EP0991135A1 - Selektive Antenne mit Frequenzumschaltung - Google Patents

Selektive Antenne mit Frequenzumschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0991135A1
EP0991135A1 EP99402412A EP99402412A EP0991135A1 EP 0991135 A1 EP0991135 A1 EP 0991135A1 EP 99402412 A EP99402412 A EP 99402412A EP 99402412 A EP99402412 A EP 99402412A EP 0991135 A1 EP0991135 A1 EP 0991135A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
slots
slot
length
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99402412A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0991135B1 (de
Inventor
Laurent Yvelin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0991135A1 publication Critical patent/EP0991135A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0991135B1 publication Critical patent/EP0991135B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/14—Length of element or elements adjustable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas

Definitions

  • the invention provides an antenna capable of operating at several distinct frequencies by switching, while retaining according to given linear polarization given radiation pattern similar for each of the frequencies, while maintaining a level of weak cross polarization.
  • the developed length of a radiating slit is the sum of all the median lengths of each of the folded elements of the slot if this one comprises several, otherwise the developed length merges with the median length of the slit.
  • the thinner the slit i.e. the more the greater the relationship between its two dimensions, the greater the value of its developed length merges with that of its half-perimeter.
  • an antenna with radiating slits is provided. etched into a conductive surface connected to ground, the slots radiant having a perimeter corresponding to a length given radioelectric, characterized in that the antenna includes non-linear electronic circuits, an electronic circuit being associated with each radiant slot and comprising at least one electronic device for two states, a blocked state which does not change the radio length of the slot, and a passing state which decreases the radioelectric length of the slot by shortening the perimeter of the slot by short circuit between two points of said perimeter, in that the electronic circuits are synchronized so that the radiant slots switch from state to state other substantially at the same time, and in that the decreases in radio lengths of the slots are short enough that the antenna radiation patterns remain substantially stable.
  • each radiating slot being aligned according to a first direction, each radiating slot is T-shaped. This radiating slit shape keeps cross polarization low.
  • the slits can be machined in the mass of the metal structure of the waveguide, and the circuits electronics can then be etched on a substrate bonded to the surface conductive of the slots.
  • the thickness and the dielectric constant of the substrate 3 and of the radome 1 significantly influence the wavelength of resonance, and therefore the radio slot length. Indeed, the more these thicknesses and these dielectric constants are high, more for a given resonant frequency of the slit, the physical dimensions of the slits are small, allowing for a smaller footprint of each slot. However, the bandwidth of the antenna then also decreases.
  • the substrate 3 has a high thickness, of the order of 2 mm, and a constant high relative dielectric, of the order of 10. Radome 1, element antenna protector preferably plated on the conductive surface 2, can also cause significant ohmic losses when its thickness is too high.
  • the radome has a 4mm thick and its material is laminated glass-epoxy.
  • the cavity 5 removes the radiation from the antenna towards the back, that is to say on the side opposite the radome 1.
  • the presence of a cavity 5 increases the frequency selectivity of an antenna with radiating slits.
  • FIG. 2A schematically represents a radiating slit 20 of the antenna and the non-linear electronic circuit 70 associated with the slot 20, of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
  • the slot 20 is seen from above with respect to FIG. 1; it is engraved in the conductive surface 2.
  • the electronic circuit 70 in the example of FIG. 2A has only one electronic device 70a with which it merges.
  • the electronic circuit 70 is controlled by a control device 6 which is preferably common to several electronic circuits 70.
  • the control device 6 comprises for example a control line 61 and a high frequency decoupling inductor 62 including the slots 20 are the headquarters.
  • the electronic device 70a preferably comprises a wire connection 71 connecting two points 74 and 75 of the perimeter 21 of the slot 20.
  • the wire connection 71 preferably comprises a diode 72 and a capacitor 73 for decoupling the mass to which the conductive surface 2 is connected.
  • the slot 20 with a perimeter 21 corresponding to a radio length given, has a central bar 22 and a transverse bar 23 having flared sides 24.
  • the conductive surface 2 connected to ground, establishes a screen of electromagnetic protection against strong fields at frequencies lower than the resonance frequency of the slots 20. This screen protects all the electronics that are behind the conductive surface 2 and in particular behind the substrate 3.
  • the slot 20 can have various shapes.
  • the folded T shape shown in Figures 2A, 2B and 2C is a preferred form. Let D1 a first direction and D2 a second direction orthogonal to D1.
  • the slots 20, only one of which is shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, are aligned in direction D1.
  • the slot 20 has two bars 22 and 23; a crossbar 23 parallel to the direction D1 connected to the sound level center to a central bar 22 parallel to the direction D2. This folding reduces the overall dimensions in the direction D2 compared to a straight slot in direction D2 of the same radio length, at at the expense of a reduction in bandwidth.
  • the crossbar 23 widens towards its ends, as shown in Figure 2A the oblique side 24 of the bar transverse 23.
  • this flare widens the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • This flaring can also be carried out along the other side of the crossbar 23 or even simultaneously depending on the two sides of the crossbar 23, but in these two cases the gain in overall dimensions in the direction D1 is slightly smaller than in the case shown in Figure 2A.
  • the T-shaped slot is no longer symmetrical, the two branches of the crossbar 23 no longer have the same length; as explained above, the distance d is chosen to be sufficiently small by compared to the length of the crossbar 23 so that the diagram of radiation from the antenna remains substantially stable.
  • two electronic devices such as the device can be used electronics 70a, which could each be placed at a distance d / 2 from ends of crossbar 23.
  • the wire connection 71 shortens the crossbar 23 and therefore decreases the perimeter 21 of the slot 20.
  • the wire connection 71 is parallel to direction D2 and is located sufficiently in the vicinity of the plane of the conductive surface 2 so that the short circuit thus produced is effective and the radio length of the slot is reduced without appearance of parasitic inductive effects.
  • the wire connection 71 can be realized on either side of the substrate 3.
  • a preferred embodiment wire connection 71 is given in Figure 2D.
  • the wire link 71 is made in the form of metallic etching on the substrate face 3 which is located on the side opposite to the conductive surface 2. As in FIG. 2A, it preferably comprises a diode 72 and a capacity 73 for decoupling in series.
  • the capacity 73 is worth for example 500pF in the frequency domain preferential use around 1 GHz.
  • Metallized holes 71a and 71b connect the wire connection 71 respectively to the short-circuit points 74 and 75 located on the conductive surface 2.
  • Diode 72 is a two-state microwave diode. polarization. Diode 72, generally a PIN diode, advantageously has the following features: a fast switching time, by example less than 1 ⁇ s, a high reverse voltage withstand, from 500 to 1000 volts for example, an equivalent resistance in direct polarization relatively weak, for example 0.6 ohms, a very weak reverse capacitance, for example 0.4 pF.
  • Command line 61 carries signals from control of this diode, for example a voltage of -50 volts for the state blocked and a current of 50 mA for the on state.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a top view of a preferential antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna has preferably two slots 20 with electronic circuits 70 associates similar to that of Figure 2A. Slots 20, including bars central 22 are parallel to the direction D2, are aligned in the direction D1 which is the direction of polarization of the radiation emitted by the slits 20.
  • the alignment thus obtained has a small footprint and allows for undersized antennas with dimensions are of the order of the fractional resonance wavelength of the slot, by example of the order of half according to the direction D1 and of the third according to the direction D2.
  • the central bars 22 are spaced substantially a quarter of the resonant wavelength slots 20, which allows by establishing a phase difference excitation of about 90 degrees between the two slots 20 of the antenna greatly reduce radiation losses towards the back of the lobe main, i.e. towards the source of supply line 4 described below.
  • Such a combination of two slots 20 allows the radiation from a main lobe with a strong inclination relative to the surface driver 2.
  • the phase difference imposed by the sections of supply line 4 located between the two slots 20 is partially responsible for the effect of pointing the antenna beam.
  • Another important effect that comes into play in the pointing is the extracavity coupling, that is to say external to the cavity, between the slots 20, the intracavity coupling having been practically eliminated by the partition 51 connected to ground.
  • this coupling must be taken into account for each of the frequencies radiated by the antenna so that the aiming effect sought, corresponding to a specific radiation pattern depending on the intended application, be obtained for all circuit states electronic 70, which states correspond to lengths slot radio frequencies and therefore at frequencies radiated by the antenna.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents the radiation patterns in the two distinct frequencies F1 and F2 which correspond respectively to blocked and passing states of electronic devices 70a.
  • the diagrams of radiation are represented in the plane P of FIG. 3, the plane P being shown in phantom and passing through the midpoints of the bars central 22 of the slots 20, parallel to the direction D1, and perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3 which plane corresponds to the mean plane of the antenna at level of these environments.
  • the antenna is not necessarily flat, it can also be shaped to a particular surface, as in a preferential application discussed later.
  • the curves are in solid lines for frequency F1 and dashed lines for frequency F2.
  • the preferred field of application of the invention is the L band around 1GHz.
  • the bandwidth around each of these frequencies is around 20 MHz, about 2%, which means that the appearance of the radiation patterns is substantially stable in these two bandwidths.
  • the curves of the Figure 4 show that it is possible to obtain diagrams of stable and similar radiation over narrow bandwidths, around 2%, around significantly distant frequencies, their distance relative is around 6%. To obtain this operating result only by continuously widening a bandwidth around a center frequency of around 1060 MHz, a band should have been obtained 8% equivalent bandwidth, significantly more than bandwidths 2%.
  • Statements of TOS, standing wave rate show that the bandwidths in radiation pattern are also the bandwidths in TOS for the antenna considered in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 represents a variant of electronic circuit 70 comprising several electronic devices, here for example three, the devices 70a, 70b and 70c being similar to that of FIG. 3 and respectively located at distances d1, d2, d3.
  • the slots 20 then have a stable radiation pattern for several frequencies, frequencies corresponding to the different perimeter sizes 21 of the slots 20 obtainable with electronic devices 70a to 70c.
  • This variant allows for example to operate the antenna in escape mode frequency or in automatic frequency tuning correction mode.
  • the frequency evasion mode by nature requires a switching period in short frequency.
  • the automatic chord correction mode in frequency linked to the drift of the antenna characteristics as a function of certain parameters, such as temperature for example, may generally operate with a much longer switching period long.
  • One or more antenna networks previously described make it possible to make, for example, an identification system, of the IFF type (lFF having been defined above) operating at two frequencies F1 and F2, using conformed antennas, and covering the space in front of the aircraft on a angular sector given in elevation and azimuth.
  • the identification system is both an air-to-air system and an air-to-ground system.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP19990402412 1998-10-02 1999-10-01 Selektive Antenne mit Frequenzumschaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0991135B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9812381A FR2784236B1 (fr) 1998-10-02 1998-10-02 Antenne a commutation en frequence
FR9812381 1998-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0991135A1 true EP0991135A1 (de) 2000-04-05
EP0991135B1 EP0991135B1 (de) 2009-02-11

Family

ID=9531144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19990402412 Expired - Lifetime EP0991135B1 (de) 1998-10-02 1999-10-01 Selektive Antenne mit Frequenzumschaltung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0991135B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69940393D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2321891T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2784236B1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001003240A1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-11 Sky Eye Railway Services International Inc. Cavity-backed slot antenna resonating at two different frequencies
DE10047903A1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-25 Siemens Ag Mobile Funksende-/Funkempfangseinrichtung mit abstimmbarer Antenne
WO2002075841A2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-26 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Phased array antenna
US6965349B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2005-11-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Phased array antenna
WO2019045563A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 The Antenna Company International N.V. ANTENNA APPROPRIATE TO BE INTEGRATED IN A CIRCUIT BOARD, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WITH SUCH ANTENNA
NL2019472B1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-11 The Antenna Company International N V Antenna suitable to be integrated in a printed circuit board, printed circuit board provided with such an antenna

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0250832A2 (de) * 1986-06-23 1988-01-07 Ball Corporation Hohlraumschlitzantenne
EP0487387A1 (de) * 1990-11-23 1992-05-27 Thomson-Csf Flache Mikrowellen-Schlitzantenne
JPH0514034A (ja) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-22 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 偏波発生器
JPH07283649A (ja) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-27 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> アンテナ回路
US5754143A (en) * 1996-10-29 1998-05-19 Southwest Research Institute Switch-tuned meandered-slot antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0250832A2 (de) * 1986-06-23 1988-01-07 Ball Corporation Hohlraumschlitzantenne
EP0487387A1 (de) * 1990-11-23 1992-05-27 Thomson-Csf Flache Mikrowellen-Schlitzantenne
JPH0514034A (ja) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-22 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 偏波発生器
JPH07283649A (ja) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-27 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> アンテナ回路
US5754143A (en) * 1996-10-29 1998-05-19 Southwest Research Institute Switch-tuned meandered-slot antenna

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HISASHI MORISHITA ET AL: "CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED CAVITY-BACKED ANNULAR SLOT ANTENNA WITH ONE POINT SHORTED", IEICE TRANSACTIONS, vol. E74, no. 12, 1 December 1991 (1991-12-01), pages 4096 - 4098, XP000294919 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 283 (E - 1373) 31 May 1993 (1993-05-31) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 096, no. 002 29 February 1996 (1996-02-29) *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001003240A1 (en) * 1999-07-06 2001-01-11 Sky Eye Railway Services International Inc. Cavity-backed slot antenna resonating at two different frequencies
DE10047903A1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-25 Siemens Ag Mobile Funksende-/Funkempfangseinrichtung mit abstimmbarer Antenne
WO2002075841A2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-26 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Phased array antenna
WO2002075841A3 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-12-19 Hrl Lab Llc Phased array antenna
US6965349B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2005-11-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Phased array antenna
WO2019045563A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 The Antenna Company International N.V. ANTENNA APPROPRIATE TO BE INTEGRATED IN A CIRCUIT BOARD, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WITH SUCH ANTENNA
NL2019472B1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-11 The Antenna Company International N V Antenna suitable to be integrated in a printed circuit board, printed circuit board provided with such an antenna
US11211713B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2021-12-28 The Antenna Company International N.V. Antenna suitable to be integrated in a printed circuit board, printed circuit board provided with such an antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2784236B1 (fr) 2006-06-23
DE69940393D1 (de) 2009-03-26
FR2784236A1 (fr) 2000-04-07
EP0991135B1 (de) 2009-02-11
ES2321891T3 (es) 2009-06-12

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