EP4203191A1 - Planare zirkular polarisierte hochfrequenzantenne - Google Patents

Planare zirkular polarisierte hochfrequenzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4203191A1
EP4203191A1 EP22214832.2A EP22214832A EP4203191A1 EP 4203191 A1 EP4203191 A1 EP 4203191A1 EP 22214832 A EP22214832 A EP 22214832A EP 4203191 A1 EP4203191 A1 EP 4203191A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dipole
antenna
strand
radiofrequency
coupled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22214832.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lionel Rudant
Lotfi Batel
Christophe Delaveaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP4203191A1 publication Critical patent/EP4203191A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H01Q5/49—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/247—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set with frequency mixer, e.g. for direct satellite reception or Doppler radar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radio frequency antenna.
  • the present invention also relates to a system comprising such a radiofrequency antenna.
  • the technical field is that of radio frequency antennas, and more specifically circular polarization antennas.
  • Circularly polarized radiofrequency waves are used in particular in the context of satellite communications insofar as the circular polarization makes it possible to be insensitive to the alignment of orientation between the satellite and the receiver.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • Such a system operates with circularly polarized waves whose frequencies are either 1225 MHz or 1575 MHz.
  • the communications take place with circularly polarized waves whose frequencies are either at 400 MHz or at 868 MHz.
  • microstrip antennas associated with dual excitation circuits are known in particular, making it possible to obtain circular polarization by combining the two orthogonal modes.
  • several superposed patches make it possible to obtain several operating frequency bands.
  • circularly polarized antennas consist of several radiating elements associated with a specific excitation circuit.
  • the excitation circuit makes it possible to establish excitations weighted in amplitude and in phase of the various radiating elements.
  • a radio frequency antenna comprising at least one antenna array operating at an operating frequency, each antenna array comprising a powered dipole, the powered dipole being connected at an access point to a radio frequency transmitter capable of generating or receive a wave at the operating frequency.
  • Each antenna array also comprises at least one coupled dipole, each coupled dipole being connected at an access point to a respective resistive and/or capacitive and/or inductive load.
  • the powered dipole and each coupled dipole have two strands, the strands extending from the access point, the access points being arranged to form a polygon, the first strand of a dipole extending along the second strand from a neighboring dipole on said polygon at a distance less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, said wavelength being referred to as the operating length.
  • the description also relates to a system, in particular a satellite positioning system, comprising at least one radiofrequency antenna as previously described.
  • the first example relates to the L1 band and the second to a dual L1/L2 band.
  • the L1 frequency band is a relatively narrow band around the center frequency of 1575 MHz.
  • narrow in this context is meant a frequency extension of the order of less than 5% of the center frequency.
  • the L2 frequency band is a relatively narrow band around the center frequency of 1225 MHz.
  • a radiofrequency antenna 10 is schematically illustrated in the figure 1 .
  • the antenna 10 is capable of operating at a central operating frequency f 0 .
  • the associated wavelength is called central wavelength ⁇ 0 .
  • the central operating frequency f 0 is 1575 MHz for this first example.
  • the antenna 10 comprises an antenna array 12, the antenna array 12 being here, as will be explained later, an array of nested antennas.
  • the antenna 10 is a planar antenna for which a first longitudinal direction can be defined corresponding to an axis X (height of the sheet in which the figure 1 ) and the second strand 18A extends in a second longitudinal direction corresponding to an axis Y (width of the sheet in which the figure 1 ).
  • the antenna array 12 is formed by four elementary antennas of the dipole type, simply designated dipoles 14 below.
  • Each dipole 14 has an L structure.
  • each dipole 14 has an access point 15 and two strands 16 and 18.
  • the access point 15 is a contact positioned in the center of the dipole 14 and connected to one end of the two strands 16 and 18.
  • the access points 15 form a square.
  • the two strands 16 and 18 preferably have the same length, this length being advantageously less than or equal to ⁇ 0 /4, so that each dipole 14 is a half-wave element.
  • each strand 16 and 18 is equal to 90°.
  • each strand 16 and 18 is connected to an access point 15 which is connected either to a source or to a load.
  • a dipole 14 is fed at its center by a radiofrequency source capable of generating a wave at the operating frequency f 0 .
  • the corresponding dipole 14 is called “powered dipole 14A” in what follows.
  • first strand of powered dipole 14A is denoted first strand 16A and the second strand of powered dipole 14A is denoted second strand 18A.
  • the first strand 16A extends along the first longitudinal direction X and the second strand 18A extends along the second direction Y.
  • first strand 16 of a dipole 14 is closer to the inside of the antenna than the second strand 18.
  • the first strand 16 could thus be qualified as “inner strand” while the second strand 18 could thus be referred to as the "outer strand”.
  • Interior and exterior are defined here in relation to the square formed by the access points: the closer an element is to the center of the square, the more the center is inside.
  • the first strand 16 of a dipole 14 extends either along the first longitudinal direction X or along the second longitudinal direction Y, the second strand 18 extending in the other direction.
  • the other dipoles 14 have a center corresponding to an access point connected to a respective complex charge Z.
  • the respective load can be resistive, capacitive and/or inductive in nature.
  • Each of the strands 16 and 18 of these dipoles 14 has one end which is connected to the access points 15 of the dipole 14 to which the strand 16 and 18 belongs, thus allowing each strand 16 and 18 to be connected to the charge specific to the dipole 14 considered.
  • Each of the corresponding dipoles is referred to as a “14C coupled dipole” in what follows.
  • the antenna 10 represented on the figure 1 has one 14A powered dipole and three 14C coupled dipoles.
  • the coupled dipoles 14C are ordered (respectively first 14C1, second 14C2 and third 14C3) according to an order corresponding to the counterclockwise direction.
  • the reference signs of the strands 16 and 18 of a 14C coupled dipole have the same suffix as the 14C coupled dipole to which they belong.
  • the first strand of the first coupled dipole 14C1 has the reference sign 16C1
  • the second strand of the first coupled dipole 14C1 has the reference sign 18C1.
  • the dipoles 14 are, moreover, arranged in a specific manner, to allow coupling between them.
  • the access points 15 form a square.
  • each first strand 16 of a dipole 14 is parallel to a second strand 18 of another dipole 14.
  • the first strand 16A of the powered dipole 14A is inside and is parallel to the second strand 18C1 of the first coupled dipole 14C1 while the second strand 18A of the powered dipole 14A is outside and is parallel to the first strand 16C3 of the third coupled dipole 14C3.
  • the first strand 16C1 of the first coupled dipole 14C1 is outside and is parallel to the second strand 18C2 of the second coupled dipole 14C2 while the second strand 18C1 of the first coupled dipole 14C1 is outside and is parallel to the first strand 16A of the 14A powered dipole.
  • the first strand 16C2 of the second coupled dipole 14C2 is inside and is parallel to the second strand 18C3 of the third coupled dipole 14C3 while the second strand 18C2 of the second coupled dipole 14C2 is outside and is parallel to the first strand 16C1 of the first coupled dipole 14C1.
  • the first strand 16C3 of the third coupled dipole 14C3 is inside and is parallel to the second strand 18A of the powered dipole 14A while the second strand 18C3 of the third coupled dipole 14C3 is outside and is parallel to the first strand 16C2 of the second 14C2 coupled dipole.
  • This arrangement allows the dipoles 14 to be interleaved, allowing the dipoles 14 to couple to each other due to their proximity and the fact that certain strands 16 and 18 are collinear with each other.
  • the distance between two points of two collinear strands 16 and 18 is relatively small to allow good coupling.
  • the distance between two collinear strands 16 and 18 is less than or equal to ⁇ 0 /10.
  • the distance between two collinear strands 16 and 18 is less than or equal to ⁇ 0 /20.
  • the interlacing of the dipoles 14 also allows a miniaturization of the antenna 10 since the antenna 10 has a width and a length of the order of ⁇ 0 /4.
  • the antenna 10 has a width and a length of 5 cm.
  • the powered dipole 14A is connected to the GPS receiving system.
  • the first coupled dipole 14C1 is connected to a first capacitive load Z1 of 2.2 pF
  • the second coupled dipole 14C2 is connected to a second inductive load Z2 of 11.7 nH
  • the third coupled dipole 14C3 to a third inductive load Z3 of 0.7nH.
  • antenna 10 To physically produce such an antenna 10, it is engraved on a printed circuit on which the components making it possible to charge the coupled dipoles can be soldered.
  • the antenna 10 is connected to the reception system for example by a coaxial microwave cord.
  • the values of the impedances of the loads Z1, Z2 and Z3 have been adapted to obtain radiation with circular polarization.
  • GNSS Global System for Mobile Communications
  • this determination technique is all the easier to implement if the strands 16 and 18 are arranged to form a symmetrical dipole 14.
  • the loads Z1, Z2 and Z3 can be physical components.
  • the charges Z1, Z2 and Z3 are made by etching specific patterns.
  • a spiral or an interdigital capacitance are examples of such patterns.
  • the antenna 10 is placed above a reflective metal ground plane 20 with a side of 25 cm in order to direct the radiation into the upper half-space.
  • the distance between the antenna 10 and the ground plane 20 is 25 mm, that is one eighth of the central wavelength ⁇ 0 , to constructively reflect the radiation from the antenna in the direction of interest.
  • Such an effect is obtained as soon as the distance between the antenna 10 and the ground plane 20 is less than a quarter of the central wavelength ⁇ 0 .
  • an artificial magnetic conductor is used instead of ground plane 20 .
  • Such an element is often designated by the abbreviation AMC which refers to the corresponding English denomination of “ artificial magnetic conductor ”.
  • AMC abbreviation of “ artificial magnetic conductor ”.
  • the distance with the antenna 10 can be even smaller, which reduces the overall height.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the gain diagram obtained at 1575 MHz along a first section plane orthogonal to the first longitudinal direction X (in dotted lines) and along a second section plane orthogonal to the second longitudinal direction Y (in dashed lines). Moreover, the curves relating to the RHCP gain appear in thicker lines than the curves relating to the LHCP gain.
  • the first curve in solid lines is the LHCP gain expressed in dBic
  • the second curve in solid lines is the RHCP gain expressed in dBic
  • the third curve in dotted lines corresponds to the axial ratio expressed in dB.
  • the axial ratio makes it possible to measure the purity of polarization of the wave emitted by the antenna 10.
  • the axial ratio corresponds to the ratio between the major axis and the minor axis which form the ellipse describing the trajectory of the wave. When the major and minor axes of the ellipse are equal, this ratio is equal to 1, or 0 dB. In this case, the polarization of the wave is said to be circular. In practice, a wave is considered circularly polarized when the axial ratio is less than 3 dB.
  • This figure 4 shows that the RHCP gain at the desired frequency of 1575 MHz is privileged, the LHCP gain exhibiting a minimum at 1575 MHz.
  • the radiation of the antenna 10 is optimized without resorting to a complex and costly excitation circuit thanks to the implementation of load components Z1, Z2 and Z3 with optimized values on the coupled dipoles 14C.
  • the antenna 10 can be printed on a flat substrate, which makes it possible to reduce clutter and facilitate integration into any system.
  • this arrangement has the advantage of operating on different frequency bands by means of a geometric homothety and a recalculation of the loads.
  • Example 2 Antenna for bands L1 and L2
  • the antenna 10 according to the second example is represented schematically on the figure 5 .
  • the antenna 10 comprises two antenna arrays 12_1 and 12_2.
  • the first antenna array 12_1 has a shape similar to the antenna array 12 of the figure 1 .
  • the first coupled dipole 14C1 is connected to a first capacitive load Z1 of 0.5 pF
  • the second coupled dipole 14C2 is connected to a second resistive load Z2 of 1 M ⁇
  • the third coupled dipole 14C3 to a third load Z3 capacitance of 3.3 pF.
  • the second antenna array 12_2 has the same architecture as the antenna array 12 of the figure 1 .
  • the powered dipole 14A is replaced by a coupled dipole 14C, so that the second antenna array 12_2 comprises four coupled dipoles 14C.
  • the values of the impedances of the loads Z1 to Z7 have been chosen to obtain radiation with circular polarization in the two frequency bands.
  • the values of the impedances of the loads Z1 to Z7 are chosen so that the radiation respects the same three conditions as for the first example but for the two frequency bands L1 and L2.
  • the dimensions of the antenna 10 are 8 cm by 8 cm.
  • Antenna 10 is printed by lithography (copper etching on dielectric substrate)
  • THE figures 6 to 8 present the performances obtained with the antenna 10 according to the second example.
  • FIG. 6 presents two curves, a first curve C1 in solid line representing the evolution with the frequency of the gain of the antenna for a right circular polarization in the direction of the zenith (along the Z axis) and a second curve C2 in dotted line illustrating the variation of the axial ratio with the frequency.
  • the adapted optimization of the Z1 to Z7 loads associated with the double 12_1 and 12_2 network of L-shaped dipoles makes it possible to obtain radiation in accordance with the requirements of a GNSS system jointly on 2 frequency bands without the use of a complex excitation circuit (here there is only an access port to the antenna). This simplicity favors bulk and makes it possible to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the first arrangement I corresponds to that of the figure 1 while the second arrangement It corresponds to that of the figure 5 . These arrangements are only included to facilitate comparison with arrangements III to VI.
  • the third arrangement III proposes to distance the access points 15 so that the access points 15 no longer form a square but a rectangle.
  • the powered dipole 14A and the first coupled dipole 14C1 have been separated in the second transverse direction Y from the second and third coupled dipoles 14C2 and 14C3.
  • a fourth coupled dipole 14C is added so that the access points 15 form a regular pentagon.
  • the third coupled dipole 14C3 is eliminated so that the access points 15 form an equilateral triangle.
  • the sixth arrangement VI corresponds to the same case as that of the arrangement V except that the strands 16 and 18 are no longer rectilinear but curvilinear. More generally, it is possible to envisage any shape for the strands 16 and 18, in particular with meanders or foldings, provided that the neighboring strands 16 and 18 are close enough to ensure coupling.
  • the access points 15 are arranged to form a polygon, the first strand 16 of a dipole 14 extending along the second strand 18 of a neighboring dipole 14 on the polygon at a distance less than or equal to one tenth of the operating wavelength.
  • the distance is in this case defined as the minimum distance between two points of the two strands 16 and 18.
  • polygon is meant herein an unflattened polygon. This means that each 14C coupled dipole is arranged so that each direction of one strand has an intersection with a direction of another strand.
  • the polarization of the antenna 10 is an RHCP or LHCP polarization.
  • Such an antenna is particularly suitable for multiple applications including satellite positioning systems whatever their nature, digital satellite radio, communications with microsatellites in low orbit, RFID readers, radars or communication systems between vehicles.
  • the strands of the dipoles 14 substantially form a square.
  • the strands of the dipoles 14 are straight.
  • the strands of the dipoles form a bend.
  • the strands comprise a first part and a second part, the two parts being orthogonal and connected together.
  • the first parts are arranged similar to the case of the strands of the dipoles 14 of embodiment B.
  • the second parts are arranged so that the strands fold towards the other dipole.
  • the second parts are shorter than the first parts.
  • the length of a second part is less than half the length of a first part.
  • the number of dipoles 14 in the antenna array 12 is higher, for example more than 5.
  • these performances are further improved by a pattern of symmetrical antennas, that is to say that the dipoles 14 are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis and that the lines providing the power supply are parallel to this axis, as is the case for the layout of the figure 5 where the axis corresponds to a 45° direction.
  • the antenna 10 is described as operating in transmission, the reader will clearly understand that the arrangement of the antenna 10 can also be used for an antenna operating in reception.
  • the powered dipole 14A it suffices to connect the powered dipole 14A to a receiver capable of receiving a wave at the operating frequency f 0 instead of connecting it to a source capable of generating a wave at the operating frequency f 0 .
  • a powered dipole 14A is connected at an access point 15 to a radio frequency transmitter capable of generating or receiving a wave at the operating frequency f 0 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP22214832.2A 2021-12-21 2022-12-20 Planare zirkular polarisierte hochfrequenzantenne Pending EP4203191A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2114072A FR3131106B1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 Antenne radiofréquence planaire à polarisation circulaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4203191A1 true EP4203191A1 (de) 2023-06-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP22214832.2A Pending EP4203191A1 (de) 2021-12-21 2022-12-20 Planare zirkular polarisierte hochfrequenzantenne

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20230198163A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4203191A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3131106B1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000341035A (ja) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-08 Harada Ind Co Ltd ダイポール形円偏波励振アンテナ
US9917376B2 (en) 2013-08-20 2018-03-13 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Method for determining an antenna array
CN109149094A (zh) * 2018-08-24 2019-01-04 深圳大学 偶极子天线阵列

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000341035A (ja) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-08 Harada Ind Co Ltd ダイポール形円偏波励振アンテナ
US9917376B2 (en) 2013-08-20 2018-03-13 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Method for determining an antenna array
EP2840654B1 (de) * 2013-08-20 2020-06-17 Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives Verfahren zu Bestimmung eines Antennennetzes
CN109149094A (zh) * 2018-08-24 2019-01-04 深圳大学 偶极子天线阵列

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GE LEI ET AL: "A magneto-electric dipole antenna with tunable H-plane beamwidth", 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ICCEM), IEEE, 23 February 2016 (2016-02-23), pages 248 - 250, XP032978223, DOI: 10.1109/COMPEM.2016.7588583 *

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FR3131106B1 (fr) 2024-05-10
FR3131106A1 (fr) 2023-06-23
US20230198163A1 (en) 2023-06-22

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