EP2293385B1 - Selbstausrichtende Antenne mit Kreispolarisierung - Google Patents

Selbstausrichtende Antenne mit Kreispolarisierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2293385B1
EP2293385B1 EP20100352003 EP10352003A EP2293385B1 EP 2293385 B1 EP2293385 B1 EP 2293385B1 EP 20100352003 EP20100352003 EP 20100352003 EP 10352003 A EP10352003 A EP 10352003A EP 2293385 B1 EP2293385 B1 EP 2293385B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
excitation
self
antenna according
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20100352003
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2293385A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Souny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile ENAC
Original Assignee
Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile ENAC
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Filing date
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Application filed by Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile ENAC filed Critical Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile ENAC
Publication of EP2293385A1 publication Critical patent/EP2293385A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2293385B1 publication Critical patent/EP2293385B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an autodirective antenna in circular polarization.
  • antennas for RFID chips for the French acronym, Radio Frequency Identification
  • mobile phones for tracking systems (such as those known names GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, ...) or for the realization of wireless local networks such as WiFi networks or networks on the body (body network), especially for medical purposes.
  • tracking systems such as those known names GPS, GLONASS, Galileo,
  • wireless local networks such as WiFi networks or networks on the body (body network)
  • body network especially for medical purposes.
  • Other applications of an antenna according to the invention can also be envisaged.
  • Another disadvantage of reflector antennas of the prior art is that they are sensitive to the surface on which they are positioned. The operation of some antennas can be disturbed when these antennas are arranged for example on a metal surface.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a miniature autodirective antenna.
  • a miniature autodirective antenna Preferably, such an antenna will be insensitive to the nature of the medium on which it is located.
  • the invention proposes an autodirective antenna in circular polarization.
  • such an antenna comprises first means for performing a first mode of operation, radiating a circular polarization and having a toric diagram along a first axis (Ox), second means for performing a second mode of operation, radiating a circular polarization and having a ring diagram along a second axis (Oy); the first means are arranged in the vicinity of the second operating means and are oriented with an offset of 90 ° (Ox perpendicular to Oy), and the first operating mode is in quadrature advance or in quadrature delay compared to the second mode.
  • an antenna according to the present invention is thus equivalent to two antennas: a first emitting a circular polarization is oriented so that its radiation pattern is a torus of axis Ox (axis of revolution of the torus ) and the second is oriented so that its radiation pattern is a torus of axis Oy (axis of revolution of the torus) perpendicular to Ox.
  • a first emitting a circular polarization is oriented so that its radiation pattern is a torus of axis Ox (axis of revolution of the torus ) and the second is oriented so that its radiation pattern is a torus of axis Oy (axis of revolution of the torus) perpendicular to Ox.
  • the two means making it possible to achieve a radiation mode of operation are "in the neighborhood" of each other if they can be contained in an imaginary sphere of radius ⁇ / 2, or even preferably in an imaginary sphere of radius ⁇ / 4, ⁇ being the wavelength of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the two means for carrying out a radiation mode of operation are advantageously collocated.
  • the means used to obtain a radiant mode of operation in circular polarization and with a toric radiation pattern are by a combination of a magnetic doublet and an electric doublet, or a helical element.
  • the condition known as Wheeler's condition will have to be fulfilled.
  • the first and second operating means defined in the present invention are formed by a ring helix having a multiple number of turns of four.
  • each radiation mode is circular and circularly polarized, one oriented along a first axis called Ox and the other along a second axis called Oy, the ring helix being contained in a torus of axis of revolution Oz, perpendicular to both Ox and Oy.
  • means of excitation of the antenna are provided and allow for example to excite the antenna at two points offset by 90 ° relative to to the ring. It can also be envisaged that the excitation means of the antenna can excite the antenna at a point and have a coupling part disposed at ⁇ 45 ° from the excitation point.
  • the excitation of each elementary antenna is an electrical excitation
  • the excitation means of the antenna comprise for example a metal disk disposed under the ring helix for the excitation of the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the present invention comprises a ring helix
  • the latter may for example be obtained by folding a wire, in particular a copper wire, or alternatively, in a variant embodiment, by folding the wire.
  • a metal strip, especially a copper strip it can also be achieved by mechanical assembly of plates to form a helix.
  • other embodiments may be envisaged.
  • the attached figures show preferred embodiments of an autodirective antenna according to the present invention. However, these are not the only embodiments that can be envisaged for producing an antenna according to the invention.
  • the present invention relates to an advantageous combination of two antennas in circular polarization, or more generally the combination of two modes of operation of the same radiant physical structure. Such a combination according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a self-reflecting antenna which has advantages which will be presented hereinafter.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to the combination of two circularly polarized antenna operating modes having a ring diagram.
  • a mode of operation can be obtained for example by means of an electric doublet and a magnetic doublet both oriented along the same axis and respecting the condition of Wheeler for obtaining a circular polarization.
  • the condition of Wheeler is defined for example in the article whose references are as follows: HA Wheeler, "A Helical Antenna for Circular Polarization," Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 35 pp. 1484-1488; December 1947 .
  • a first antenna is oriented along a first axis, hereinafter called Ox and a second is oriented along a second axis Oy.
  • the two axes Ox and Oy are perpendicular.
  • the two antennas are preferably collocated, or at least preferably disposed close to each other.
  • the embodiments shown in the figures are preferred embodiments because they allow to have a single physical structure having two modes of operation, this structure then being equivalent to two co-located antennas forming an autodirective antenna.
  • a wire or a metal strip preferably of copper, is wound so as to have several turns. These turns are not necessarily circular turns as can be seen in the figures attached.
  • the axis along which these turns are formed is a circle.
  • the envelope of the ring-shaped helix is toric.
  • the number of turns is an integer multiple of four so that the two ends of the helix meet and the structure is invariant by rotation of 90 °.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a ring-shaped helix made from a copper strip.
  • This propeller comprises eight turns 2 of substantially square section. It is known to use such a ring-shaped helix to produce a ring-polarized and toroidal antenna.
  • this ring helix is used to operate in two modes of operation.
  • two excitation points are provided at 90 ° to one another.
  • Ox, Oy and Oz axes that form an orthogonal repository.
  • a first excitation point 4 is arranged on the axis Ox while a second excitation point 6 is disposed on the axis Oy.
  • a metal disk 8 has been positioned under the antenna according to the invention, which makes it possible to electrically energize the antenna, each time via a capacitor 10 placed in series with an excitation source. (not shown)
  • the metal disk 8 is for example disposed to one millimeter (1 mm) of the ring helix.
  • the excitation source is for example an internal impedance excitation source of 50 Ohm.
  • the adaptation frequency is for example 2,057 GHz. This frequency is regulated by the size of the antenna, and particularly by the choice of the number of turns 2, by the position of the disk and the value of the coupling capacitors. It should be noted here that it is possible to position a second metal disk 8 above the ring-shaped helix (one would then have the ring-shaped helix sandwiched between the two metal disks).
  • the first mode of operation of the ring helix shown is obtained by excitation by the first excitation point 4 and the second mode of operation by excitation at the second excitation point 6.
  • the excitation at the second point of excitation 6 is in quadrature advance or in quadrature delay with respect to the excitation at the first excitation point 4. In this way, one finds on one side of the plane Oxy a constructive interference and on the other side of the plane Oxy a destructive interference to obtain the directivity effect of the antenna according to the present invention.
  • the directivity is obtained from the structure of the antenna, it is considered to be an autodirective antenna.
  • a directional antenna in the z> 0 direction will be obtained. in the direction z ⁇ 0.
  • FIG 2 there is shown a ring helix having only four turns 2 '. As in the first embodiment, it is chosen here to have a multiple number of turns of four in order to obtain a rotational invariance of 90 °. We find in the embodiment of the figure 2 the same elements as in the embodiment that the figure 1 . Here alone the number of turns has changed.
  • the figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which a single excitation point is provided. Moreover, as we can see, while on the Figures 1 and 2 the ring helix was made from a folded strip, the ring helix of the figure 3 is made from a thread. Copper wire is preferably used here, a material which is also preferred for producing the ring helix of Figures 1 and 2 . In this variant embodiment, eight uniformly distributed turns are present here to form a ring helix.
  • figure 4 illustrates an example of antenna according to the invention, with a metal disk 8, placed above a printed circuit 14.
  • the disk is connected to the ground plane by a metal block 16.
  • the antenna is on air and presents as a numerical example a radius of 10 mm and a height of 5 mm.
  • the antenna is here excited at two excitation points 4 and 6, but here it would be possible to provide an embodiment with a single excitation point and a coupling piece.
  • an antenna according to the present invention has the advantage of being autodirective, that is to say without having to use a reflector.
  • the size of this antenna can therefore be significantly reduced.
  • a given wavelength ⁇ it is possible with the present invention to produce an autodirective antenna whose size (diameter) is approximately ⁇ / 10.
  • a reflector it is necessary to provide a reflector of a size (diameter) of ⁇ / 4.
  • the gain in size compared to a comparable antenna of the prior art is therefore quite sensitive.
  • the disc described above is used only for the electrical excitation of the antenna.
  • the person skilled in the art knows very well that it is possible to excite the antenna differently.
  • the size of the metal disk does not matter.
  • the disk has a size substantially corresponding to the size of the ring-shaped helix. This is a preferred embodiment, but another disk size may be considered.
  • the choice of an electrical excitation by the addition of a metal disc under the ring-shaped helix is preferred here for reasons of practical realization.
  • an antenna according to the invention has a very insensitive operation to its environment. For example, a metal plane placed near the antenna does not interfere with its operation. The same goes for electronic components placed near the antenna. As a result, the integration of an antenna according to the invention is facilitated. This feature promotes the networking of an antenna according to the invention.
  • an antenna according to the invention is interesting at low frequency when the use of a dielectric with a high relative permittivity ( ⁇ ) is difficult. This possibility of miniaturization also facilitates the networking of an antenna according to the invention.
  • An antenna according to the present invention can find application in various technical fields.
  • such an antenna can for example be used in a mobile phone or as an RFID sensor (from the acronym Radio Frequency IDentification or in French, Identification by Radio Frequency).
  • the directivity of an antenna according to the invention, independent of a reflector makes an antenna according to the invention interesting for protecting the user of the mobile phone or for RFID use.
  • a use in the field of positioning (GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, ...) of an antenna according to the invention is interesting because of its circular polarization throughout the space and its directivity.
  • an antenna according to the present invention is advantageous for all applications where the exact orientation of the antenna can not be known. Since the antenna is in circular polarization, it has no privileged orientation.
  • the present invention could be implemented with two distinct physical structures such as two separate circular polarization antennas, collocated, or arranged close to each other.
  • the two physical structures are in the vicinity of each other. They are close enough to each other to be contained in an imaginary sphere of radius ⁇ / 2 or even preferably of radius ⁇ / 4.
  • antennas of substantially linear general shape arranged perpendicularly with respect to one another, for example forming an X, or a T or a V or another shape.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Selbstgerichtete, zirkular polarisierte Antenne mit einer Wellenlänge λ, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie erste Mittel, die die Ausführung einer ersten Betriebsart ermöglichen, eine zirkulare Polarisation abstrahlen und ein torisches Diagramm entlang einer ersten Achse (Ox) besitzen, zweite Mittel, die die Ausführung einer zweiten Betriebsart ermöglichen, eine zirkulare Polarisation abstrahlen und ein torisches Diagramm entlang einer zweiten Achse (Oy) besitzen, umfasst, dass die ersten Mittel derart in der Nähe der zweiten angeordnet sind, dass die ersten Mittel und die zweiten Mittel in einer imaginären Kugel enthalten sein können, deren Radius kleiner als λ/2 ist, und mit einem Versatz von 90° (Ox senkrecht zu Oy) ausgerichtet sind, und dass die erste Betriebsart gegenüber der zweiten Art um 90° in der Phase voreilt oder um 90° in der Phase nacheilt und dass die ersten und die zweiten Betriebsmittel eine ringförmige Wendel mit einer Anzahl von Windungen (2, 2', 2"), welche ein Vielfaches von vier ist, umfassen.
  2. Selbstgerichtete Antenne nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Erregungsmittel umfasst, die ermöglichen, die ringförmige Wendel an zwei um 90° gegenüber dem Ring versetzten Stellen (4, 6) zu erregen.
  3. Selbstgerichtete Antenne nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel zur Erregung der Antenne umfasst, die ermöglichen, die Antenne an einer Stelle zu erregen, und die ein Kopplungsteil (12), das in ± 45° von der Erregungsstelle angeordnet ist, aufweisen.
  4. Selbstgerichtete Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ringförmige Wendel durch Biegen eines Metalldrahts, insbesondere eines Kupferdrahts erhalten ist.
  5. Selbstgerichtete Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ringförmige Wendel durch Biegen eines Metallstreifens, insbesondere eines Kupferstreifens erhalten ist.
  6. Selbstgerichtete Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erregung der Antenne eine unter der Antenne in Form einer ringförmigen Wendel angeordnete Metallscheibe (8) für die Erregung der Antenne umfassen.
EP20100352003 2009-08-27 2010-08-27 Selbstausrichtende Antenne mit Kreispolarisierung Not-in-force EP2293385B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0904076A FR2949611B1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Antenne autodirective en polarisation circulaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2293385A1 EP2293385A1 (de) 2011-03-09
EP2293385B1 true EP2293385B1 (de) 2015-03-25

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EP20100352003 Not-in-force EP2293385B1 (de) 2009-08-27 2010-08-27 Selbstausrichtende Antenne mit Kreispolarisierung

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EP (1) EP2293385B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2539604T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2949611B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3009897B1 (fr) 2013-08-20 2015-08-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de determination d'un reseau antennaire
FR3009898B1 (fr) 2013-08-20 2015-08-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Reseau antennaire

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2741479B3 (fr) * 1995-11-21 1997-10-17 Matra Defense Antenne fouet pour engin volant, a trainee aerodynamique reduite
EP1026775B1 (de) * 1999-01-19 2006-04-26 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Antennenanordnung für mobiles Satellitentelefon und Mobil telefon mit dieser Antennenanordnung
FR2923120B1 (fr) * 2007-10-31 2010-05-07 Archos Sa Dispositif pour permettre a un appareil portable de recevoir et/ou d'emettre des signaux radiofrequences et systeme associe.

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Publication number Publication date
FR2949611A1 (fr) 2011-03-04
EP2293385A1 (de) 2011-03-09
FR2949611B1 (fr) 2011-09-23
ES2539604T3 (es) 2015-07-02

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