured into a capsule with a diameter of 250 mm and the capsule had been evacuated and sealed gas-tight, it was thermoformed at 1110 ° C. using a 6-fold degree of deformation. After soft annealing at 880 to 900 ° C and slow cooling, plastic molds were made from the forging rod. The hardness of the material was approx. 280 HB. The parts were hardened after heating to a temperature of 1140 ° C. by cooling in a warm bath, whereupon a hardness value of 61 HRC was measured. After tempering at 540 ° C the material hardness was 59 HRC. The mean bending strength, transverse to the direction of deformation, was 3.5 kilo N / mm 2 and was thus significantly higher than the values measured on conventionally manufactured parts with comparable hardness. The 0.2% compression limit was used to determine the compressive strength, the value being 2015 N / mm 2 . The wear behavior of the part was tested in the grinding wheel test, in which a steel disc rotates in a corundum-water mixture, against which the sample is pressed. The following wear conditions were applied:
Figure imgb0009

Bei der Erprobung wurde nach einer Zeit vom 100 sec. ein spezifischer Verschleiß (relativ zum hoch verschleißfesten, jedoch weniger korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoff mit einer Zusammensetzung von 2,3 % C, 12,5 % Cr, 1,1 % Mo, 4,0 % V) von 200 %, nach 1000 h 128 % und nach 10.000 h 120 % festgestellt. Das Korrosionsverhalten des Werkstoffes wurde im Salzsprühtest ermittelt, wobei die korrodierte Oberfläche in % nach 480 min. einen Wert von 50 ergab. Eine weitere Prüfung des Korrosionsverhaltens in 20 %iger Essigsäure über einen Zeitraum von 24 h erbrachte einen Wert von 6,98 g/m2 h. Die metallographischen, elektronenmikroskopischen und röntgenanalytischen Untersuchungen ergaben, daß der Karbidanteil ca. 39 Vol.-% betrug, wovon ca. 10 Vol.-% als MC-Karbide vorlagen, wobei die maximale Karbidkorngröße 10 µm aufwies.During the test, specific wear (relative to the highly wear-resistant but less corrosion-resistant material with a composition of 2.3% C, 12.5% Cr, 1.1% Mo, 4.0%) was found after a period of 100 seconds. V) of 200%, 128% after 1000 h and 120% after 10,000 h. The corrosion behavior of the material was determined in the salt spray test, the corroded surface in% after 480 min. gave a value of 50. A further test of the corrosion behavior in 20% acetic acid over a period of 24 h yielded a value of 6.98 g / m 2 h. The metallographic, electron microscopic and X-ray analyzes showed that the carbide content was approximately 39% by volume, of which approximately 10% by volume was present as MC carbides, the maximum carbide grain size being 10 µm.

Claims (7)

1. Use of an iron-based alloy with a composition in percent by weight of
Figure imgb0016
Figure imgb0017
iron and impurities caused by the preparation as the rest, the value formed from
Figure imgb0018
being greater than 8.8 and the minimum carbon content of the alloy in accordance with the relationship amounting to
Figure imgb0019
and the maximum carbon content of the alloy in accordance with the relationship amounting to
Figure imgb0020
for the powder-metallurgical production of parts with high corrosion resistance and high wear-resistance and a high degree of toughness and a high degree of compressive strength, in particular for plastic moulds, machine parts and tools for non-cutting shaping, provided that the matrix after hardening and tempering has a chromium content of at least 13% and the carbide content amounts to at least 25% by volumes, of which at least 5% by volume of the carbides are formed as MC carbides, the carbides grain size being less than 14 µm.
2. Use of an iron-based alloy according to Claim 1, characterized in that the alloy has a composition in percent by weight of
Figure imgb0021
iron and impurities caused by the preparation as the rest.
3. Use of an iron-based alloy according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value formed from
Figure imgb0022
is greater than 10.0.
4. Use of an iron-based alloy according to one of Claims 1 to 3, with a niobium content in percentage by weight of from 0.2 to 3.0.
5. Use of an iron-based alloy according to one of Claims 1 to4, with a titanium content in percentage by weight of from 0.2 to 3.5.
6. Use of an iron-based according to one of Claims 1 to 5, with a boron content in percentage by weight of from 0.001 to 0.002.
7. Use of an iron-based according to one of Claims 1 to 6, with a carbon content in percentage by weight of at least 1.8, but at most 6.2.
EP89890163A 1988-06-21 1989-06-14 Use of an iron-base alloy in the manufacture of sintered parts with a high corrosion resistance, a high wear resistance as well as a high toughness and compression strength, especially for use in the processing of synthetic materials Expired - Lifetime EP0348380B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AT1599/88 1988-06-21
AT0159988A AT393642B (en) 1988-06-21 1988-06-21 USE OF AN IRON BASED ALLOY FOR THE POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF PARTS WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HIGH TENSITY AND PRESSURE STRENGTH, ESPECIALLY FOR THE PROCESS

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EP0348380B1 true EP0348380B1 (en) 1992-11-19
EP0348380B2 EP0348380B2 (en) 1996-04-17

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EP0348380A1 (en) 1989-12-27
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PT90925B (en) 1997-10-31
ZA894703B (en) 1992-01-29
ATA159988A (en) 1991-05-15
JP2583451B2 (en) 1997-02-19
ATE82595T1 (en) 1992-12-15
PT90925A (en) 1989-12-29
EP0348380B2 (en) 1996-04-17
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DE58902742D1 (en) 1992-12-24
ES2052971T5 (en) 1996-10-01

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