EP0463263B1 - Zirkular polarisierte Rundum-Antenne mit grösstem Gewinn in horizontaler Richtung - Google Patents

Zirkular polarisierte Rundum-Antenne mit grösstem Gewinn in horizontaler Richtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463263B1
EP0463263B1 EP19900401787 EP90401787A EP0463263B1 EP 0463263 B1 EP0463263 B1 EP 0463263B1 EP 19900401787 EP19900401787 EP 19900401787 EP 90401787 A EP90401787 A EP 90401787A EP 0463263 B1 EP0463263 B1 EP 0463263B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
elements
polarization
horizontal
plane
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19900401787
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0463263A1 (de
Inventor
Davey Bickford Smith & Cie Etablissements
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ETABLISSEMENTS DAVEY BICKFORD SMITH & CIE
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Davey Bickford Smith et Cie SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic antenna with transverse omnidirectional radiation in right or left circular polarization.
  • known antennas of this kind such as simple helices, crossed dipoles, folded crossed dipoles, quadrifilar helices, Archimedean spirals, conical spirals, logarithmic spirals, and planar antennas (patch) do not radiate in circular polarization only along their main axis of revolution and can not provide omnidirectional coverage in azimuth because the energy radiated transversely is almost nonexistent by construction.
  • Transmitting or receiving stations for traveling satellites involve the use of a circularly polarized antenna below the horizon with omnidirectional coverage.
  • a large number of messages are lost or erroneous because for low sites (unfavorable case), the "ground” or "on-board” antennas only radiate laterally a low energy in rectilinear polarization.
  • the lack of energy at low sites and the rotation of the plane of polarization result in the rupture of the links and so messages.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of known antennas by proposing an antenna which makes it possible to obtain omnidirectional coverage in azimuth, in right or left circular polarization, and in which the transverse components of the radiated fields E and H are in quadrature and at their maximum amplitude so as to obtain a maximum of energy radiated transversely in circular polarization.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose an omnidirectional antenna in azimuth which radiates a maximum of transverse energy in right or left circular polarization in a large cone focused on the horizon.
  • Omnidirectional antennas comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization are already known in this regard from document US-2532428, as well as from document US-2217911 which constitutes the state of the art of the application. spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization situated in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements each being supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of propagation of the wave.
  • the arrangement of the elements is such that there is no disturbance of the field radiated by the presence of an excitation line parallel to the radiating elements.
  • the polarization is perfectly circular and easily controllable.
  • the present invention therefore relates to an omnidirectional antenna comprising at least two antenna elements in horizontal rectilinear polarization spaced substantially uniformly in a first plane and concentrically with a third antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization located in a second plane substantially perpendicular to the first, said antenna elements being each supplied radioelectrically by currents substantially of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the phase centers of the antenna elements in rectilinear polarization horizontal and the phase center of the antenna element in vertical rectilinear polarization being substantially distant by an odd number of quarter waves in the direction of wave propagation, characterized in that the supply of the elements d the antenna in horizontal rectilinear polarization is produced by means of feed elements extending substantially radially with respect to said antenna elements, substantially in said first plane.
  • the supply elements are substantially evenly distributed in said first plane; the feed elements of the horizontally polarized antenna elements extend radially from said antenna elements to a transformer impedance head common to the horizontal or vertical polarized antenna elements; the head of said antenna impedance transformer is located at the phase center of the vertically polarized antenna element.
  • the omnidirectional antenna according to the invention can comprise three antenna elements with horizontal polarization. It may in particular comprise three half-wave antennas with horizontal polarization spaced substantially uniformly in the same plane and arranged concentrically with a fourth monopole or dipole antenna with vertical polarization and situated in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of said half-wave antennas, these four antennas being supplied by currents of the same phase and of the same amplitude, the diameter of the circle containing the three half-wave antennas being substantially equal to half a wavelength in air at the average working frequency.
  • Each antenna element with horizontal polarization preferably comprises two conductive elements, of rectilinear shape or in an arc of a circle, arranged at the periphery of an insulating plate, on either side thereof, interconnected by a conductive jumper of liaison.
  • the vertically polarized antenna element can be of the cuff antenna type.
  • the horizontally polarized antenna elements can be arranged on a printed circuit.
  • the antenna elements with vertical and horizontal polarizations are advantageously planar elements.
  • the invention also relates to an application of the above-mentioned antenna to all-azimuth ground-ground, ground-air, ground-sea, sea-air, sea-ground, sea-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air- air in a disturbed surrounding environment as well as an application of this antenna to the production of an FM transmitter of reduced power.
  • the elements marked 1, 2, 3 and 4 form the upper radiating assembly, in vertical rectilinear polarization, of the cuff antenna type. These elements are coaxial.
  • the elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 are metallic and welded together to establish radio-electrical continuity, the element 2 being a coaxial energy supply element which is covered by an electrically insulating material of an appropriate nature 26.
  • the respective pairs of electrically conductive elements (for example made of copper) 5 and 6, 7 and 8 and 9 and 10, shaped as a circular arc or toroidal cross-section, form three half-wave antennas in horizontal rectilinear polarization fed in their center by current balancing elements respectively marked 11, 12 and 13.
  • the above-mentioned pairs of radiating elements are joined to the periphery of a support plate 25 made of electrically insulating material (for example epoxy resin) and coaxial with the above-mentioned cuff antenna element, and are regularly angularly arranged. on the outskirts of this plateau.
  • Each pair of above-mentioned radiating elements 5 to 10 comprises an element disposed on the upper face 25 a of the plate 25 and an element disposed against the underside 25 b of the plate 25, the two elements of the same pair being electrically connected by a conductive jumper such as that marked 17 in FIG. 2.
  • the plate 25 also includes three circular cuts 25 c regularly angularly spaced, each circular cut 25 c extending between two adjacent radial symmetrization elements.
  • the elements 5 to 10 may be in the form of straight lines (see Figure 6).
  • the antenna elements with horizontal polarization can also be only 2 in number and arranged as schematically represented in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the plate 25 is not essential and the antenna will then be self-supporting.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 corresponds to a polarized antenna circular right.
  • an antenna with left circular polarization is obtained.
  • the oblong radial cuts 25 d of the plate 25 housing the baluns 11 to 13 make it possible not to modify the "electrical length" of said baluns and to avoid operating aberrations.
  • the antenna elements with horizontal polarization A1 to A3 can be produced in the form of a printed circuit.
  • each antenna element A1 to A4 can be produced in the form of a plane element known to those skilled in the art.
  • the metallic element marked 16 forms the external reinforcement of the supply circuits of the four above-mentioned antenna elements and is extended, on the side opposite to the antenna element A4, by a metal support member 14, also coaxial with the plate 25, and by a coaxial connector of end 15 which can also be used as a support for an envelope 40 (shown partially in phantom in Figure 1) housing the antenna and preferably filled with a polyurethane foam, or a metal reflective plane 41 shown in dashed line in Figure 2.
  • the aforementioned polyurethane foam could be replaced by a material dielectric or magnetic to reduce the physical dimensions of the antenna elements.
  • the cutouts 25 c thus allow good filling of the envelope 40 despite the presence of the plate 25.
  • the antenna according to the invention also comprises, coaxial with the latter, the internal head 22 of the impedance transformer which receives the coaxial cores of radio frequency (RF) power from the antenna in vertical polarization A4, that is to say the coaxial core marked 20, and of the three antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization, that is to say the coaxial souls identified 19 which extend, opposite of the aforementioned head 22, perpendicular to the coaxial core 20 of the antenna A4.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the head 22 of said impedance transformer is extended downwards by a metallic cylindrical element 23 which constitutes the transforming section of the antenna according to the invention and which is held in place inside a cylindrical insulating sleeve 24 also coaxial with the plate 25, in particular.
  • the conductor 23 is extended downwards, that is to say towards the coaxial connector 15, by a metallic cylindrical element 18 which constitutes the 50 ohm coaxial feed line of the antenna.
  • the balancing elements 11 to 13 can be interconnected at point 2 so that the impedance head 22 is brought back to this point 2.
  • the radial symmetrization elements marked 11 and 11 '(see Figures 2 and 4) or 11, 12 and 13 (see Figure 1) form with the interconnection jumpers marked 17 (see Figures 1, 2 and 4) and the insulating sleeves 27 surrounding the aforementioned symmetrization conductors (see FIG. 4), symmetrizers of the "paper clip" type which allow the radiofrequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization respectively 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the principle of radio antenna power.
  • Figure 4 illustrates in particular the detail of the radio-frequency supply of the radiating elements in horizontal polarization with the use of a trombone type balun known in itself. It can of course be used any other type of balun (for example of the apelooka type).
  • the antenna in vertical polarization is dimensioned to be tuned to the working frequency according to the conventional calculations linked to the antennas and known to those skilled in the art. It is the same for the radiating elements in horizontal polarization which are tuned to the working frequency.
  • the antenna according to the invention can operate in a relatively large frequency band (approximately 20%) if the radiating elements are dimensioned accordingly.
  • the coaxial paths marked 21, 11 and 11 '(see Figure 2) must have an identical "electrical length" so that the phases ⁇ d in 2 and 17 are also identical.
  • the distribution of the impedances at the points marked 20 and 22 is such that the amplitude and the phase of the radio-electric field produced in a direction of space by the element in vertical polarization A4 (direction parallel to this element ) and the amplitude and the phase of the field produced in 17 by the elements in horizontal polarization A1 to A3 are identical.
  • the transformer 21 makes it possible to obtain the aforementioned results and the transformer 23 makes it possible to reduce the impedance of the antenna according to the invention to 50 ohms.
  • a prototype antenna according to the invention was produced by the applicant, using dipoles half-wave in a frequency band between 2.3 and 2.6 GHz.
  • the gain measured with respect to the circular isotrope is equal to 4 dB in the aforementioned frequency band and the ellipticity rate at 90 ° from the longitudinal axis, less than 1 dB.
  • the ROS (standing wave ratio) in the above band is less than 1.6 compared to 50 ohms.
  • the azimuth coverage is omnidirectional to ⁇ 0.5 dB and the site coverage varies in the 2.3-2.6 GHz band from 60 to 70 ° opening at 1/2 power. In this case also, the maximum of energy is directed on the horizon.
  • the radiating element in vertical polarization A4 10 is calculated as a conventional half-wave cuff dipole.
  • the dimensions l1 and l2 are a function of the ratio l / a (length over diameter) knowing that l1 + l2 is always slightly less than ⁇ 2 o ( ⁇ o: working wavelength).
  • the diameter of the radiating elements 5, 6; 7, 8 and 9, 10 of the three half-wave antennas A1 to A3 in horizontal polarization also plays on the length of the half-elements rx ⁇ i i see Figure 3) and in this case, we obtain rx ⁇ i slightly less than o .
  • the diameter 24 xr of arrangement of the three radiating half-wave elements with horizontal polarization is equal to ⁇ 2 o in the air and at ⁇ 2 ox ( ⁇ r ) ⁇ 1 in a medium of relative permitivity r.
  • the diameter of the radiating element with vertical polarization is less than ⁇ 12 o.
  • a particularly interesting application of the antenna according to the invention which can be described as an omnidirectional antenna with transverse circular polarization and maximum gain under the horizon, is in the field of all-azimuth ground-to-ground transmissions , ground-air, ground-sea, air-ground, air-sea, air-air, sea-ground, sea-air, sea-sea, in disturbed surrounding environment.
  • the use of an antenna in circular polarization for such transmissions which involve a maximum energy under the horizon makes it possible to considerably limit the discomfort brought by the disturbing environment, since in the event of reflection on a close metallic obstacle, it there is inversion of the polarization of the reflected wave.
  • each dipole with horizontal polarization (only one is shown in FIG. 10) is supported axially by two vertical balancing elements, with respect to a common base reflector plate 41.
  • phase centers of the horizontally polarized antenna elements are located at the points marked 17 while the phase center of the vertically polarized element is located at point 2.
  • Another application particularly interesting of the antenna according to the invention is the realization of an FM transmitter of reduced power.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Rundumantenne, die wenigstens zwei geradlinig horizontal polarisierte Antennenelemente (A1, A2, A3) umfaßt, die im wesentlichen mit gleichem Abstand voneinander in einer ersten Ebene angeordnet und konzentrisch zu einem geradlinig vertikal polarisierten Antennenelement (A4) sind, das in einer zweiten, im wesentlichen senkrecht zur ersten Ebene liegenden Ebene liegt, wobei die genannten Antennenelemente jeweils drahtlos von Strömen mit im wesentlichen gleicher Phase und gleicher Amplitude gespeist werden, wobei die Phasenmittelpunkte (17) der geradlinig horizontal polarisierten Antennenelemente (A1, A2, A3) und der Phasenmittelpunkt (2) des geradlinig vertikal polarisierten Antennenelements (A4) im wesentlichen um eine ungerade Anzahl von Viertelwellen in Richtung der Wellenausbreitung voneinander entfernt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Speisung der geradlinig horizontal polarisierten Antennenelemente (A₁, A₂, A₃) mittels Einspeisungselementen (11, 12, 13) realisiert ist, die sich in bezug auf die genannten Antennenelemente im wesentlichen in der genannten ersten Ebene im wesentlichen radial erstrecken.
  2. Rundumantenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einspeisungselemente (11, 12, 13) im wesentlichen gleichmäßig in der genannten ersten Ebene verteilt sind.
  3. Rundumantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einspeisungselemente (11, 12, 13) der horizontal polarisierten Antennenelemente (A1, A2, A3) sich radial von den genannten Antennenelementen bis zu einem für die horizontal oder vertikal polarisierten Antennenelemente gemeinsamen Impedanztransformatorkopf erstrecken.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (22) des genannten Impedanztransformators der Antenne im Phasenmittelpunkt (2) des vertikal polarisierten Antennenelements liegt.
  5. Rundumantenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie drei horizontal polarisierte Antennenelemente (A1, A2, A3) umfaßt.
  6. Rundumantenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie drei horizontal polarisierte Halbwellenantennen umfaßt, die im wesentlichen mit gleichem Abstand voneinander in derselben Ebene angeordnet sind und konzentrisch zu einer vierten, vertikal polarisierten und in einer im wesentlichen zu der Ebene der genannten Halbwellenantennen senkrechten Ebene gelegenen Monopol- oder Dipolantenne angeordnet sind, wobei die vier Antennen von Strömen gleicher Phase und gleicher Amplitude gespeist werden, wobei der Durchmesser des die drei Halbwellenantennen umfassenden Kreises im wesentlichen einer halben Wellenlänge in der Luft bei mittlerer Arbeitsfrequenz entspricht.
  7. Antenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes horizontal polarisierte Antennenelement (A1, A2, A3) zwei leitende Elemente von geradliniger oder Kreisbogenform umfaßt, die am Umfang einer isolierenden Platte (25) beiderseits dieser angeordnet sind, und die durch eine leitende Verbindungsklammer (17) miteinander verbunden sind.
  8. Antenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vertikal polarisierte Antennenelement (A4) vom Typ einer Manschettenantenne ist.
  9. Antenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die horizontal polarisierten Antennenelemente (A1 bis A3) auf einer gedruckten Schaltung angeordnet sind.
  10. Antenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vertikal und horizontal polarisierten Antennenelemente ebene Elemente sind.
  11. Verwendung einer Rundumantenne nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche für Gesamtazimutübertragungen Boden-Boden, Boden-Luft, Boden-See, See-Boden, See-Luft, See-See, Luft-Boden, Luft-See und Luft-Luft in gestörtem Umgebungsmedium.
  12. Verwendung einer Rundumantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 für die Realisierung eines FM-Senders mit reduzierter Leistung.
EP19900401787 1989-03-22 1990-06-22 Zirkular polarisierte Rundum-Antenne mit grösstem Gewinn in horizontaler Richtung Expired - Lifetime EP0463263B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903778A FR2644937B1 (fr) 1989-03-22 1989-03-22 Antenne omnidirective en polarisation circulaire transversale a maximum de gain sous l'horizon

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463263A1 EP0463263A1 (de) 1992-01-02
EP0463263B1 true EP0463263B1 (de) 1994-04-13

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EP19900401787 Expired - Lifetime EP0463263B1 (de) 1989-03-22 1990-06-22 Zirkular polarisierte Rundum-Antenne mit grösstem Gewinn in horizontaler Richtung

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EP (1) EP0463263B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69008170T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0463263T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2053136T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2644937B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8803749B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2014-08-12 Kwok Wa Leung Elliptically or circularly polarized dielectric block antenna

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2676311B1 (fr) * 1991-05-07 1993-11-19 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Antenne a polarisation circulaire.
GB2259811B (en) * 1991-09-21 1995-05-17 Motorola Israel Ltd An antenna
FR2721757B1 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-09-13 Jac International Antenne omnidirectionnelle en azimut et directive en site et répondeur maritime ainsi équipé.
US7411399B2 (en) * 2005-10-04 2008-08-12 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Electromagnetic survey system with multiple sources
GB2512111B (en) 2013-03-20 2017-02-15 British Broadcasting Corp Antenna arrangement for transmitting two or more polarisations of radio signal
US9899746B2 (en) * 2013-12-14 2018-02-20 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Electronically steerable single helix/spiral antenna
CN103822973A (zh) * 2014-02-26 2014-05-28 北京工业大学 一种全向性的水平剪切模态磁致伸缩传感器
FR3060089B1 (fr) 2016-12-08 2019-08-23 Mbda France Ensemble d'equilibrage a bagues d'equilibrage pour missile et missile pourvu d'un tel ensemble d'equilibrage
CN109216941A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2019-01-15 吴通控股集团股份有限公司 一种小型干涉仪测向天线组

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2217911A (en) * 1938-08-12 1940-10-15 Rca Corp Radio communication
US2532428A (en) * 1946-11-14 1950-12-05 United Broadeasting Company Elliptical polarization electromagnetic energy radiation system
US3348228A (en) * 1965-08-02 1967-10-17 Raytheon Co Circular dipole antenna array
US3555552A (en) * 1969-12-19 1971-01-12 Andrew Alford Dual polarized antenna system with controlled field pattern
US4083051A (en) * 1976-07-02 1978-04-04 Rca Corporation Circularly-polarized antenna system using tilted dipoles
US4555708A (en) * 1984-01-10 1985-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dipole ring array antenna for circularly polarized pattern

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8803749B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2014-08-12 Kwok Wa Leung Elliptically or circularly polarized dielectric block antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0463263A1 (de) 1992-01-02
DE69008170T2 (de) 1994-10-13
DE69008170D1 (de) 1994-05-19
ES2053136T3 (es) 1994-07-16
FR2644937A1 (fr) 1990-09-28
FR2644937B1 (fr) 1991-09-27
DK0463263T3 (da) 1994-06-06

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