US20030155045A1 - Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts - Google Patents
Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030155045A1 US20030155045A1 US10/358,946 US35894603A US2003155045A1 US 20030155045 A1 US20030155045 A1 US 20030155045A1 US 35894603 A US35894603 A US 35894603A US 2003155045 A1 US2003155045 A1 US 2003155045A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- alloy
- metal oxide
- oxide layer
- solid lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001203 Alloy 20 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004813 Perfluoroalkoxy alkane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920011301 perfluoro alkoxyl alkane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/80—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
Definitions
- Stainless steel is stainless because of the thin, coherent chromium oxide film which inherently forms when the steel is exposed to air.
- Low temperature carburization of stainless steel parts such as those made from AISI 316 and 316L stainless steels, usually leaves the part surfaces coated with a layer of soot. Before use this soot is usually removed by washing.
- carbon monoxide or other oxygen-containing gas is used as the carbon source in low temperature carburization, not only does soot form but in addition a heavy oxide film also forms. This heavy oxide film is considerably different from the coherent chromium oxide film which makes stainless steel stainless in that it is thicker and not coherent. Therefore, this film is also removed before use to uncover the part's carburized surface.
- this heavy oxide film because of its porous structure, serves as an ideal anchor for solid lubricants. Accordingly, it is possible in accordance with the present invention to provide stainless steel parts which are not only exceptionally hard and exceptionally corrosion resistance but which also exhibit enhanced and sustained surface slipperiness as well.
- the present invention provides a new article of manufacture comprising a stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an adherent, non-coherent metal oxide layer on the carbide surface and a solid lubricant on the metal oxide layer.
- the present invention also provides a new process of manufacture comprising applying a solid lubricant to the metal oxide layer of a stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an adherent, non-coherent metal oxide layer on the carbide surface.
- the present invention is applicable to all types of stainless steels.
- stainless steel is a steel which forms a coherent chromium oxide coating when exposed to air.
- most stainless steels contain at least about 16 wt. % chromium Preferred are substantially or partially austenite.
- AISI 316, 316L, 317, 317L and 304 stainless steels alloy 600, alloy C-276 and alloy 20 Cb, Nitronic alloy, alloy 58, alloy 825, alloy 254 SmO to name a few examples.
- low temperature carburization of stainless steel parts when done using an oxygen containing gas, leaves the carburized surface carrying a layer of soot as well as a porous, i.e. non-coherent, adherent metal oxide layer.
- this metal oxide layer is composed of chromium oxide, although other metal oxides can be present.
- this metal oxide layer is removed together with or independently of the soot layer which also forms.
- this heavy metal oxide layer is left on at least a portion of the part surfaces, since it has been found that this metal oxide layer serves as an ideal anchor for bonding subsequently applied solid lubricants.
- this metal oxide layer can be formed using carbon monoxide as the predominant carbon source for carburization.
- Carburization gases in which carbon monoxide accounts for at least about 75%, 85%, 95% or even 100% of the carbon source for carburization are especially interesting.
- the oxide layer will be about 200 to 400 Angstroms thick, although thinner and thicker layers can also be used so long as they serve to anchor the applied solid lubricant in the manner indicated herein.
- Removal of the soot layer which forms during low temperature carburization can be done in a conventional manner. For example, washing the carburized part aqueously with ultrasonics will effectively remove all or substantially all the soot without adversely affecting the metal oxide layer in any significant way.
- a solid lubricant is applied to the metal oxide layer formed by low temperature carburization.
- any solid lubricant can be used.
- Many such solid lubricants are well known. Some are particulate in form while other are supplied larger in size. A few examples are graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), halogenated polymers such as PFA, PTFE, PCTFE and the like.
- Examples of commercially available solid lubricants include Dow Corning® 321 Dry Film Lubricant available from Dow Coming Corporation of Midland, Mich. and Slickote® Dry Lube 100 available from Trans Chem Coatings, of Monrovia, Calif.
- These lubricants can be used not combined with another material, or mixed with another material such as a resinous carrier or the like. In addition, they can be used in essentially any solid form including powders, granules, pastes and bulk solids.
- the solid lubricants of the present invention can be applied to the metal oxide layer by any standard method such as by hand, such as by rubbing, by aerosol or air spraying or by automatic equipment. Any coating thickness can be used which will provide lubricating properties. Solid lubricant thicknesses exceeding standard class 2 thread clearances are usually not required.
- the lubricant can also be heated to enhance its adhesion.
- some lubricants especially those supplied in a resinous binder, can be heated to effect cure of the binder.
- Slickote® Dry Lube 100 can be heated following manufacturer's instructions to 300° F. for 1 hour, for example.
- the present invention can be used anywhere it is desirable to enhance the surface slipperiness of case hardened, corrosion resistant stainless steel parts.
- Particular examples are nuts, bolts, gears, valves, connectors, fasteners, ferrules and the like whose bearing surfaces have been case hardened by low temperature carburization. Because of the lubricant, these surfaces slide easier, thereby reducing stress imparted by resistance to sliding movement. Moreover, because of the anchoring nature of the metal oxide layer, the lubricant remains effective far longer than would be the case if the lubricant were applied to a comparable product whose metal oxide layer were removed first.
- the present invention finds particular utility in making stainless steel nuts having case hardened threads lubricated in accordance with the present invention. Because of the lubricant, less pull-up torque is required during tightening as compared to a similar case hardened nut without lubricant. Moreover, this enhanced lubricating effect is retained longer than a lubricated nut made in a conventional manner, i.e. by removing the metal oxide layer before applying the lubricant, because the metal layer anchors the lubricant in place even after repeated use. Thus, nuts made in accordance with the present invention can withstand repeated fitting remakes (i.e., loosenings and retightenings of the nut) without being removed or replaced.
Abstract
The surfaces of a stainless steel part are made harder without sacrificing corrosion resistance by subjecting the part to low temperature carburization. The soot layer formed as a by-product of carburization is then removed without removing the non-coherent metal oxide layer which also forms as a by-product. A solid lubricant is then applied to reduce the coefficient of friction of the carburized surface. The by-product metal oxide layer acts as an anchor keeping the solid lubricant in place.
Description
- This document is based on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/354,594, filed Feb. 5, 2002, the benefit of which is hereby claimed and the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,303 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/494,093, filed Jan. 28, 2000, describe processes for increasing the hardness of stainless steel parts without sacrificing corrosion resistance by carburizing the parts at low temperatures, e.g., temperatures less than about 1000° F. See, also U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,483, U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,510, U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,282, EPO 0787817 and Japanese Patent Document 9-14019 (Kokai 9-268364). The disclosures of each of these documents is incorporated herein by reference. As taught in these patents, the corrosion resistance of such parts is maintained because formation of carbide precipitates, which occurs during conventional carburization at higher temperatures, is substantially avoided.
- Stainless steel is stainless because of the thin, coherent chromium oxide film which inherently forms when the steel is exposed to air. Low temperature carburization of stainless steel parts, such as those made from AISI 316 and 316L stainless steels, usually leaves the part surfaces coated with a layer of soot. Before use this soot is usually removed by washing. When carbon monoxide or other oxygen-containing gas is used as the carbon source in low temperature carburization, not only does soot form but in addition a heavy oxide film also forms. This heavy oxide film is considerably different from the coherent chromium oxide film which makes stainless steel stainless in that it is thicker and not coherent. Therefore, this film is also removed before use to uncover the part's carburized surface.
- In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that this heavy oxide film, because of its porous structure, serves as an ideal anchor for solid lubricants. Accordingly, it is possible in accordance with the present invention to provide stainless steel parts which are not only exceptionally hard and exceptionally corrosion resistance but which also exhibit enhanced and sustained surface slipperiness as well.
- Thus, the present invention provides a new article of manufacture comprising a stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an adherent, non-coherent metal oxide layer on the carbide surface and a solid lubricant on the metal oxide layer.
- In addition, the present invention also provides a new process of manufacture comprising applying a solid lubricant to the metal oxide layer of a stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an adherent, non-coherent metal oxide layer on the carbide surface.
- Stainless Steel Substrate
- The present invention is applicable to all types of stainless steels. As well known, stainless steel is a steel which forms a coherent chromium oxide coating when exposed to air. To this end, most stainless steels contain at least about 16 wt. % chromium Preferred are substantially or partially austenite. Of special interest are AISI 316, 316L, 317, 317L and 304 stainless steels, alloy 600, alloy C-276 and alloy 20 Cb, Nitronic alloy, alloy 58, alloy 825, alloy 254 SmO to name a few examples.
- Formation of Metal Oxide Layer
- As indicated above, low temperature carburization of stainless steel parts, when done using an oxygen containing gas, leaves the carburized surface carrying a layer of soot as well as a porous, i.e. non-coherent, adherent metal oxide layer. Normally, this metal oxide layer is composed of chromium oxide, although other metal oxides can be present. In conventional practice, this metal oxide layer is removed together with or independently of the soot layer which also forms. In accordance with the present invention, however, this heavy metal oxide layer is left on at least a portion of the part surfaces, since it has been found that this metal oxide layer serves as an ideal anchor for bonding subsequently applied solid lubricants.
- The particular conditions under which this metal oxide layer can be formed are already well known in the art, since this formation occurs to a greater or lesser degree during low temperature carburization when carbon monoxide or other oxygen containing gas is present in the carburizing gas. Especially heavy (i.e., thick) metal oxide layers can be obtained by using carbon monoxide as the predominant carbon source for carburization. Carburization gases in which carbon monoxide accounts for at least about 75%, 85%, 95% or even 100% of the carbon source for carburization are especially interesting.
- Other approaches that can be used for fostering the formation of this metal oxide coating during carburization are small percentages of CO 2, H2O, etc.
- Normally, the oxide layer will be about 200 to 400 Angstroms thick, although thinner and thicker layers can also be used so long as they serve to anchor the applied solid lubricant in the manner indicated herein.
- Removal of Soot Layer
- Removal of the soot layer which forms during low temperature carburization can be done in a conventional manner. For example, washing the carburized part aqueously with ultrasonics will effectively remove all or substantially all the soot without adversely affecting the metal oxide layer in any significant way.
- Solid Lubricants
- In accordance with the present invention, a solid lubricant is applied to the metal oxide layer formed by low temperature carburization.
- For this purpose, essentially any solid lubricant can be used. Many such solid lubricants are well known. Some are particulate in form while other are supplied larger in size. A few examples are graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), halogenated polymers such as PFA, PTFE, PCTFE and the like. Examples of commercially available solid lubricants include Dow Corning® 321 Dry Film Lubricant available from Dow Coming Corporation of Midland, Mich. and Slickote® Dry Lube 100 available from Trans Chem Coatings, of Monrovia, Calif.
- These lubricants can be used not combined with another material, or mixed with another material such as a resinous carrier or the like. In addition, they can be used in essentially any solid form including powders, granules, pastes and bulk solids.
- Application of Solid Lubricants
- The solid lubricants of the present invention can be applied to the metal oxide layer by any standard method such as by hand, such as by rubbing, by aerosol or air spraying or by automatic equipment. Any coating thickness can be used which will provide lubricating properties. Solid lubricant thicknesses exceeding standard class 2 thread clearances are usually not required.
- If appropriate, the lubricant can also be heated to enhance its adhesion. For example, some lubricants, especially those supplied in a resinous binder, can be heated to effect cure of the binder. For example, Slickote® Dry Lube 100 can be heated following manufacturer's instructions to 300° F. for 1 hour, for example.
- Utility
- The present invention can be used anywhere it is desirable to enhance the surface slipperiness of case hardened, corrosion resistant stainless steel parts. Particular examples are nuts, bolts, gears, valves, connectors, fasteners, ferrules and the like whose bearing surfaces have been case hardened by low temperature carburization. Because of the lubricant, these surfaces slide easier, thereby reducing stress imparted by resistance to sliding movement. Moreover, because of the anchoring nature of the metal oxide layer, the lubricant remains effective far longer than would be the case if the lubricant were applied to a comparable product whose metal oxide layer were removed first.
- The present invention finds particular utility in making stainless steel nuts having case hardened threads lubricated in accordance with the present invention. Because of the lubricant, less pull-up torque is required during tightening as compared to a similar case hardened nut without lubricant. Moreover, this enhanced lubricating effect is retained longer than a lubricated nut made in a conventional manner, i.e. by removing the metal oxide layer before applying the lubricant, because the metal layer anchors the lubricant in place even after repeated use. Thus, nuts made in accordance with the present invention can withstand repeated fitting remakes (i.e., loosenings and retightenings of the nut) without being removed or replaced.
- Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be appreciated that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, which is to be limited only by the following claims:
Claims (16)
1. A stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an metal oxide layer on the carburized surface and a solid lubricant on the metal oxide layer.
2. The stainless steel part of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer is a by-product of the carburization reaction used for forming the carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates.
3. The stainless steel part of claim 1 , wherein the solid lubricant is graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or a halogenated polymer.
4. The stainless steel part of claim 1 , wherein the solid lubricant is particulate in form and includes a binder.
5. The stainless steel part of claim 1 , wherein the carburized surface is a bearing surface.
6. The stainless steel part of claim 5 , wherein the part is a nut.
7. The stainless steel part of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel is substantially or partially austenite.
8. The stainless steel part of claim 7 , wherein the stainless steel is AISI 316, 316L, 317, 317L and 304 stainless steels, alloy 600, alloy C-276 and alloy-20 Cb, Nitronic alloy, alloy-58, alloy-825, alloy-254 SmO.
9. A process for enhancing the slipperiness of the carburized surface of a stainless steel part, the carburized surface being produced by low temperature carburization whereby the carburized surface is substantially free of carbide precipitates, the process comprising coating the metal oxide layer produced as a by-product of carburization with a solid lubricant.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein a soot layer on the metal oxide layer is also formed as a by-product of carburization, the process further including removing the soot layer without substantially removing the metal oxide layer before application of the solid lubricant.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein the stainless steel is substantially or partially austenite.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the stainless steel is AISI 316, 316L, 317, 317L and 304 stainless steels, alloy 600, alloy C-276 and alloy-20 Cb, Nitronic alloy, alloy-58, alloy-825, alloy-254 SmO.
13. The process of claim 9 , wherein the solid lubricant is graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene or a halogenated polymer.
14. The process of claim 9 , wherein the solid lubricant is particulate in form and includes a binder.
15. The process of claim 9 , wherein the carburized surface is a bearing surface.
16. A stainless steel part having at least one carburized surface substantially free of carbide precipitates, the part further comprising an adherent, non-coherent metal oxide layer on the carburized surface and a solid lubricant on the metal oxide layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/358,946 US20030155045A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-02-05 | Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35459402P | 2002-02-05 | 2002-02-05 | |
| US10/358,946 US20030155045A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-02-05 | Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20030155045A1 true US20030155045A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
Family
ID=27737466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/358,946 Abandoned US20030155045A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2003-02-05 | Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030155045A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060035068A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2006-02-16 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US20060237962A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Anderson Bret M | Tool for preparing fitting and conduit connection |
| US20080007050A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2008-01-10 | Williams Peter C | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US20080012301A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2008-01-17 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US20080023110A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Williams Peter C | Metal article with high interstitial content |
| WO2008030375A2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-13 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for fluid conduits |
| US7677602B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2010-03-16 | Swagelok Company | Tube fitting |
| US20100086398A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Ihi Corporation | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US7695027B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2010-04-13 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for tube and pipe |
| US20100133812A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2010-06-03 | Swagelok Company | Tube Fitting |
| US7784837B2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2010-08-31 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US20100320755A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-12-23 | Swagelok Company | Apparatus and method of zero clearance connection with optional sensing function |
| US20110089687A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-04-21 | Swagelok Company | Modular fitting with gripping device for conduits |
| US8038180B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2011-10-18 | Swagelok Company | Fitting with taper and single ferrule |
Citations (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1279457A (en) * | 1918-01-03 | 1918-09-17 | Porter W Shimer | Case-hardening of metals. |
| US1789259A (en) * | 1929-02-23 | 1931-01-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Case hardening method |
| US1923814A (en) * | 1931-08-11 | 1933-08-22 | Electro Metallurg Co | Nitriding |
| US2057813A (en) * | 1932-12-06 | 1936-10-20 | Nitralloy Corp | Process for hardening iron and steel alloys and article produced thereby |
| US2204148A (en) * | 1936-07-16 | 1940-06-11 | Joseph C Nelms | Method of treating sulphur bearing coals |
| US2789930A (en) * | 1954-10-11 | 1957-04-23 | William F Engelhard | Method of nitriding ferrous alloys |
| US2851387A (en) * | 1957-05-08 | 1958-09-09 | Chapman Valve Mfg Co | Method of depassifying high chromium steels prior to nitriding |
| US2991206A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1961-07-04 | Battelle Development Corp | Solid-film lubricants |
| US3321338A (en) * | 1963-12-11 | 1967-05-23 | Berliet Automobiles | Friction elements especially resistant to wear by abrasion |
| US3535169A (en) * | 1967-07-27 | 1970-10-20 | Berliet Automobiles | Friction elements especially resistant to wear by abrasion |
| US3876512A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1975-04-08 | Nippon Furnace Koga Kaisha Ltd | Electrolytic carburizing process using a carbonate electrolyte |
| US4268323A (en) * | 1979-04-05 | 1981-05-19 | Kolene Corp. | Process for case hardening steel |
| US4746375A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-05-24 | General Electric Company | Activation of refractory metal surfaces for electroless plating |
| US4975147A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1990-12-04 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of pretreating metallic works |
| US5013371A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-05-07 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel |
| US5102476A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1992-04-07 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for nitrocarburizing components made from steel |
| US5160553A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1992-11-03 | Bohler Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Cold-worked steel of high compressive strength and articles made thereof |
| US5194097A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-03-16 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel and heat treat furnaces used therein |
| US5252145A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1993-10-12 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding nickel alloy |
| US5254181A (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1993-10-19 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel utilizing fluoriding |
| US5340412A (en) * | 1991-08-31 | 1994-08-23 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of fluorinated nitriding of austenitic stainless steel screw |
| US5376188A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-12-27 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding austenitic stainless steel products |
| US5424028A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-13 | Latrobe Steel Company | Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications |
| US5447181A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-09-05 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Loom guide bar blade with its surface nitrided for hardening |
| US5556483A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-09-17 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic metal |
| US5593510A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1997-01-14 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic metal |
| US5650022A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-07-22 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Method of nitriding steel |
| US5653822A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-08-05 | Ford Motor Company | Coating method of gas carburizing highly alloyed steels |
| US5735971A (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1998-04-07 | Durferrit Gmbh Thermotechnik | Method for the Pre-treatment of steel parts prior to salt bath nitriding |
| US5753052A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1998-05-19 | Centre Stephanois De Recherches Mecaniques Hydromecanique Et Frottement | Method of treating ferrous surfaces subjected to high friction strains |
| US5792282A (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1998-08-11 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel products obtained thereby |
| US6093303A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-07-25 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature case hardening processes |
| US6093703A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 2000-07-25 | Bioresearch S.P.A. | Pharmaceutical compositions, containing S-adenosyl-L-methionine salt, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid |
| US6126102A (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-10-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Apparatus for high speed beaming of elastomeric yarns |
-
2003
- 2003-02-05 US US10/358,946 patent/US20030155045A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (36)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1279457A (en) * | 1918-01-03 | 1918-09-17 | Porter W Shimer | Case-hardening of metals. |
| US1789259A (en) * | 1929-02-23 | 1931-01-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Case hardening method |
| US1923814A (en) * | 1931-08-11 | 1933-08-22 | Electro Metallurg Co | Nitriding |
| US2057813A (en) * | 1932-12-06 | 1936-10-20 | Nitralloy Corp | Process for hardening iron and steel alloys and article produced thereby |
| US2204148A (en) * | 1936-07-16 | 1940-06-11 | Joseph C Nelms | Method of treating sulphur bearing coals |
| US2789930A (en) * | 1954-10-11 | 1957-04-23 | William F Engelhard | Method of nitriding ferrous alloys |
| US2851387A (en) * | 1957-05-08 | 1958-09-09 | Chapman Valve Mfg Co | Method of depassifying high chromium steels prior to nitriding |
| US2991206A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1961-07-04 | Battelle Development Corp | Solid-film lubricants |
| US3321338A (en) * | 1963-12-11 | 1967-05-23 | Berliet Automobiles | Friction elements especially resistant to wear by abrasion |
| US3535169A (en) * | 1967-07-27 | 1970-10-20 | Berliet Automobiles | Friction elements especially resistant to wear by abrasion |
| US3876512A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1975-04-08 | Nippon Furnace Koga Kaisha Ltd | Electrolytic carburizing process using a carbonate electrolyte |
| US4268323A (en) * | 1979-04-05 | 1981-05-19 | Kolene Corp. | Process for case hardening steel |
| US4746375A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-05-24 | General Electric Company | Activation of refractory metal surfaces for electroless plating |
| US5254181A (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1993-10-19 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel utilizing fluoriding |
| US5013371A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-05-07 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel |
| US5141567A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1992-08-25 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd | Method of nitriding steel |
| US5252145A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1993-10-12 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding nickel alloy |
| US5102476A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1992-04-07 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for nitrocarburizing components made from steel |
| US5160553A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1992-11-03 | Bohler Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Cold-worked steel of high compressive strength and articles made thereof |
| US4975147A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1990-12-04 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of pretreating metallic works |
| US5194097A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1993-03-16 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding steel and heat treat furnaces used therein |
| US6093703A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 2000-07-25 | Bioresearch S.P.A. | Pharmaceutical compositions, containing S-adenosyl-L-methionine salt, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid |
| US5340412A (en) * | 1991-08-31 | 1994-08-23 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of fluorinated nitriding of austenitic stainless steel screw |
| US5376188A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-12-27 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding austenitic stainless steel products |
| US5447181A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-09-05 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Loom guide bar blade with its surface nitrided for hardening |
| US5424028A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-13 | Latrobe Steel Company | Case carburized stainless steel alloy for high temperature applications |
| US5556483A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-09-17 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic metal |
| US5593510A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1997-01-14 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic metal |
| US5735971A (en) * | 1994-11-29 | 1998-04-07 | Durferrit Gmbh Thermotechnik | Method for the Pre-treatment of steel parts prior to salt bath nitriding |
| US5753052A (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1998-05-19 | Centre Stephanois De Recherches Mecaniques Hydromecanique Et Frottement | Method of treating ferrous surfaces subjected to high friction strains |
| US5792282A (en) * | 1995-04-17 | 1998-08-11 | Daido Hoxan, Inc. | Method of carburizing austenitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel products obtained thereby |
| US5650022A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-07-22 | Daido Hoxan Inc. | Method of nitriding steel |
| US5653822A (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-08-05 | Ford Motor Company | Coating method of gas carburizing highly alloyed steels |
| US6093303A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-07-25 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature case hardening processes |
| US6461448B1 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2002-10-08 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature case hardening processes |
| US6126102A (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-10-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Apparatus for high speed beaming of elastomeric yarns |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7677602B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2010-03-16 | Swagelok Company | Tube fitting |
| US20060035068A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2006-02-16 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US9284647B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2016-03-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US9187831B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2015-11-17 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US20100086398A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2010-04-08 | Ihi Corporation | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US20080007050A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2008-01-10 | Williams Peter C | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US20080012301A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2008-01-17 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US7784837B2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2010-08-31 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for metal pipe and tubing |
| US8038180B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2011-10-18 | Swagelok Company | Fitting with taper and single ferrule |
| US7695027B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2010-04-13 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for tube and pipe |
| US20060237962A1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Anderson Bret M | Tool for preparing fitting and conduit connection |
| US20100133812A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2010-06-03 | Swagelok Company | Tube Fitting |
| US20080023110A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Williams Peter C | Metal article with high interstitial content |
| WO2008013765A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-01-31 | Swagelok Company | Metal article with high interstitial content |
| WO2008030375A2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-13 | Swagelok Company | Fitting for fluid conduits |
| US20100320755A1 (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-12-23 | Swagelok Company | Apparatus and method of zero clearance connection with optional sensing function |
| US20110089687A1 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-04-21 | Swagelok Company | Modular fitting with gripping device for conduits |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US20030155045A1 (en) | Lubricated low temperature carburized stainless steel parts | |
| RU2231695C2 (en) | Anti-friction bearing provided with coat (versions) | |
| US8146889B2 (en) | Low friction coatings for dynamically engaging load bearing surfaces | |
| US7255328B2 (en) | Low friction coatings for dynamically engaging load bearing surfaces | |
| EP2757277B1 (en) | Sliding member and sliding material composition | |
| KR101558826B1 (en) | Sliding member and sliding material composition | |
| JP4353182B2 (en) | Surface conditioning treatment before chemical conversion treatment of steel | |
| KR900018412A (en) | Lubricated resin treated steel sheet with excellent moldability and corrosion resistance | |
| JP6815498B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of threaded joints for pipes and threaded joints for pipes | |
| CN111212999B (en) | Threaded joint for pipe and method for manufacturing threaded joint for pipe | |
| US4618317A (en) | Rotary type fluid compressor | |
| Halling | The tribology of surface films | |
| JP3056646B2 (en) | Surface treatment method for steel pipe joints with excellent galling resistance | |
| JP2696031B2 (en) | Method for improving the corrosion resistance of ferrous metal articles | |
| HUT67752A (en) | Surface-treating composition for making ofa corrosion-resistant, impermeable surface-finish | |
| JPS63303048A (en) | Shift fork | |
| Podgornik et al. | Improvement in galling performance through surface engineering | |
| JP5689634B2 (en) | Low friction sliding member | |
| Hintermann et al. | Chemical vapour deposition applied in tribology | |
| JPH08260127A (en) | Screw parts | |
| JPH01219173A (en) | Surface treatment of steel pipe joint | |
| JPH0444840A (en) | Resin-coated composite steel sheet with excellent lubricating property | |
| US20050029113A1 (en) | Coating system | |
| ZIDANI et al. | Frictional and wear behaviour of heat-treated and duplex-coated 35NCD6 steel | |
| JPH0285593A (en) | Surface processing method for oil well pipe screw joint |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SWAGELOK COMPANY, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WILLIAMS, PETER C.;REEL/FRAME:013600/0103 Effective date: 20030211 |
|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |