EP3602689B1 - Elektromagnetische antenne - Google Patents

Elektromagnetische antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3602689B1
EP3602689B1 EP18711379.0A EP18711379A EP3602689B1 EP 3602689 B1 EP3602689 B1 EP 3602689B1 EP 18711379 A EP18711379 A EP 18711379A EP 3602689 B1 EP3602689 B1 EP 3602689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
waveguide
electromagnetic
radiating
coupling slot
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EP18711379.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3602689A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Renard
Eric VINAY
Eric Estebe
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic antenna of the type comprising a first radiating part with an electromagnetic waveguide of predetermined geometric shape.
  • the invention lies in the field of partially active or passive electromagnetic antennas, used in the field of radars or radiocommunications.
  • one or more active circuits for example amplifiers or phase shifters, for processing the signal emitted or received by such an antenna, in order to obtain an active antenna. more compact.
  • So-called slot antennas comprising a radiation part consisting of a waveguide comprising radiating slots.
  • Such antennas offer the advantage of having low electrical losses, but not allowing easy integration of active circuits.
  • the document EP 2 249 437 discloses such an antenna.
  • Antennas are also known consisting of a stack of layers of dielectric substrates, etched with metal tracks, the coupling between layers being obtained by means of metallized holes, also called vias, or by electromagnetic coupling by opening or by proximity.
  • metallized holes also called vias
  • electromagnetic coupling by opening or by proximity.
  • Such antennas with a stack of layers generally exhibit significant electrical losses.
  • the invention provides an electromagnetic antenna according to claim 1, comprising a first radiating part with an electromagnetic waveguide of predetermined geometric shape, forming a first electromagnetic propagation medium and comprising a first radiation wall comprising a plurality of slits radiating spaced apart, each radiating slot extending in a first longitudinal direction, and a second wall, opposite to the first radiating wall.
  • the antenna comprises a second active part comprising a stack of at least two dielectric layers, at least one of the dielectric layers being etched with at least one metal track leading to at least one active circuit, forming a second electromagnetic propagation medium, at least a portion of said second active part being pressed against said second wall in a contact zone.
  • the antenna comprises a coupling slot located in said contact zone, the coupling slot passing through said second wall, said coupling slot extending in a second direction forming a non-zero orientation angle with said first direction. longitudinal.
  • the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention exhibits low electrical losses owing to a radiating surface similar to the radiating surface of a conventional slit guide antenna.
  • the coupling slot helps to minimize bulk, no additional coupling or connection elements being added.
  • the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention can have one or more of the characteristics below, taken independently or in combination, in any technically acceptable combination.
  • the second active part comprises a metallized layer etched on an upper dielectric layer of the stack, said metallized layer being pressed against the second wall of the waveguide, and the coupling slot is formed of two parts, a first part passing through said second wall and a second part passing through said metallized layer.
  • the second active part comprises a metallized layer etched on an upper dielectric layer of the stack, said metallized layer forming said second wall of the waveguide.
  • the first radiating wall has a plurality of radiating slits positioned according to a predetermined regular grid, and the coupling slit is located opposite a slitless zone of the first wall.
  • the waveguide of the first radiating part is a waveguide of rectangular section, said first wall and second wall being substantially parallel.
  • the coupling slot is centered relative to the second wall of the waveguide.
  • the orientation angle is substantially equal to 45 degrees.
  • the second propagation medium has an associated wavelength
  • the second active part has a transmission line printed between two layers stacked dielectrics, the transmission line comprising a termination portion whose length is a function of said wavelength associated with the second propagation medium.
  • an electromagnetic antenna 10 comprises a first radiating part 12 and a second active part 14 adapted to be connected to or comprising at least one active circuit 50.
  • the active circuit is an amplifier or a phase shifter.
  • the figure 1 schematically shows the first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14, in exploded perspective.
  • the first radiating part 12 is of the slotted waveguide type, as explained in more detail below. This first radiating part of the antenna constitutes a first electromagnetic propagation medium.
  • the second active part consists of a stack of layers of dielectric substrates etched with metal tracks, the connections from one layer to the other being made by means of metallized holes, also called vias.
  • the active part of the antenna constitutes a second electromagnetic propagation medium.
  • the first radiating part 12 comprises a waveguide 16 of predetermined geometric shape, which is a parallelepipedal waveguide, therefore of rectangular section, in the example illustrated.
  • a waveguide 16 having another geometric shape can be envisaged, for example having a step (in English 'ridge') in order to increase its frequency band.
  • the waveguide 16 is made of a metallic material, and has walls of a given thickness, and is filled with air, or completely or partially filled with a first dielectric material.
  • the waveguide 16 comprises a first wall 18, called the radiation wall, and a second wall 20, which is opposite to the first wall 18.
  • the first wall 18 and the second wall 20 are substantially parallel.
  • At least two radiating slots 22 are formed.
  • Each radiating slot 22 is an opening made in the thickness of the first wall 18, of given shape, size and orientation, allowing controlled radiation of electromagnetic waves.
  • radiating slots 22 are positioned according to a regular grid, along the X, Y directions of the plane.
  • the shape, size, orientation and position of the radiating slots are used to define the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the X direction is the longitudinal direction
  • the Y direction is the transverse direction
  • the Z direction is the direction orthogonal to the plane (X, Y), so as to form an orthonormal spatial reference (X, Y, Z).
  • Two successive radiating slits in a given direction are spaced apart by a predetermined distance.
  • each radiating slot 22 has the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners as shown in the figure. figure 1 , extending in a first direction, which is the longitudinal direction X.
  • all the radiating slots made in the first wall 18 of the waveguide have the same geometric shape and the same dimensions.
  • the radiating slots 22 have a similar shape but different dimensions.
  • the first wall 18 comprises, between the slits, zones 23 without slit, also called non-radiating zones.
  • the waveguide distributes an electromagnetic signal to the radiating slits 22.
  • the first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14 have been shown separated for ease of explanation.
  • first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14 are pressed against each other, without separation between these two parts.
  • the first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14 are aligned longitudinally and are pressed against each other, the outer face 20a of the second wall 20 being bonded to an upper layer of the second active part and forming a zone of contact.
  • the first radiating part 12 and the second active part 14 are coupled by a coupling slot 30, located in the contact zone and which passes through the second wall 20 as far as an upper dielectric layer of the stack forming the second active part.
  • the dielectric layers of the second active part are made with a second dielectric material.
  • the coupling slot 30 extends in a second direction A forming a non-zero orientation angle, denoted ⁇ , with the first direction X.
  • orientation angle the acute angle formed between the first direction X and the second direction A.
  • the coupling slit 30 is placed opposite the first wall 18 of the waveguide 16, at a zone without slit 23, that is to say located between two successive slits.
  • placing an element facing a zone is meant here a positioning of the element without contact with the zone considered, and such that the axis of electromagnetic radiation of this device is included in said zone.
  • the coupling slot 30 is centered with respect to the second wall 20.
  • the non-zero orientation angle ⁇ is preferably substantially equal to 45 °.
  • the coupling slit 30 When the coupling slit 30 is placed at a distance equal to a quarter wavelength guided from the radiating slits 22 along the longitudinal axis X, it does not disturb the radiation, and is functionally analogous to a transformer towards the second part. active 14.
  • the waveguide 16 is excited via the coupling slot 30, which makes it possible to produce a direct connection with the stacked dielectric layers of the second active part 14, and to distribute an electromagnetic signal coming from the circuit active between an antenna port and the radiating slots.
  • the second active part 14 is a printed circuit of the triplate type and comprises two stacked dielectric layers, denoted respectively 42, 44.
  • the shielding intended to block the propagation of parasitic electromagnetic modes is produced by a set of holes metallized 45 of which only one is symbolically represented on the figure 1 .
  • a printed circuit of the microstrip type is used.
  • Each dielectric layer 42, 44 has a lower face 42a, 44a and an upper face 42b, 44b.
  • a printed segment 40 forming a transmission line, is printed between the two dielectric layers, either on the lower face of the layer 42, or on the upper face of the layer 44.
  • the layer 42 is at least partially covered, on its upper face 42b, with a metallized layer 21 forming a first ground plane P1.
  • the coupling slot 30 is made in two parts, a first part formed by the slot 30a which passes through the second metal wall 20, and a second part formed by the slot 30b which passes through the metallized layer 21.
  • the two parts 30a and 30b of the coupling slot 30 are of the same shape and aligned on all the edges.
  • the slits 30a and 30b are made separately, the coupling slit 30 being made when the first radiating part and the second active part are assembled.
  • the metallized layer 21 is replaced by the second wall 20 of the waveguide 16, when the latter is in ground continuity with the upper face 42b of the layer 42.
  • the first ground plane P1 is formed by the second wall 20, and the coupling is effected by the coupling slot 30a formed in the second wall 20 of the waveguide.
  • the layer 42 has a metallized layer 21 on its upper face, and the metallized layer 21 constitutes the second wall 20 of the waveguide 16.
  • the coupling slot 30 is formed. through the slot 30b made in the metallized layer 21.
  • Layer 44 is at least partially covered, on its lower face 44a, with a metallized layer 25 forming a second ground plane P2.
  • the printed segment 40 is connected to an active circuit 50, for example an amplifier or a phase shifter.
  • an active circuit 50 for example an amplifier or a phase shifter.
  • figure 1 comprises only two stacked dielectric layers, but of course, this is an example, any other number of stacked layers being possible.
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of the inclined coupling slot 30 consists of an impedance inserted in series on a line.
  • the transmission line 40 is terminated at its other end by an open-circuit termination portion 48, also called a “stub”, the reduced impedance of which is at the level of the coupling slot allows full coupling of the energy to the radiating guide 16.
  • the electromagnetic antenna also comprises a first radiating part and a second active part coupled via an inclined coupling slot.
  • the second active part is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the first radiating part.
  • the metal portion forming a contact zone is either produced by bonding a portion of the second wall of the waveguide and a corresponding portion of an upper metallized layer of the second active part, or by a portion of the second wall of the waveguide only, or by a portion of an upper metallized layer of the second active part only.
  • the coupling slot 30 passes through the metallic portion of the contact zone to the upper dielectric layer of the second active part.
  • the coupling slot 30 is oriented at 45 °.
  • the electromagnetic antenna according to the invention comprises a radiating waveguide part exhibiting reduced ohmic losses, and an active part compatible with the installation and use of active circuits.
  • the implementation of the coupling between the first radiating part and the second active part by an inclined coupling slot is easier to achieve than in the case where an additional coupling and connection element would be added, the total bulk of the antenna is reduced and ohmic losses are minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Elektromagnetische Antenne, aufweisend einen ersten Strahlteil (12) mit Elektromagnetische-Wellen-Leiter von vorbestimmter geometrischer Gestalt, welcher ein erstes elektromagnetisches Ausbreitungsmedium bildet und eine erste Strahlwand (18), welche eine Mehrzahl von im Abstand angeordneten Abstrahlschlitzen (22) aufweist, wobei jeder Abstrahlschlitz (22) sich entlang einer ersten Längsrichtung erstreckt, und eine zweite Wand (20), welche der ersten Strahlwand (18) entgegengesetzt ist, aufweist, wobei die Antenne einen Koppelschlitz (30, 30a, 30b) aufweist, welcher in einem Kontaktbereich angeordnet ist, wobei der Koppelschlitz (30) die zweite Wand (20) durchquert, wobei der Koppelschlitz (30) sich entlang einer zweiten Richtung erstreckt, welche einen Ausrichtungswinkel (α) ungleich Null mit der ersten Längsrichtung bildet,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass sie einen zweiten aktiven Teil (14) aufweist, welcher einen Stapel aus mindestens zwei dielektrischen Schichten (42, 44) aufweist, wobei mindestens eine der dielektrischen Schichten aus mindestens einer Metallbahn geätzt ist, was in mindestens einer aktiven Schaltung resultiert, wobei ein zweites elektromagnetisches Ausbreitungsmedium gebildet wird, wobei mindestens ein Abschnitt des zweiten aktiven Teils gegen die zweite Wand in dem Kontaktbereich gepresst ist.
  2. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß dem Anspruch 1, wobei der zweite aktive Teil (14) eine metallisierte Schicht (21) aufweist, welche auf eine obere dielektrische Schicht (42) des Stapels geätzt ist, wobei die metallisierte Schicht (21) gegen die zweite Wand (20) des Wellenleiters gepresst ist, und wobei der Koppelschlitz (30) aus zwei Teilen gebildet ist, wobei ein erster Teil (30a) die zweite Wand (20) durchquert und ein zweiter Teil (30b) die metallisierte Schicht (21) durchquert.
  3. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß dem Anspruch 1, wobei der zweite aktive Teil eine metallisierte Schicht (21) aufweist, welche auf eine obere dielektrische Schicht (42) des Stapels geätzt ist, wobei die metallisierte Schicht (21) die zweite Wand des Wellenleiters bildet.
  4. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die erste Strahlwand (18) eine Mehrzahl von Abstrahlschlitzen (22), welche gemäß einem vorbestimmten regelmäßigen Gitter angeordnet sind, aufweist, und der Koppelschlitz (30) gegenüber einem schlitzfreien Bereich (23) der ersten Wand (18) angeordnet ist.
  5. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Wellenleiter (16) des ersten Strahlteils (12) ein Wellenleiter mit rechteckigem Querschnitt ist, wobei die erste Wand (18) und die zweite Wand (20) im Wesentlichen parallel sind.
  6. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Koppelschlitz (30) bezogen auf die zweite Wand (18) des Wellenleiters zentriert ist.
  7. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei der Ausrichtungswinkel (α) im Wesentlichen gleich 45 Grad ist.
  8. Elektromagnetische Antenne gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das zweite Ausbreitungsmedium eine damit zusammenhängende Wellenlänge aufweist und wobei der zweite aktive Teil (14) eine Übertragungsleitung (40), welche zwischen zwei gestapelte dielektrische Schichten (42, 44) gedruckt ist, aufweist, wobei die Übertragungsleitung einen Abschlussabschnitt (48) aufweist, dessen Länge abhängig von der mit dem zweiten Ausbreitungsmedium zusammenhängenden Wellenlänge ist.
EP18711379.0A 2017-03-23 2018-03-22 Elektromagnetische antenne Active EP3602689B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1700304A FR3064408B1 (fr) 2017-03-23 2017-03-23 Antenne electromagnetique
PCT/EP2018/057297 WO2018172459A1 (fr) 2017-03-23 2018-03-22 Antenne electromagnetique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3602689A1 EP3602689A1 (de) 2020-02-05
EP3602689B1 true EP3602689B1 (de) 2021-05-26

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US (1) US20200059002A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3602689B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3064408B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018172459A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11901601B2 (en) 2020-12-18 2024-02-13 Aptiv Technologies Limited Waveguide with a zigzag for suppressing grating lobes
US11444364B2 (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-09-13 Aptiv Technologies Limited Folded waveguide for antenna
US11962085B2 (en) 2021-05-13 2024-04-16 Aptiv Technologies AG Two-part folded waveguide having a sinusoidal shape channel including horn shape radiating slots formed therein which are spaced apart by one-half wavelength
US11616282B2 (en) 2021-08-03 2023-03-28 Aptiv Technologies Limited Transition between a single-ended port and differential ports having stubs that match with input impedances of the single-ended and differential ports
CN116231288B (zh) * 2023-05-09 2023-06-30 广东工业大学 一种低剖面双频垂直极化全向天线

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8599090B2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2013-12-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Waveguide slot array antenna apparatus
WO2015135153A1 (zh) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-17 华为技术有限公司 阵列天线

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3064408B1 (fr) 2019-04-26
US20200059002A1 (en) 2020-02-20
FR3064408A1 (fr) 2018-09-28
WO2018172459A1 (fr) 2018-09-27
EP3602689A1 (de) 2020-02-05

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