EP0888647B1 - Wendelantenne mit integrierter breitbandspeisung und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents

Wendelantenne mit integrierter breitbandspeisung und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0888647B1
EP0888647B1 EP97914394A EP97914394A EP0888647B1 EP 0888647 B1 EP0888647 B1 EP 0888647B1 EP 97914394 A EP97914394 A EP 97914394A EP 97914394 A EP97914394 A EP 97914394A EP 0888647 B1 EP0888647 B1 EP 0888647B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
feed
radiating strands
elements
semi
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97914394A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0888647A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Blot
Ala Sharaiha
Jean-Marc Toureilles
Claude Terret
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/222—180° rat race hybrid rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of wide bandwidth antennas and hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical radiation pattern. More precisely, the invention relates to resonant helical antennas, and in particular the power supply such antennas.
  • the antenna of the invention finds applications in particular in the context of mobile satellite communications between fixed users and all types of mobiles, for example aeronautical, maritime or terrestrial.
  • mobile satellite communications for example aeronautical, maritime or terrestrial.
  • systems in this area satellite communications are being implemented, or are in the process of being development (e.g. INMARSAT, INMARSAT-M systems, GLOBALSTAR, ).
  • These antennas are also of interest in the deployment personal communication systems (PCS) by geostationary satellites.
  • PCS personal communication systems
  • the invention can find applications in all systems requiring the use of a broad band, a cover diagram hemispherical, circular polarization and a good ellipticity ratio.
  • the antennas must indeed have the above characteristics either in a very wide bandwidth, around 10%, in two neighboring sub-bands corresponding respectively to the reception and broadcast.
  • This antenna called the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna (HQR)
  • HQR resonant quadrifilar helix antenna
  • a quadrifilar antenna is formed by four radiating strands.
  • An example of realization is described in detail in the document "Analysis of quadrifilar resonant helical antenna for mobile communications "(analysis of the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna for mobile communications), by A. Sharaiha and C. Terret (IEEE-Proceedings H, vol. 140, no.4, August 1993).
  • the radiating strands are printed on a substrate thin dielectric, then wound on a transparent cylindrical support of the radio point of view.
  • the four strands of the propeller are open or short-circuited one end and electrically connected at the other end with segments conductors arranged on the base of the lower part of the support cylinder.
  • the fourth helix strands are therefore excited through these conductive segments.
  • This antenna conventionally requires a supply circuit, which ensures the excitation of the different antenna strands by signals of the same amplitude in phase quadrature.
  • Several techniques are known for making such circuits feed.
  • This technique has the advantage of being relatively simple to carry out and to put in action. On the other hand, it leads to a non-negligible bulk, compared to the size of the antenna (which can for example have a size of the order of ten centimeters). This drawback makes this solution incompatible with many applications, especially when maximum miniaturization is required.
  • each two-wire propeller can be powered by a coaxial balun of the so-called "balun” type folded ".
  • the two two-wire are then excited in phase quadrature using a hybrid coupler.
  • balun / adapter assembly used for this type of antennas (made for example from a coaxial section, the core and sheath form dipole) is complex and bulky.
  • this type of assembly has the disadvantage of forming a kind of bandpass filter still too narrow.
  • This technique eliminates hybrid couplers. It presents in however the disadvantage of requiring a delicate adjustment of the length of the strands. Moreover, the antenna is no longer symmetrical, and production will be more complex. Furthermore, this method remains specifically reserved for systems using a band of close operation.
  • the invention particularly aims to overcome these various disadvantages of the state of technique.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide an antenna and its feed system (hereinafter the term “antenna” includes the antenna itself and its power system) which has a very wide frequency band of operation, for example greater than 10%.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an antenna, which is of a cost cost of little importance, and easily achievable industrially.
  • the invention aims to provide such an antenna, which can be manufactured in a very small number of successive operations.
  • Another object of the invention is also to provide such an antenna, which does not requires specific and complex adjustments.
  • Yet another objective of the invention is to provide such an antenna (and including its power system), which is compact, compared to to known devices.
  • the invention also aims to provide such an antenna, which provides a excitation equiamplitude of the four strands and a law in exact phase quadrature, and therefore good quality of circular polarization.
  • a resonant helical antenna comprising at least one helix formed by at least two radiating strands printed on a substrate, comprising a miniaturized wideband supply structure for said radiating strands printed on said substrate and comprising at least one hybrid coupler produced from elements semi-localized, so as to reduce its dimensions.
  • hybrid couplers made from semi-localized elements makes it possible to obtain the very broad band and all the desired qualities, and in particular a small footprint, compared to systems based on the use of lines classics.
  • said propeller is a quadrifilar propeller, formed of four strands radiators supplied by a supply structure comprising three couplers hybrids.
  • said supply structure includes a first 180 ° hybrid coupler combining an input and / or output supplying said antenna with two phase-shifted outputs and / or intermediate inputs 180 °, and two 90 ° hybrid couplers each associating one of said outputs and / or intermediate inputs of said first hybrid coupler at one end of two said radiating strands.
  • said antenna is mounted on a support having first and second separate parts having different permittivities, said first part carrying said radiating strands and said second part carrying said supply structure.
  • said first part carrying the antenna strands has a permittivity greater than 1.
  • An antenna as described above can be used alone, or in a network antennas.
  • the invention also relates to the manufacture of such antennas, which is found particularly simplified, compared to known techniques.
  • the invention therefore relates to a broadband feed system antenna integrated, carried out according to a simple manufacturing technique and having a low cost of come back.
  • the invention can be applied to any type of antenna in a helix.
  • the preferred embodiment described above relates to an antenna quadrifilar.
  • the four strands of the antenna are printed on the same substrate and a feeding structure.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the printed items, when the antenna is developed flat.
  • They are for example made of copper, on a thin dielectric substrate, such as kapton ( ⁇ r ⁇ 3.8).
  • the four strands 11 1 to 11 4 are preferably open at their upper end 15 1 to 15 4 . They can also be short-circuited. However, the system of the invention is particularly suitable for the excitation of antennas with more open strands which, for equal performance, have smaller dimensions than the antennas with short-circuited strands.
  • the other end 16 1 to 16 4 of the strands is connected to the feed lines of the supply circuit.
  • the supply system is produced on the same substrate, as an extension of the antenna. It is made up of three hybrid couplers 12, 13 and 14 designed in elements semi-localized.
  • the first hybrid coupler 12 is connected on the one hand to the input (respectively output depending on use) 17 signal from the antenna, and the other at the two inputs (respectively outputs) 18 and 19 of the two other couplers 13 and 14. It is a 180 ° hybrid coupler.
  • the hybrid couplers 13 and 14 are two identical 90 ° couplers. They are connected on the one hand to the input 18 (respectively 19) and on the other hand to the end of the strands 16 1 and 16 2 (respectively 16 3 and 16 4 ).
  • the four strands are fed in perfect phase quadrature, on a very broadband.
  • the assembly thus obtained is then wound on a cylindrical support, to obtain the operational antenna, shown in front view in FIG. 2.
  • the cylindrical support is a transparent support from the radioelectric point of view, that is to say having a permittivity close to 1.
  • the 90 ° couplers 13 and 14 each consist of 4 wide elements 31 1 and 314, connected 2 to 2 by 4 lines of small width 321 to 32 4 .
  • the 190 ° coupler includes 6 wide elements 331 to 336 connected by 6 narrow lines 34 1 to 34 6 .
  • Figures 8A and 8C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler.
  • FIG. 8A presents a classic diagram of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler in elements distributed. It includes two sections of line 81, 82 of length ⁇ g / 4 and of impedance characteristic Zc, and two sections of line 83, 84 of length ⁇ g / 4, and of impedance Zc / ⁇ 2.
  • Figures 5 and 6 relate to the radiation patterns measured in right circular polarization (a) and left circular polarization (b), respectively at frequencies 1.98 GHz ( Figure 5) and 2.2 GHz ( Figure 6).
  • Figure 7 shows the gain measured in the direction of maximum radiation depending on the frequency. We can see that the antenna can be used in a very wide band (greater than 12%) with good performance (gain, rejection of the reverse polarization, omnidirectionality, ).
  • An antenna according to the invention can be produced in several ways.
  • the substrate intended for receive the printed elements can be realized directly in its cylindrical shape definitive.
  • the printing of the strands and the feeding structure is carried out directly on the cylinder.
  • the antenna the invention advantageously lends itself to the production of antenna arrays.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Resonante Wendelantenne, mit mindestens einer Wendel, die aus mindestens zwei auf einem Substrat aufgedruckten Strahlungselementen (111 bis 114) gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie über eine miniaturisierte Einspeisestruktur für die aufgedruckten Strahlungselemente sowie über mindestens einen Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14) verfügt, der aus örtlich halb begrenzten Elementen (311 bis 314, 331 bis 336) gebildet wird, welche folgendermaßen verwirklicht werden:
    Konzipieren eines aus verteilten Elementen bestehenden Kopplers, wobei jedes Teilstück mindestens die Länge λg/4 aufweist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt;
    Festlegung einer entsprechenden Struktur aus örtlich begrenzten Elementen, wobei jedes Teilstück durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, die aus einer Kapazität C und zwei Induktivitäten L und L' gebildet wird;
    Festlegung einer Struktur aus örtlich halb begrenzten Elementen, wobei jedes dieser Kapazitäten C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jeder der Induktivitäten L und L' durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so daß es sich bei der Einspeisestruktur um eine Breitbandstruktur handelt, deren Platzbedarf geringer als λg/4 ist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wendel eine aus vier Strahlungselementen (111 bis 114) gebildete, vieradrige Wendel ist, welche durch eine Einspeisestruktur gespeist wird, die drei Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14) umfaßt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einspeisestruktur einen ersten 180° Richtkoppler (12) umfaßt, der einem Ein- und/oder einem Ausgang der Antenne zwei um 180° phasenverschobene Zwischenaus- und/oder -eingänge zuordnet, sowie zwei 90° Richtkoppler (13, 14), die jeweils einem der erwähnten Zwischenaus- und/oder-eingänge des ersten Richtkopplers eines der Enden der Strahlungselemente zuordnet.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie auf einer Unterlage montiert ist, die einen ersten und einen zweiten voneinander verschiedene Teile aufweist, mit jeweils verschiedenen Dielektrizitätskonstanten, wobei der erste Teil die Strahlungselemente (111 bis 114) und der zweite Teil die Einspeisestruktur trägt.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste, die Strahlungselemente (111 bis 114) tragende Teil, eine höhere Dielektrizitätskonstante als die des zweiten Teils aufweist.
  6. Herstellungsverfahren für eine resonante Wendelantenne mit miniaturisierter Einspeisung, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
    Aufdrucken von mindestens zwei Strahlungselementen (111 bis 114) auf ein ebenes Substrat, die eine Wendel bilden, sowie einer unabhängigen miniaturisierten Breitband-Einspeisestruktur für die Strahlungselemente, bestehend aus mindestens einem Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14), der von örtlich halb-begrenzten Elementen gebildet wird, welche folgendermaßen verwirklicht werden:
    Konzipieren eines aus verteilten Elementen bestehenden Kopplers, wobei jedes Teilstück mindestens die Länge λg/4 aufweist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt;
    Festlegung einer entsprechenden Struktur aus örtlich begrenzten Elementen, wobei jedes Teilstück durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, die aus einer Kapazität C und zwei Induktivitäten L und L' gebildet wird;
    Festlegung einer Struktur aus örtlich begrenzten Elementen, wobei jede Kapazität C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jede der Induktivitäten L und L' durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so daß es sich bei der Einspeisestruktur um eine Breitbandstruktur handelt, deren Platzbedarf geringer als λg/4 ist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt;
    Aufrollen des Substrats auf eine zylindrische Unterlage.
  7. Herstellungsverfahren für eine resonante Wendelantenne mit miniaturisierter Einspeisung, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
    Erstellen einer zylindrischen Unterlage, die ein Substrat trägt;
    Aufdrucken auf das Substrat von mindestens zwei Strahlungselementen (111 bis 114), die eine Wendel bilden, sowie einer unabhängigen miniaturisierten Breitband-Einspeisestruktur für die Strahlungselemente, bestehend aus mindestens einem Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14), der aus örtlich halb-begrenzten Elemente gebildet wird, welche folgendermaßen verwirklicht werden:
    Konzipieren eines aus verteilten Elementen bestehenden Kopplers, wobei jedes Teilstück mindestens die Länge λg/4 aufweist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt;
    Festlegung einer entsprechenden Struktur aus örtlich begrenzten Elementen, wobei jedes Teilstück durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, die aus einer Kapazität C und zwei Induktivitäten L und L' gebildet wird;
    Festlegung einer Struktur aus örtlich begrenzten Elementen, wobei jede Kapazität C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jede der Induktivitäten L und L' durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so daß es sich bei der Einspeisestruktur um eine Breitbandstruktur handelt, deren Platzbedarf geringer als λg/4 ist, wobei λg die größte Wellenlänge ist, welche das Funktionieren der Antenne zuläßt.
EP97914394A 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Wendelantenne mit integrierter breitbandspeisung und verfahren zu deren herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0888647B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9603698A FR2746547B1 (fr) 1996-03-19 1996-03-19 Antenne helice a alimentation large bande integree, et procedes de fabrication correspondants
FR9603698 1996-03-19
PCT/FR1997/000455 WO1997035356A1 (fr) 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Antenne helice a alimentation large bande integree, et procedes de fabrication correspondants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0888647A1 EP0888647A1 (de) 1999-01-07
EP0888647B1 true EP0888647B1 (de) 2001-10-31

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US (1) US6181295B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0888647B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1218582A (de)
AU (1) AU2165097A (de)
CA (1) CA2248853A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69707845T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2165036T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2746547B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1997035356A1 (de)

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FR2814286B1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2004-05-28 France Telecom Antenne helice a brins de largeur variable
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GB0204014D0 (en) * 2002-02-20 2002-04-03 Univ Surrey Improvements relating to multifilar helix antennas
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US7372427B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2008-05-13 Sarentel Limited Dielectrically-loaded antenna
JP2010541468A (ja) * 2007-10-02 2010-12-24 エアゲイン、インコーポレイテッド 位相シフトするコンパクト多素子アンテナ
GB2468583B (en) * 2009-03-12 2013-07-03 Sarantel Ltd A dielectrically loaded antenna
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US8456375B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-06-04 Sarantel Limited Multifilar antenna
TWI404265B (zh) * 2009-05-05 2013-08-01 Univ Nat Chiao Tung Printed dipole antenna and its manufacturing method
GB0911635D0 (en) * 2009-07-03 2009-08-12 Sarantel Ltd A dielectrically-loaded antenna
US8618998B2 (en) 2009-07-21 2013-12-31 Applied Wireless Identifications Group, Inc. Compact circular polarized antenna with cavity for additional devices
US9407150B2 (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-08-02 Raytheon Company High efficiency zero-voltage switching (ZVS) assistance circuit for power converter
CN104702267A (zh) * 2015-03-21 2015-06-10 徐园园 一种可调的混合耦合器电路
CN108258388A (zh) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 深圳市景程信息科技有限公司 双频宽带四臂螺旋天线
CN115458915A (zh) * 2022-09-14 2022-12-09 中国计量科学研究院 天线系数的确定装置、系统及确定方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2248853A1 (en) 1997-09-25
WO1997035356A1 (fr) 1997-09-25
ES2165036T3 (es) 2002-03-01
AU2165097A (en) 1997-10-10
US6181295B1 (en) 2001-01-30
FR2746547A1 (fr) 1997-09-26
EP0888647A1 (de) 1999-01-07
DE69707845D1 (de) 2001-12-06
CN1218582A (zh) 1999-06-02
FR2746547B1 (fr) 1998-06-19
DE69707845T2 (de) 2002-05-29

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