ES2255967T3 - METAL MATERIAL WITH ELEVATED ELEVATE, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HIGH TENACITY. - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for the regulation or technical control of alloys of the kinetics of solidification and the composition of the matrix of metal tails that form carbides, characterized by the fact that liquid metal composed of the elements, in% by weight: from 0, 6 to 1, 7% carbon from 0, 6 to 1, 1% silicon from 0, 2 to 0, 5% manganese from 7, 0 to 11, 0% chromium from 2, 0 to 3, 2% molybdenum to 1, 0% tungsten up to 0.8% nickel from 0.5 to 1.5% vanadium from 0.4 to 0.65% niobium, eventually tantalize it, optionally elements of group 4 of the periodic system in the magnitude below 0, 24%, 25 iron rest as well as impurities conditioned by manufacturing are manufactured and depending on the carbon content and the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic system up to 4.6% by weight is alloyed with aluminum at a concentration of 0 , 3 to 2, 6% by weight Al with the reservation that the aluminum content equals the content e carbon, multiplied by the equivalent of niobium AN, multiplied by the field factor or zone of action F, results in:% by weight AL =% by weight C x AN x F, forming the equivalent of niobium according to the ratio: AN = 0, 3 + 0, 1% by weight V +% by weight Nb + 1, 12% by weight Ta and the zone or field of action factor F: F = from 0, 7 to 1, 3, after which the laundry is allowed to solidify.

Description

Metallic material with high tempering, high wear resistance and high toughness.

The invention relates to a pear process the command or technical control of alloys of the kinetics of solidification and composition of the casting matrix Metals that form carbides, as well as a manufactured material preferably according to the procedure with high hardness or tempering, high wear resistance and high toughness.

Alloys of this class must be counted or appear in the state of the art. For example, within the scope or field of basic iron alloys are known the tool steels, which contain, among others, the Carbon, vanadium, niobium and aluminum elements.

Patent DE 31 44 475 A1 discloses a steel fast and for tools, which, together with elements, presents 0.3 to 3.0% by weight carbon, 0.5 to 3.0% by weight silicon, from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight aluminum, from 0.5 to 6.0% by weight vanadium. Steel, in the case of which the partially or totally vanadium by zirconium, niobium, hafnium, titanium, Tantalum or a mixture thereof, preferably has a sum of the silicon and aluminum contents of approximately 2% in weight. The silicon and aluminum elements in combination have to replace, with almost equal quality of the material, cobalt totally or partially and reduce the tungsten, vanadium and  molybdenum.

EP-0425471 has disclosed a cold-resistant steel with high compressive strength, which, among other things, is alloyed with a weight% of 0.6 to 1.5 C, from 0.2 to 1.6 Yes, from 0.3 to 1.5 V, from 0.2 to 1.6 AL and up to 0.5 Nb. Silicon and aluminum have to improve the behavior of the improved or bonus and through nitride formation prevent or hinder a granulometric growth in tempering or austenitization and thus increase the resistance to compression, hardness or tempering, toughness and resistance to
wear.

Through the corresponding concentration of certain alloy elements in reciprocal action or interaction with the other components can be encouraged or activated, especially, at least, a desired property of materials that solidify ledeburitamente. High resistance is attainable to wear, for example, from the technique of alloys by of the carbide component elevation, however, the material toughness.

However, the quality and applicability of material are characterized by the property profile, which It must be formed in accordance with modern requirements techniques of this, based on individual properties the most high or advantageous possible. In addition, for security reasons functional it is important that the range of variation of the values of the properties that are as small as possible.

At first, it was tried by an alloy with aluminum replace expensive elements or influence the improved or thermally bonded in such a way that they are improved The properties of the material.

A high aluminum content in steels ledeburitics only in some cases has been evidenced as favorable because this, most of the time, produces no improvement of the profile of material properties and properties possibly improved individuals have large oscillations or variations. The causes of this are based on the opinion specialized in solidification morphology. A formation of thick carbides segregated primarily in solidification of the laundry, which, in the case of a conformation in hot material, essentially not to disintegrate or destroy but that can form a line structure disadvantageous, as well as the achievable temper and toughness of the matrix should be considered as technical limits of alloys for an improvement of the total properties.

In this case the invention wants to remedy and it is proposed or set as a goal to indicate a procedure, with which controls the kinetics of solidification of metal castings, which form carbides, from the technique of alloys so that the structure is morphologically configured advantageously with Enhanced matrix properties. In addition, it is committed by the invention create metallic materials according to the genre with high tempering, high wear resistance and high toughness. So precise this means the creation of materials resistant to high pressures, especially for cold work simultaneously with essentially improved stability, against wear abrasive, with high plastic work of flexural breakage and resistance to breakage by bending as well as a limit Significantly elevated 0.2% overhang or crush of the material.

The goal or objective is achieved in the case of a procedure of the type mentioned above by the fact that liquid metal consisting of the elements in% by weight:

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since 0.6 until 1.7% carbon since 0.6 until 1.1% silicon since 0.2 until 0.5% manganese since 7.0 until 11.0% chrome since 2.0 until 3.2% molybdenum until 1.0% tungsten until 0.8% nickel since 0.5 until 1.5% vanadium since 0.4 until 0.65% niobium,

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eventually try it,

optionally elements of system group 4 newspaper in the amount of below 0.24% by weight,

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iron rest as well as impurities conditioned by manufacturing, is manufactured and based on carbon content and of the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic system up to 4.6% by weight is alloyed with aluminum at a concentration of 0.3 up to 2.6% by weight Al with the reservation that the content of aluminum equal to the carbon content, multiplied by the Niobium equivalent AN, multiplied by the zone or field factor of action F, results in:

% by weight AL =% by weight C x AN x F,

forming the equivalent of niobium according to the relationship:

AN = 0.3 + 0.1% by weight V +% by weight NB + 1.12% in weight Ta and the action zone factor of:

F = 0.7 to 1.3,

after which it is left solidify the wash.

The advantages of the process according to the invention they have to be seen essentially in the fact that, through aluminum content optimized in its action, it can influence solidification kinetics in such a way that they are suppressed greatly part a primary separation of carbides and growth particle size of carbides in the case of refrigeration or further cooling, which, therefore, are formed in the carbide wash eutectically in the essential globulistically fine. In addition, through the corresponding concentration of aluminum, you can control the composition of the matrix, in special carbon content, and thus determine in last term the hardness or temper and toughness of the matrix. By first time it has been discovered that it is important for a achievement of a high profile of properties especially advantageous of materials adjust the aluminum content within limits depending on the carbon concentration and the Niobium equivalent. Contents less than 0.3% by weight or contents greater than 2.6% by weight of aluminum no longer have any favorable effect or may be disadvantageously active in the case of further distancing from the upper limit, by virtue of a worsening or deterioration of matrix properties. Between these limits, with a view to a formation of carbides essentially eutectic in the case of solidification and, therefore, a structure morphologically desired, of the solidification texture with Enhanced matrix properties, the content has to be adjusted aluminum in the alloy in accordance with the relationship mentioned above. The causes of the considerable suppression of a separation or precipitation of primary carbides have not yet been scientifically cleared completely, however, you can assume that aluminum in corresponding concentrations limits the crystallization germs in their action and allows greater relevant sub-fusion.

A morphologically special texture is achieved favorable if the zone or field of action factor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.

The worst problem of the invention is solved in the case of a metallic material, which is preferably manufactured according to the procedure mentioned above, due to the fact that The alloy consists of the elements in% by weight:

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since

0.6 until 1.7% carbon 0.6 until 1.1% silicon 0.2 until 0.5% manganese 7.0 until 11.0% chrome 2.0 until 3.2% molybdenum until 1.0% tungsten until 0.8% nickel 0.5 until 1.5% vanadium 0.4 until 0.65% niobium 0.3 until 2.6% aluminum,

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possibly other elements of group 5 of the total periodic system 4.6% by weight,

optionally elements of system group 4 newspaper in the magnitude or amount of below 0.24% in weight,

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iron rest as well as impurities conditioned by manufacturing and aluminum based on carbon content as well as vanadium, niobium and tantalum it presents a concentration according to the formula:

% by weight Al =% by weight C x AN x F,

the AN value and the Niobium equivalent, okay with:

AN = 0.3 + 0.1 x% by weight V +% by weight Nb +% 1.12% by weight Ta and the F factor:

F = from 0.7 to 1.3

indicates the field or zone of action.

The advantages of the material according to the invention they consist essentially of essentially improving all mechanical properties and also stability or resistance against abrasive wear of it. For that it is certainly important proper adjustment with maintenance of aluminum content because of this, depending on the carbon content and the niobium equivalent, the structure configuration of depend  Casting and the texture of the deformed material. In the case of a desired content of group 5 elements of the system newspaper, which form or constitute with other components the prerequisites for a desired property profile of the material, it is determined, depending on the carbon content, the of aluminum within the limits between 0.3 and 2.6% in  weight.

A special elevated position of the properties of the material as a whole if the area factor or field of action F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.

Cutting tools with cutting duration Improved and similar security against breakage can be manufactured preferably if the alloy base is configured as fast steel and is alloyed with aluminum within the scope of the invention.

They can be especially pronounced advantages in the case of an alloy cold-resistant steel according to the invention. Especially the high wear resistance as well as the great toughness and strength of the material result in some  outstanding employment properties of the tools made from it.

You can achieve resistance against abrasive wear according to DIN 50320 greater than 12 1 / g in the test wear of sandpaper or emery paper SiC P 120 (plate diameter abrasive: 300 mm; number of revolutions of the abrasive plate: 150 mn -1; sample diameter: 8 mm; clamping force or Compression: 13.33 N), a resistance to breakage by bending of, at least 4500 N / mm2 and a plastic breakage job by flexion within the field of 3000 Nmm with a 0.2% limit of upsetting or crushing above 2600 N / mm2 of the thermally improved or bonded material if the alloy has in% by weight:

since

1.0 until 1.4% carbon 0.6 until 1.1% silicon 0.2 until 0.5% manganese 7.0 until 11.0% chrome 2.0 until 3.2% molybdenum until 1.0% tungsten until 0.8% nickel 1.0 until 1.5% vanadium 0.4 until 0.65% niobium

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aluminum within the dependent limits according to the invention between 0.64 and 2.0,

rest iron and impurities conditioned by the manufacturing.

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You can increase the mechanical properties and resistance against abrasive wear if the alloy has more than 0.5% by weight of niobium.

It is especially important for a texture morphologically favorable a low concentration of the alloy in elements of group 4 of the periodic system and eventually of nitrogen because unions of these elements can form germs effective for a primary separation or precipitation of carbides. Thus, it is advantageous if the content of group 4 elements of the periodic system is less than 0.24% by weight, preferably less than 0.1% by weight and nitrogen content is less 0.01% by weight.

He explains in more detail the invention using tables with the chemical composition and test results of the test materials.

Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test alloy consisting of the rest of iron and impurities conditioned by the foundry respectively.

From table 2 you can deduct the respective test results and an evaluation or assessment number for the alloy properties profile.

The valuation number in table 2, which characterizes the properties of the material as a whole, it has formed in such a way that the characteristic numbers or indices for Plastic work of flexural breakage, for resistance to flexural breakage as well as 0.2% overhang limit or crushing are divided by 1000 respectively the relative abrasive wear is divided between 10 and the values of characteristic numbers so formed multiply ones with others.

Alloys 1,2 and 10 represent alloys according to the invention and have individual properties considered completely. The plastic breakage work by flexion of these materials is advantageously placed in values greater than 2900 Nmm.

The same applies to breaking strength by flexion with characteristic numbers or indices above 4500 N / mm2 and for 0.2% overhang or crushing limit with values greater than 2600 N / mm2 respectively. With a view to use and the duration of the cut of a tool formed Based on this class of alloys, wear resistance is Many times of special importance. The materials according to the invention have, as follows from the table, a resistance to very high wear

While the materials, which they present, possibly similar concentrations of elements, intended for the comparison with the composite alloys according to the invention they can frequently present individual properties relevant, your property profile is not sufficiently many times for efforts in the modern technique of procedures By comparatively examining the index of valuation, which represents the properties of the material in its all, the advantages of alloys are illustrated in particular according to the invention.

one

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Claims (5)

1. Procedure for the regulation or technical control of alloys of the kinetics of solidification and the composition of the matrix of metal tails that form carbides, characterized by the fact that liquid metal composed of the elements, in% by weight: since 0.6 until 1.7% carbon since 0.6 until 1.1% silicon since 0.2 until 0.5% manganese since 7.0 until 11.0% chrome since 2.0 until 3.2% molybdenum until 1.0% tungsten until 0.8% nickel since 0.5 until 1.5% vanadium since 0.4 until 0.65% niobium, eventually try it, optionally elements of system group 4 newspaper in the magnitude of below 0.24%, iron rest as well as impurities conditioned by manufacturing is manufactured and based on carbon content and of the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic system up to 4.6% by weight is alloyed with aluminum at a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight Al with the reservation that the aluminum content equal to the carbon content, multiplied by the equivalent of Niobium AN, multiplied by the field factor or zone of action F, results: % by weight AL =% by weight C x AN x F, forming the equivalent of niobium according to the relationship: AN = 0.3 + 0.1% by weight V +% by weight Nb + 1.12% in weight Ta and the zone or field of action factor F: F = 0.7 to 1.3, after which it is left solidify the wash. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the zone or field of action factor is: F = 0.9 to 1.2. 3. Metallic material, especially manufactured according to the process according to the preceding claims, with high temper or hardness, high strength and high toughness, characterized in that the alloy is composed of the elements in% by weight: since 0.6 until 1.7% carbon 0.6 until 1.1% silicon 0.2 until 0.5% manganese 7.0 until 11.0% chrome 2.0 until 3.2% molybdenum until 1.0% tungsten until 0.8% nickel 0.5 until 1.5% vanadium 0.4 until 0.65% niobium 0.3 until 2.6% aluminum, possibly other elements of group 5 of the total periodic system 4.6% by weight, optionally elements of system group 4 newspaper in the magnitude or amount of below 0.24% in weight, iron rest as well as impurities conditioned by manufacturing and aluminum based on carbon content as well as vanadium, niobium and tantalum it presents a concentration according to the formula: % by weight Al =% by weight C x AN x F, forming the AN value or the Niobium equivalent, okay with: AN = 0.3 + 0.1 x% by weight V +% by weight Nb +% 1.12% by weight Ta and the F factor: F = 0.7 to 1.3 indicates the field or zone of action. 4. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the zone or field of action factor is: F = 0.9 to 1.2. 5. Material according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic system is less than 0.1% by weight.