Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
  • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
  • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
  • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
  • H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
  • H01Q19/24—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. H-antenna
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
  • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
  • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
  • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of telecommunications antennas transmitting radio waves in the microwave domain by means of radiating elements.
• radiating elements of various forms.
• One particular known is an element formed of two orthogonal polarized dipoles ⁇ 45 °, called "butterfly" type. These elements have advantages in terms of radio frequency performance, industrialization capacity, cost and robustness. This is why these elements are widely used for applications below 2.5 GHz. For higher frequency bands where there are very important constraints on the dimensions of the radiating elements and their assembly, this type of element has shown its limits due to its size and its mechanical properties.
• radiating elements printed on a dielectric substrate are used.
• This solution has the advantage of allowing a precise and repetitive manufacture, and of being usable for different frequency bands.
• these radiating elements have shortcomings in terms of bandwidth ("bandwidth" in English) and beamwidth, particularly in the horizontal plane, particularly when the ground plane on which the elements are placed.
• radiating is of limited size (less than the wavelength ⁇ o relative to the operating frequency of the antenna).
• the new services are more demanding in terms of bandwidth, require the highest possible gain and very high isolation levels between radiating elements in a more compact environment.
• One solution for broadening the bandwidth of the radiating elements is to optimize their shape, which gives them broad band properties and better stability of the radiation pattern.
• the environment of the radiating element has also been improved: improvement of the shape of the ground plane ("ground plane" in English) and side walls, addition of particular shapes to optimize the radiation pattern (stability, beamwidth, cross polarization level) and coupling (between radiating elements or between radiating element columns).
• the present invention therefore aims to provide an improved antenna compared to those of the prior art from the point of view of radio frequency performance, reliability and cost.
• Another object of the invention is to propose a multipolarized antenna
• the invention also proposes an antenna radiating element whose bandwidth is widened and the gain increased compared to the radiating elements known from the prior art.
• the invention also proposes a simple and easy method to implement for the manufacture of antenna radiating elements.
• the object of the present invention is an antenna comprising at least one antenna radiating element comprising
• At least one dipole comprising a foot and arms, printed on one of the faces of a plane support with a high dielectric constant
• At least one conductive line feeding the dipole, printed on the dipole support
• At least one parasitic element printed on the dipole support and arranged parallel to the dipole arms, - At least one parasitic element is disposed in a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the support carrying the radiating element and parallel to the arms of the dipole of the radiating element, the parasitic element being interposed between the rows of radiating elements.
• parasitic element is meant a conductive element disposed above a dipole, which is not powered directly or indirectly through the dipole. He is often referred to as the "director”. An increase of the gain and the width of the bandwidth is obtained by the addition of parasitic elements above the dipoles. Special attention is paid to the shape of the radiating elements
• the antenna comprises two crossed dipoles, respectively comprising two collinear arms, and at least one parasitic element associated with each dipole, the dipoles and the parasitic elements being printed on a support comprising orthogonal planes.
• the radiating elements of the antenna are printed side by side on a common plane support so as to form a row.
• the parasitic elements are fractal pattern.
• the radiating elements are fractal pattern.
• the antenna comprises at least two superimposed parasitic elements printed on the support of the dipole parallel to the arms of the dipole.
• the antenna further comprises a disturbing element is disposed in a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the support carrying the radiating element and parallel to the arms of the dipole of the radiating element, the disturbing element being interposed between the rows of radiating elements.
• the elements The function of the interferers is to minimize the coupling between the radiating elements by introducing disturbances in the electromagnetic field.
• the invention allows the improvement of the radio frequency performance of the antenna, in particular the improvement of the directivity, the increase of the bandwidth, the ability to multiband operation, and the improvement of the decoupling between adjacent columns of the antenna. elements.
• the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a radiating element of this antenna comprising at least one step of printing at least one dipole and at least one parasitic element on the same plane dielectric support, and a step of printing at least one interfering element on a dielectric plane support perpendicular to the plane of the support carrying the radiating element.
• the manufacturing process has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement, to obtain a solid and cheap radiating element.
• the radiating elements thus manufactured contribute to the assembly of more robust and more precise antennas despite the number of parasitic elements, and the addition of disturbing elements. .
• FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c show a diagrammatic front view of a vertically polarized radiating element comprising a parasitic element
• FIG. 2a shows a partial view of an antenna comprising radiating elements similar to those of FIGS. 1a-1c, and FIG. 2b is a detailed view of one of these elements,
• FIG. 3 shows in the ordinate the reflection factor I in deciblels as a function of the impedance F in ohms carried in abscissa
• FIG. 4 is the radiation diagram in the vertical plane of the antenna of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 5 is the radiation diagram in the horizontal plane of the antenna of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 6 represents a schematic front view of a radiating element comprising several parasitic elements
• FIGS. 7a-7h are diagrammatic front views of various vertically polarized radiating elements comprising a parasitic element
• FIGS. 8a and 8b are diagrammatic front views of a vertically polarized radiating element comprising a parasitic element in the form of a parasitic element; fractal,
• FIGS. 9a and 9b are a schematic view of the front and rear faces of a cross-polarized radiating element comprising a parasitic element
• FIG. 10 shows a partial view of an antenna comprising the cross-polarizing radiating elements similar to those of FIGS. 9a and 9b,
• FIG. 11 represents a schematic perspective view of an array of cross-polarized radiating elements comprising dipoles and fractal-shaped parasitic elements
• FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an array of cross-polarized radiating elements comprising staggered elements displaced in a first variant
• FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of an array of radiating elements comprising staggered elements staggered according to a second variant
• FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an array of vertically polarized plane radiating elements in which disturbing elements are placed between the rows of radiating elements according to a first variant
• FIG. 15 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an array of vertically polarized plane radiating elements in which disruptive elements are placed between the rows of radiating elements according to a second variant.
• FIG. 1 to 1 c is shown an embodiment of an alignment of radiating elements 1 vertically polarized plane.
• the radiating element 1 comprises a dipole 2 half-wave, composed of two half-dipoles separated by a slot 3 each having a foot 4 supporting an arm 5.
• the two arms 5 of the dipole 2 define a radiating line.
• this radiating line is surmounted by another radiating line formed by a parasitic element 6 or "director", which is not electrically connected with the dipole 2.
• the dipole 2 is fed by a conductive line 7 connected to a balun ("balun" in English) not shown.
• the dipole 2 microstrip type ("stripline” in English) and the parasitic element 6 are printed on one of the faces (fig.ib) of a substrate 8 with a low dielectric constant ⁇ r (1 ⁇ r ⁇ 5), such as for example a reference glass and teflon plate " TLX-08 "of the company” TACONIC ".
• the conductive line 7 is printed on the opposite face (fig.ic) of the dielectric support 8.
• FIG. 2a and 2b there is shown a portion of an antenna 20 comprising a row of twelve radiating elements 21 of the type shown in Figures 1a-1c.
• the radiating elements 21 are printed on a substrate 22 forming a printed circuit (PCB) 23.
• the printed circuit 23 is fixed on a reflector 24, forming a ground plane ("ground plane" in English), in the shape of a U and reduced surface area.
• the distance between the lateral flanges 25 forming the walls of the reflector is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna, for a very small antenna. compact.
• An enlarged representation of a radiating element 21 is given in FIG. 2b.
• Each radiating element 21 comprises a dipole 26 whose arms 27, in the extension of one another, have a total length L 1 .
• the arms 27 of the dipole 26, span L 1 are surmounted by a parasitic element 28 of length L 2 less than the length L 1 .
• the ratio R of the lengths L 2 ZL 1 is here, for example, 0.65.
• the combination of a dipole 26 and a parasitic element 28 makes it possible to obtain improved radiofrequency performances, in particular the bandwidth width.
• the reflection factor I in decibels is represented by the curve 30 in FIG. 3 as a function of the impedance F in ohms.
• the antenna In the 3.3-3.8GHz frequency band of WIMAX applications (14% of the frequency bandwidth), the antenna must operate with a ROS stationary wave ratio of 1.37, which corresponds to the right of reference 31 in full line. The operation of the antenna in the frequency range considered is satisfactory because the curve 30 is entirely below the reference line 31, and more particularly in the frequency range 3.51-3.69 GHz.
• the vertical radiofrequency radiation diagram (curve 40 in solid lines) shows the intensity of the radiation R in the vertical plane in dBi as a function of the angle A of radiation in degrees.
• a beam width, at half power (R -3dBi) in main polarization, 6 degrees is reached in the vertical plane.
• the curve 41 (in dashed lines) is at a very low level, at a level about 33 dB below what is observed in the main polarization.
• the horizontal radiofrequency radiation pattern (curve 50 in solid lines) is shown in FIG. 5.
• the intensity of the radiation R in the horizontal plane in dBi is given as a function of the angle A of radiation in degrees.
• the width of the beam is close to 90 ° in the horizontal plane.
• the curve 51 in dashed lines is at a very low level, at a level about 33 dB below what is observed in the main polarization.
• FIG 6 there is shown another embodiment of an alignment of radiating elements 60 vertically polarized.
• the radiating element 60 comprises a half-wave dipole 61 composed of two separate half-dipoles each comprising a foot 62 supporting an arm 63, fed by a conductive line 64.
• the two arms 63 of the dipoles 61 define a radiating line.
• this radiating line is surmounted by two other radiating lines respectively formed by a lower parasitic element 65 and by a parasitic element 66 upper.
• the parasitic elements 65, 66 superimposed are not electrically connected to each other, nor are they connected to the dipole 61.
• the radiating element 60 is printed on a support 67 which is a dielectric substrate.
• Figures 7a to 7h give examples of shapes that can take a broadband radiating element, having a dipole surmounted by a parasitic element, printed on a dielectric support. For each example, there is shown a dipole surmounted by a single parasitic element. It is understood that these forms are also valid for radiating elements comprising two or more parasitic elements.
• Figures 7a and 7b show a radiating element 70 whose dipoles have a flared shape, known under the name "bow tie” ("bow tie” in English); in Figure 7b, parasitic element 71 also adopts this form.
• Figures 7c and 7d show a radiating element 72 whose dipoles have a bulbous shape at the ends, known as the "dog bone” ("dogbone” in English); in Figure 7d, the parasitic element 73 also adopts this form.
• Figures 7e and 7f show a radiating element 74 whose dipoles have a curved shape, known as the "wings"("wings" in English); in FIG. 7f, parasitic element 75 also adopts this shape.
• Figures 7g and 7h show radiating elements 76, 77 having dipoles whose foot is separated into two parts by a slot 78, 79 bevel which is in a direction inverted respectively in the two figures. This type of beveled slot
• the technique of printing on a support also makes it possible to produce radiating elements 80, 81 from a fractal pattern as illustrated in FIG. 8, in order to improve the bandwidth and the multifrequency behavior.
• the parasitic element 82 of the radiating element 80 takes up a fractal pattern.
• the parasitic element 83 of the radiating element 81 takes up a fractal pattern and the two arms 84 also take a fractal pattern, for example. It becomes possible to simply obtain any kind of shape for radiating elements in two dimensions.
• the use of a fractal pattern is particularly advantageous in the case of broadband or multiband type applications.
• FIG. 9 schematically represents a radiating element 90 printed on a support 91 composed of two orthogonal planes 92, 93.
• the radiating element 90 comprises two interdigitally polarized dipoles 94, 95 ⁇ 45 °.
• the intersection Odes dipoles 94, 95 at their respective slot coincides with the intersection of the planes 92, 93 of the support 91.
• the dipoles 94, 95 are each surmounted by a parasitic element 96, 97.
• a dipole 94, 95 comprises a foot 98 and an arm 99 collinear conductors printed on a face 92a, 93a of a plane 92, 93 of the support 91.
• the dipole 94, 95 is fed by a conductive line 100 printed on the face 92b , 93b opposite of plan 92.
• the radiating element 90 implanted on the reflector 99 of an antenna is shown in perspective in FIG. 10. It is thus possible in a simple manner to obtain any kind of shape for three-dimensional radiating elements.
• FIG 11 represents an array of cross-polarized radiating elements.
• Each radiating element 110 comprises two dipoles 111, two parasitic elements 112 and two conductive lines for feeding the dipoles (not visible).
• Each orthogonal plane 113, 114 of the support is extended to serve as a support for printing the adjacent radiating element.
• the dipoles 111 comprise arms 115 made using a fractal pattern.
• the parasitic element 112 placed above the dipoles 111 is also made from a fractal pattern. It is thus possible to obtain, in a simple and flexible manner, all kinds of configurations associating radiating elements supported in three dimensions. Such an arrangement has the advantage of good mechanical strength through the interlocking planes into each other.
• FIG. 12 A particularly advantageous configuration for reducing the beamwidth in the horizontal plane is shown in FIG. 12. Additional parasitic elements 120 are added in a horizontal plane 121 placed above the orthogonal planes 122, 123 of the support, parallel to the arms of the dipoles. The dipoles 124 surmounted by a parasitic element 125 are printed on the parallel planes 123 of the support to form rows of parallel dipoles 124. In particular, the presence of the additional parasitic elements 120 on either side of the vertical plane 123 bearing the parasitic elements 125 surmounting the radiating line formed by the dipoles 124.
• the horizontal plane 121 may notably be a fixed plastic part. on the support 122, 123, and on which the additional parasitic elements 120 have been printed. Of course additional parasitic elements 120, or directors, can adopt all the previously mentioned forms.
• the addition of the horizontal plane 121 also has the advantage of stiffening the network of radiating elements and contributing to the mechanical strength of the antenna.
• FIG. 13 shows a particular embodiment of additional parasitic elements 130 in the case of cross-polarization radiating elements ⁇ 45 °.
• the parasitic elements 130 are here in the form of a potent cross, and arranged on a horizontal plane 131 above the intersection of the orthogonal planes 132, 133 of the dielectric support on which are printed the dipoles 134 surmounted by a parasitic element 135.
• the main axes 136, 137 of the potent cross coincide respectively with the orthogonal planes 132, 133 of the dielectric support.
• This technique of printing on a dielectric support makes it possible to produce multiband antennas comprising radiating elements 140 aligned in parallel rows.
• the radiating elements 140 are printed on parallel planes 141 of the row support.
• the planes 142 forming columns, perpendicular to the planes 141, carry disturbing elements 143 whose function is to minimize the coupling between the parallel rows of radiating elements by introducing disturbances in the electromagnetic field.
• the disturbing elements 143 are metallic and they are interposed in the dielectric support forming the columns in the plane 142. This configuration is particularly advantageous for systems requiring high isolation between rows of elements, such as a MIMO application.
• disturbing elements 150 here in the form of a cross, can be printed on a horizontal plane 151 also carrying parasitic elements 152.
• the horizontal plane 151 is disposed above the intersection of the planes 153 forming columns and orthogonal planes 154 forming rows of radiating elements printed on the dielectric support, that is to say the dipoles 155 surmounted by a parasitic element 156.
• the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but it is capable of many variants accessible to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

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• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2009
  • 2009-06-11 FR FR0902840A patent/FR2946805B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-06-10 JP JP2012514474A patent/JP2012529826A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-06-10 BR BRPI1010726A patent/BRPI1010726A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-06-10 WO PCT/EP2010/058137 patent/WO2010142756A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-06-10 US US13/376,543 patent/US20120146872A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-06-10 EP EP10725107A patent/EP2441119A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-06-10 CN CN201080025894XA patent/CN102804495A/zh active Pending
• 2014
  • 2014-07-02 JP JP2014136601A patent/JP2014212562A/ja not_active Abandoned

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