EP0654845B1 - Anpassbares Dipolstrahlerelement in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik, Verfahren zur Einstellung der Anpassung und entsprechende Gruppenantenne - Google Patents

Anpassbares Dipolstrahlerelement in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik, Verfahren zur Einstellung der Anpassung und entsprechende Gruppenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0654845B1
EP0654845B1 EP19940460042 EP94460042A EP0654845B1 EP 0654845 B1 EP0654845 B1 EP 0654845B1 EP 19940460042 EP19940460042 EP 19940460042 EP 94460042 A EP94460042 A EP 94460042A EP 0654845 B1 EP0654845 B1 EP 0654845B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiating element
end portion
variable
slot
adjusting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19940460042
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0654845A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Behe
Patrice 16 Avenue De Flirey Brachat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
Original Assignee
France Telecom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by France Telecom SA filed Critical France Telecom SA
Publication of EP0654845A1 publication Critical patent/EP0654845A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0654845B1 publication Critical patent/EP0654845B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of telecommunications antennas up to frequencies of the order of a gigahertz.
  • the invention relates to a radiating element of the dipole type.
  • a radiating element of the dipole type it is still common in high frequency telecommunications to use a such a radiating element of the dipole type as transmitting or receiving antenna omnidirectional.
  • the invention has many applications, such as for example the readings of fields, of the antenna diagram measurement type or even compatibility measurement electromagnetic.
  • the radiating elements of the dipole type known from the prior art are generally made up of elements of two-wire lines, i.e. cylindrical rods conductive, powered by a power line.
  • the supply lines (for example the coaxial lines) are generally asymmetrical, while the radiating elements are symmetrical.
  • balun represents traditionally as a transformer that involves localized impedances or distributed, and allows, when placed between a symmetrical radiating element and a asymmetrical supply line, to make the currents symmetrical on the structure radiant.
  • a balun has the major drawback of requiring an adjustment always a delicate point.
  • radiating elements consisting of cylindrical rods which are self-symmetrized, so that they can be used without a balun. Obtaining, on these radiating elements, such a characteristic of autosymmetry cannot however be obtained only at the expense of an increased complexity of their structure.
  • the energy emitted by a generator and transmitted to a radiating element by a supply line is not radiated by the element radiant but returned to the generator.
  • this adaptation is achieved through the use of two sections additional (or stubs) placed one in series and the other in parallel. We speak then double stub adapter. Now, the determination of the length of each stub (series or being empirical, adaptation requires many operations of soldering / desoldering.
  • the invention particularly aims to overcome these various drawbacks of the state of the art.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide a radiating element dipole type which has a large bandwidth and omnidirectional diagrams while having a small footprint and a very simple mechanical implementation.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a radiating element of the type dipole which does not require the joint use of a balun.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a radiating element of the type dipole which is easily adaptable to the supply line to which it is connected.
  • Such a radiating element according to the invention is produced in printed technology, which allows a considerable saving of space and a much easier mechanical maintenance.
  • the metal deposit comprises on the one hand the two lateral strands (forming the horizontal bar of the T) which constitute the actual dipole, and on the other hand an extension, in a direction orthogonal to these lateral strands (extension forming the vertical bar of T), which constitutes the ground plane for the line feed.
  • this ground plane associated with the supply line ensures that the feed is self-symmetrized. In other words, such a radiant element does not require the joint use of a balun.
  • the power line supplies the two side strands via of the coupling slot.
  • a suitable choice of these first and second variable lengths allows to adapt the radiating element over a wide band.
  • the radiating element according to the invention as defined in claim 1 is also adaptable thanks to the first and / or second means with variable capacity. Indeed, the modification of the capacity of first means has the same effect as a "physical" lengthening or reduction (i.e. real) of the first variable length. Similarly, we can act on the second variable length by modifying the capacity of the second means to capacity variable.
  • said slot is of rectangular shape.
  • the cumulative length of all of said two lateral strands is substantially equal to half the operating wavelength of said element radiant.
  • said two lateral strands are of the same length.
  • said supply line is a microstrip line.
  • the radiating element also includes reflection means for suppressing radiation rear of said radiating element.
  • the energy radiated by the radiating element is directed forward. This saves about 3 dB on the maximum directivity of the element radiant.
  • the invention also relates to a network of radiating elements comprising at least at least two radiating elements according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to a method of adjusting the adaptation of a radiating element, characterized in that it comprises a first step of adjusting said first variable length and a second step of adjusting said second variable length.
  • said first step of adjusting the first variable length consists in modifying the value of the capacity of first means with variable capacity connected between a ground plane and the end of the line feed located in the first end portion
  • said second step of adjusting the second variable length consists in modifying the value of the capacity of second variable capacity means connected between a ground plane and the end of the slot located in the second end portion
  • said first step of adjusting the first variable length also consists in partially cutting said first end portion of the supply line, and said second step of adjusting the second variable length also includes partially plugging said second end portion of the slot with a conductive material.
  • the invention therefore relates to a radiating element of the dipole type produced in printed technology.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a mode of realization of such a radiating element.
  • the radiating element according to the invention comprises mainly a substrate plate 1, a supply line 2, and a deposit metallic 3.
  • Supply line 2 is located on the underside of the substrate plate 1. This is for example a microstrip line of width w. This power line 2 is connected to a connector 4 (for example of SMA type) allowing the element to be connected radiating to a traditional coaxial cable (not shown).
  • a connector 4 for example of SMA type
  • the metal deposit 3 is located on the upper face of the substrate plate 1 and is T-shaped.
  • the horizontal bar of this T of the metal deposit which is the radiating part 8 of the radiating element, consists of two lateral strands 5, 6 separated by a coupling slot 7.
  • the length L and the width W of this radiating part 8 determine the mechanical properties specific to the radiating element.
  • the two lateral strands 5, 6 are of the same length L / 2.
  • the supply line 2 supplies the radiating part 8 (i.e. the two lateral strands 5, 6) via the coupling slot 7.
  • This slot 7 is by example of rectangular shape.
  • the vertical bar 11 of the T of the metal deposit 3 extends from the two strands side 5, 6 to connector 4.
  • This part 11 of the metallic deposit 3 constitutes a ground plane for the line supply 2 located on the other side of the substrate plate 1.
  • the radiating element generates symmetrical currents on the radiating part 8.
  • the radiating element of the invention is autosymmetrized.
  • the supply line 2 has at its end opposite to that connected to the connector 4, an end portion of length l1 extending beyond the axis of the slot 7. This first length 11 of the end portion of the supply line 2 constitutes a series 9 open circuit stub.
  • the coupling slot 7 has an end portion of length l2 extending beyond the supply line 2. This second length l2 of the end portion of the slot 7 constitutes a parallel stub 10 short-circuit in line with the slot.
  • the radiating element according to the invention comprises, although produced in print technologist, a serial stub and a parallel stub. These two series and parallel stubs allow the adaptation of the radiating element, according to the principle of double adaptation stub, over a wide frequency band.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variation curve, as a function of the frequency, of the Standing wave ratio (ROS) for an example of a radiating element as shown in figure 1.
  • ROS Standing wave ratio
  • This curve makes it possible to calculate the passband [f 1 , f 2 ] of the radiating element, that is to say the frequency band for which the ROS is less than 2.
  • This passband can also be expressed in percentage, obtained by dividing the width (f 2 -f 1 ) of the passband by the center frequency f 3 of this passband.
  • the radiating element according to the invention therefore has a wide pass band.
  • FIG. 8 presents a variation curve, in a Smith chart, of the input impedance Z e for the previous example of a radiating element.
  • variable capacity means are for example, as presented in FIG. 3, varactors 31 controlled electronically. So the variation of the capacity of these variable capacity means 31 has the same effect as an extension or a decrease in the length of the corresponding stub 9.
  • such an adjustment of the adaptation of the radiating element consists in modifying the capacities of the first and / or second means with variable capacity, which is equivalent to a modification of the lengths 11, 12 of stubs.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a radiating element according to the invention.
  • this second embodiment differs from the first only in that it comprises reflection means 61 making it possible to remove a rear radiation of this radiating element.
  • the radiation of the dipole alone 62 is omnidirectional except in the axis of the dipole.
  • we wish to direct the radiated energy towards the front of the dipole i.e. on the side opposite excitement).
  • reflection means 61 in the case where they consist of a reflector (at defect of an ideally undefined defector plane), allow to gain about 3 dB on the maximum directivity.
  • FIG. 7 presents an example of an array 71 of radiating elements 72 according to the invention.
  • the networking of radiating elements also makes it possible to obtain a increased directivity and can therefore be combined or not with a reflector.
  • the network 71 comprises three radiating elements 72 as well as a reflector 73.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Adaptierbares Abstrahlungselement vom Dipoltyp, bestehend aus:
    einer Substratplatte (1);
    einer Einspeiseleitung (2), die an der unteren Fläche der Substratplatte (1) angebracht ist;
    einer metallischen Ablagerungsschicht (3) auf der oberen Fläche der Substratplatte (1), die in etwa die Form eines T's aufweist, wobei der waagerechte Arm des T's aus zwei Seitensträngen (5, 6) besteht, die durch einen Koppelungsschlitz (7) getrennt sind und der senkrechte Arm (11) des T's eine Masse-Ebene für die Einspeiseleitung (1) bildet, und wobei die Seitenstränge (5, 6) den abstrahlenden Teil des Abstrahlungselementes bilden,
    wobei die Einspeiseleitung (2) einen ersten Endteil (9) aufweist, deren Längsachse die Achse des Koppelungsschlitzes (7) schneidet und hinter der Achse dieses Koppelungsschlitzes eine erste variable Länge (11) aufweist,
    und wobei der Koppelungsschlitz (7) einen zweiten Endteil (10) aufweist, der sich über die Achse des ersten Endteils (9) der Einspeiseleitung um eine zweite variable Länge (12) erstreckt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es über erste (31) und/oder zweite Mittel variabler Kapazität verfügt, wobei die ersten Mittel variabler Kapazität (31) zwischen einer Masse-Ebene (6) und dem Ende (32) der Einspeiseleitung (3) angeschlossen sind, welches sich im ersten Endteil (6) und dem Ende (32) der Einspeiseleitung (3) befindet, die sich selbst im ersten Endteil (9) befindet, und wobei die zweiten Mittel variabler Kapazität zwischen einer Masse-Ebene und dem Ende des Schlitzes angeschlossen sind, welches sich im zweiten Endteil befindet.
  2. Abstrahlungselement gemäß Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schlitz (7) eine rechteckige Form aufweist.
  3. Abstrahlungselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kumulierte Länge der aus den zwei Seitensträngen (5, 6) bestehenden Gruppe in etwa der Hälfte der Betriebswellenlänge des Abstrahlungselementes gleicht.
  4. Abstrahlungselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Seitenstränge (5, 6) die gleiche Länge aufweisen.
  5. Abstrahlungselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einspeiseleitung (3) eine Mikrobandleitung ist.
  6. Abstrahlungselement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ebenfalls über Reflexionsmittel (61) verfügt, die eine Abstrahlung des Abstrahlungselementes nach hinten verhindert.
  7. Netz von Abstrahlungselementen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mindestens zwei Abstrahlungselemente (72) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfaßt.
  8. Verfahren zum Einstellen und Anpassen eines Abstrahlungselementes gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen ersten Einstellungsschritt der ersten variablen Länge (11) und einen zweiten Einstellungsschritt der zweiten variablen Länge (12) aufweist.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Einstellungsschritt der ersten variablen Länge in der Änderung der Kapazität der ersten Mittel variabler Kapazität besteht, welche zwischen einer Masse-Ebene und dem Ende der im ersten Endteil befindlichen Einspeiseleitung angeschlossen sind und,
    daß der zweite Einstellungsschritt der zweiten variablen Länge in der Änderung der Kapazität der zweiten Mittel variabler Kapazität besteht, welche zwischen einer Masse-Ebene und dem Ende des Schlitzes angeschlossen sind, welches sich im zweiten Endteil befindet.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Einstellungsschritt der ersten variablen Länge auch darin besteht, daß der erste Endteil der Einspeiseleitung teilweise abgeschnitten wird und,
    daß der zweite Einstellungsschritt der zweiten variablen Länge auch darin besteht,
    daß der zweite Endteil des Schlitzes teilweise mit einer leitenden Substanz ausgefüllt wird.
EP19940460042 1993-11-24 1994-11-18 Anpassbares Dipolstrahlerelement in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik, Verfahren zur Einstellung der Anpassung und entsprechende Gruppenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0654845B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314276 1993-11-24
FR9314276A FR2713020B1 (fr) 1993-11-24 1993-11-24 Elément rayonnant du type dipôle réalisé en technologie imprimée, procédé d'ajustement de l'adaptation et réseau correspondants.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0654845A1 EP0654845A1 (de) 1995-05-24
EP0654845B1 true EP0654845B1 (de) 1999-01-20

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EP19940460042 Expired - Lifetime EP0654845B1 (de) 1993-11-24 1994-11-18 Anpassbares Dipolstrahlerelement in gedruckter Schaltungstechnik, Verfahren zur Einstellung der Anpassung und entsprechende Gruppenantenne

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EP (1) EP0654845B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69416088T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2713020B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2797098B1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2007-02-23 France Telecom Antenne imprimee bi-polarisation et reseau d'antennes correspondant
FR2854739A1 (fr) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-12 France Telecom Dispositif formant antenne, capteur ou sonde electromagnetique
FR2882468A1 (fr) 2005-02-18 2006-08-25 France Telecom Antenne dipole imprimee multibandes
BRPI0912984A2 (pt) 2008-05-19 2017-05-23 Galtronics Corp Ltd antena conformável

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845490A (en) * 1973-05-03 1974-10-29 Gen Electric Stripline slotted balun dipole antenna
US4114163A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-09-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army L-band radar antenna array
US4825220A (en) * 1986-11-26 1989-04-25 General Electric Company Microstrip fed printed dipole with an integral balun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2713020A1 (fr) 1995-06-02
DE69416088D1 (de) 1999-03-04
DE69416088T2 (de) 1999-09-16
FR2713020B1 (fr) 1996-02-23
EP0654845A1 (de) 1995-05-24

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