Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
  • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of antennas.
• the present invention relates to the field of antennas operating in a particular mode comprising: a first electrically conductive surface, generally called “capacitive roof”
• a first electrically conductive supply wire or ribbon which connects a first terminal of a generator / receiver to the first surface and a second supply wire or ribbon which connects a second terminal of the generator / receiver to the second surface, and
• At least one electrically conductive wire or ribbon which connects the two aforementioned surfaces.
• Examples of such antennas are described for example in documents FR-A-2,668,859 and EP-A-667,984.
• an antenna of the aforementioned type comprising a single wire or ribbon connecting the two surfaces, which wire or ribbon is arranged to be traversed by a current at the working frequency and to be coupled by inductive coupling to the wire or power strip connecting the generator to the first surface. It has been shown that this antenna generates, under certain conditions of arrangement of the elements, radiation of the monopoly type, that is to say comprising a lobe with symmetry of revolution, with maximum radiation parallel to the ground plane and zero radiation perpendicular to the antenna, linear polarization with electric field in a plane perpendicular to the antenna and almost hemispherical coverage except in the axis.
• Document EP-A-667 984 describes a variant of this antenna comprising several parallel wires or ribbons connecting the two surfaces. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to facilitate the adaptation of the antenna to the generator.
• the object of the present invention is however to propose a new antenna which can take reduced dimensions compared to the working wavelength not only in the horizontal plane like the antennas described in documents FR-A-2 668 859 and EP -A-667 984, but also in the vertical direction where the height is very small on the order of ⁇ / 200.
• FIG. 1 schematically represents the general structure of an antenna according to the present invention
• FIG. 2 represents the equivalent diagram of this antenna
• FIG. 3 represents the response of this antenna as a function of the frequency and locates the operating point
• FIG. 4 represents a particular embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 5 represents the evolution of the real part of the input impedance, as a function of the frequency, recorded on an antenna conforming to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4,
• FIG. 6 represents the evolution of the imaginary part of the input impedance, as a function of the frequency, recorded on an antenna conforming to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4,.
• FIG. 7 represents the evolution of the reflection coefficient which results therefrom, as a function of the frequency, for an antenna conforming to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, (it will be noted that in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the values theoretical values are shown in solid lines, while the measured values are shown in dashed lines), and .
• Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the intrinsic gain of the antenna in dB according to different planes.
• an antenna 10 comprising: a first electrically conductive surface 12, generally called “capacitive roof”
• a first electrically conductive supply wire or ribbon 16 which connects a first terminal of a generator / receiver 20 to the first surface
• At least two electrically conductive wires or ribbons 18, 19 which connect the two aforementioned surfaces 12 and 14, the two surfaces 12, 14 and the connecting wires or ribbons 16, 17, 18 and 19 ensuring the connection between these surfaces 12, 14 and the generator / receiver 20 on the one hand and between these surfaces 12, 14 on the other hand, all being coplanar according to the essential characteristic of the present invention.
• the first surface 12 can take any geometry. This geometry and the size of this surface 12 are however characteristic of the operation of the antenna.
• the second surface 14 forming a ground plane surrounds partially or completely the first s' urface 12.
• the ground plane 14 has the shape of an open ring which almost totally surrounds the surface 12 .
• the opening 15 formed in the ground plane 14 serves as a passage for the ribbon 16.
• two tapes 18 and 19 are provided connecting the surfaces 12 and 14 together.
• the tapes 18 and 19 are preferably symmetrical relative to the supply ribbon 16, and for example parallel thereto.
• a single ribbon can be provided to ensure the connection between the surfaces 12 and 14.
• An embodiment will be described thus comprising a single supply ribbon to connect the surfaces 12 and 14 together, with reference to FIG. 4
• the antenna according to the invention may comprise more than two strips 18, 19 to ensure the connection between the surfaces 12 and 14.
• this antenna 10 can be cut from a conductive plane, preferably a metal plate, for example by etching the metallization of a single-sided printed circuit, or else by screen printing on an electrically insulating support, deposit on such an electrically insulating support, or production from a metallic foil of suitable geometry.
• the antennas according to the present invention can operate at all frequencies.
• the dimensions of the antenna in the metallic plane are of the order of ⁇ / 6 to ⁇ / 5 where ⁇ represents the working wavelength. Those skilled in the art will understand that the thickness of the antenna is itself extremely small. This thickness corresponds to the thickness of the elements 12 to 19 and of the support for these.
• the antenna is adapted to the impedance of the generator 20 (generally 50 ⁇ ) on the working frequency band to obtain a T.O.S. acceptable, preferably between 1, 5 and 2.
• This equivalent diagram includes a cell comprising a capacitance Cfond, a self Lfond and a resistor Rfond, connected to each other in parallel and corresponding to the fundamental mode, another cell comprising a capacitance C and a self and a mass connected to each other in parallel and a self of Lalim link ensuring a serial link between two aforementioned cells, the Lalim self being coupled with the Lmasse self by a mutual inductance M.
• Ctoit represents the capacity between the two surfaces 12 and 14 measurable under static conditions.
• Lmasse represents the inductance linked to the ribbon (s) 18, 19.
• Lalim represents the inductance linked to the power ribbon 16.
• the mutual inductance M is the result of the interaction of the ribbons 16, 18 and 19 between them.
• This resonance peak of the antenna input impedance is the consequence of the capacitive effect of the two plates 12 and 14 and of the self-inductive and mutual induction effects of the ribbons 16, 18 and 19.
• the man of art will be able to evaluate these elements by making an approximation of the quasi-static state.
• the antenna operating band is located around the cancellation frequencies of the imaginary part X (f) of the input impedance and corresponds to a real part R (f) around that of the generator 20.
• L ' essential radiation emitted by the antenna comes from the ribbon (s) 18, 19 and corresponds to radiation of the quasi-omnidirectional dipolar type in the plane perpendicular to the ribbons and whose polarization in this plane is parallel to the ribbons. It is the classic radiation of an electric dipole in a plane which is perpendicular to it. This dipole would be parallel to wires 16 and 18.
• a dielectric substrate can be added on and / or under the metallic plane defined by the elements 12 to 19, to solidify the structure, to reduce the dimensions of the antenna by relative to the operating wavelength, to generate radiation in the dielectric, etc.
• a proximity reflector can be associated with the antenna to conform the radiation, for example to concentrate the radiation in a desired direction.
• the antenna 10 illustrated in this FIG. 4 is formed by cutting from a metal sheet with a thickness of 0.4 mm. It includes a roof 12 with a square geometry of 25 mm x 25 mm, i.e. of the order of ⁇ / 12 x ⁇ / 12.
• the ground plane 14 is formed of a ribbon with a width of 6 mm, that is to say of the order of ⁇ / 50, and of square geometry which almost completely surrounds the roof 12.
• the ground plane 14 is formed of four rectilinear sections of ribbon, perpendicular and parallel to each other two by two, typically each having an external length of 65 mm, ie of the order of ⁇ / 5, and a width of 6 mm, or of the order of ⁇ / 50.
• the roof 12 is preferably centered on the ground plane 14 and has its sides parallel to the sections of the ribbon forming this ground plane 14. Thus the distance separating the inner edge of the ground plane 14 and the outer edge of the roof 12 is of the order of 14 mm.
• One of the aforementioned sections forming the ground plane 14 has a transverse cut 15 with a width of the order of 5 to 8 mm.
• This cutout 15 is preferably formed about 37 mm from one end of this section and about 23 mm from the other end of the same section of ground plane.
• This mass ribbon 18 thus extends perpendicularly to the section 14 and to the edge of the roof 12.
• This ground strip 18 is preferably connected to the longest element of the strip 14 having the cutout 15 and preferably connects to the ; roof at a distance of the order of 4 mm from one of the angles thereof.
• the supply ribbon 16 is formed of a rectilinear ribbon, centered on the cutout 15, of a width of the order of 3 mm and which is connected perpendicularly to one side of the roof 12, preferably at a distance of one angle thereof of the order of 4 mm.
• the section of ground ribbon 14 having the cutout 15 is provided with a connector 30 whose external shielding is electrically connected to the ground ribbon 14 and whose central conductive strand is connected by any means suitable for the outer end of the power ribbon 16.
• FIG. 5 represents the real part R (f) of the input impedance of the antenna 10 illustrated in FIG. 4, in ⁇ , as a function of the frequency.
• FIG. 6 represents the imaginary part X (f) of the input impedance of the same antenna 10 illustrated in FIG. 4, in ⁇ , as a function of the frequency.
• FIG. 7 represents the reflection coefficient I Su I resulting therefrom.
• Theoretical Sn I is minimal (- 28 dB) at 1.057 GHz and the measured actual I Su I reflection coefficient is minimal (- 21.3 dB) at 1.07 GHz.
• antenna plus ground plane illustrated in FIG. 4, are of the order of ⁇ / 6 to ⁇ / 5 where ⁇ is the working wavelength.
• FIGS. 8 to 10 The intrinsic gain at the frequency of 1.06 GHz illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 10 reflects an almost omnidirectional radiation in the plane orthogonal to the ribbons 18, 19, in accordance with the radiation principle of the dipole.
• planar resonant structures of the “microstrip” type composed of elements stacked with at least two metallization levels, for example a ground plane, a dielectric substrate which may be air and a metallic radiating element; belong to this family for example.
• the radiating “patch” antennas based on the principle of resonant cavities with leaks generating narrow operating bands (whose dimension is at least of the order of ⁇ g / 2, ⁇ g representing the wavelength in the dielectric) and.
• microstrip “wire-plate” antennas as described in document EP-A-667 984 with the same structure as the previous patch antennas but which work on a different principle and which allow adaptation to frequencies close to ⁇ / 8, and
• planar structures with traveling waves made up of sections of microstrip or coplanar lines adapted to the ends, the main characteristic of these antennas is their large size compared to the wavelength to obtain good efficiency.
• the present invention allows the production of antennas at very low cost, with great ease of production.
• the present invention can find application in a large number of fields. Examples of non-limiting examples are antennas for automobiles, antennas for wireless connection, millimeter antennas for sectoral distribution, sources of “lens” and “satellite dish” antennas, antennas for wireless telephony, etc.
• the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment which has just been described, but extends to all variants in accordance with its spirit.
• the two strips 16, 17 ensuring the connection between the generator / receiver 20 and respectively the first surface 12 and the second surface 14 are coplanar with the latter.
• the embodiment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 only the ribbon 16 ensuring the connection between the generator / receiver 20 and the first surface 12 is coplanar with the surfaces 12 and 14, the connection between the generator / receiver 20 and the second surface 14 being provided directly through the mass of a coaxial socket.
• the ribbon 16 nor the ribbon 17 is coplanar with the surfaces 12 and 14.
• the surface 12 forming a roof can be split into several coplanar elements, or even be perforated, as indicated in document EP-A-667984.

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• 1998
  • 1998-09-09 FR FR9811251A patent/FR2783115B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-09-07 ES ES99941706T patent/ES2243070T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-07 DK DK99941706T patent/DK1042845T3/da active
  • 1999-09-07 DE DE69925985T patent/DE69925985T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-07 AT AT99941706T patent/ATE298937T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-09-07 CA CA002310125A patent/CA2310125C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-07 JP JP2000569465A patent/JP4364439B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-07 EP EP99941706A patent/EP1042845B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-09-07 AU AU55219/99A patent/AU5521999A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-09-07 WO PCT/FR1999/002123 patent/WO2000014825A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-09-07 US US09/530,901 patent/US6300908B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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