Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
  • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
  • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
  • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
  • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
  • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
  • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
  • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
  • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
  • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
  • H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/06—Details
  • H01Q9/14—Length of element or elements adjustable
  • H01Q9/145—Length of element or elements adjustable by varying the electrical length

Definitions

• a tunable frequency tunable antenna and slot fed, and satellite positioning receiver comprising such an antenna.
• the field of the invention is that of antennas.
• the invention relates to a planar antenna tunable frequency and slot fed.
• the invention has many applications, such as for example in a satellite positioning receiver, for receiving and processing signals from different satellite positioning systems (GNSS, for "Global Navigation Satellite System”).
• GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
• the GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS and COMPASS systems use frequencies in the band 1, 164 to 1, 602 GHz.
• the IRNSS system uses frequencies in a band around 2.49 GHz.
• GNSS Global System for Mobile Communications
• Antennas must therefore be capable of efficiently capturing the signals of the different constellations in a band from 1, 16 to 2.5 GHz (more than the octave), with a circular polarization and a directional radiation pattern.
• a disadvantage of these two types of known antennas is that they do not cover the band around 2.5 GHz. In other words, they do not cover the entire GNSS band (1, 16 to 2.5 GHz).
• a third type of antenna is also known, namely narrow-band antennas but tunable over a wide frequency band.
• FIGS. 1A, 2A and 2B illustrate an example of an antenna of this third type, namely a frequency-tunable, slot-fed planar antenna 1.
• FIG. 1A is a perspective view
• FIG. 2A is a top view
• FIG. Figure 2B a sectional view. It is an association between a planar antenna (also called “slot antenna”) powered by slot and two variable capacitive elements 7 (in this example, diodes with variable capacity, also called “varicaps diodes”). These make it possible to make the antenna tunable over a wide frequency band.
• slot antenna also called “slot antenna” powered by slot
• variable capacitive elements 7 in this example, diodes with variable capacity, also called “varicaps diodes”
• the slot-fed planar antenna has a structure in which are superimposed successively:
• a first dielectric layer 2 (for example air or a dielectric substrate),
• a ground plane 3 comprising a slot 4 (operating in a single linear polarization in this example),
• a second dielectric layer 5 (for example air or a dielectric substrate), and
• a transmission line 6 (also called “power line”, even if the antenna is used in reception) comprising an end strand extending under the slot.
• the first dielectric layer 2 is a layer of dielectric material of thickness t and permittivity ⁇ ⁇ , on the upper face of which is printed the resonant chip 1.
• the second dielectric layer 5 is a layer of dielectric material of thickness h and of permittivity s r2 , on the upper face of which is printed the ground plane 3 (comprising the slot
• Each variable capacitive element (varicap diode) 7 is connected between a radiating side of the resonant chip 1 and the ground plane 3.
• the adaptation of the antenna varies as a function of a bias voltage applied to the variable capacitive elements.
• FIG. 1B shows six curves illustrating the variation of the reflection coefficient S n as a function of the frequency, for different values of the bias voltage of the varicap diodes. Each curve corresponds to a distinct resonance and is obtained for one of the values of the bias voltage (0V, 4V, 8V, 12V, 16V and 22V).
• the adaptation of the antenna varies according to the bias voltage of the diode.
• the operating frequency of the antenna varies between 1.7 GHz and 2.4 GHz, for a bias voltage that varies between 0 and 22V. This antenna is tunable over a wide band of frequencies.
• a major disadvantage of this antenna is that this tunability over a wide frequency band requires the use of very high polarization voltage values, which exceed 20V.
• the invention in at least one embodiment, is intended in particular to overcome these various disadvantages of the state of the art.
• one objective is to provide a planar slot-fed antenna which is tunable in frequency over a wide frequency band while requiring a voltage of polarization lower than in the current solutions, preferably less than 3V.
• Another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide such an antenna which covers the entire GNSS frequency band (including around 2.5 GHz), with a low bias voltage compatible with the voltages available on portable devices.
• Another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide such an antenna which, in the GNSS frequency band, makes it possible to select the reception band of a constellation by filtering the reception bands efficiently and naturally. other constellations.
• Another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide such an antenna which is inexpensive and compact.
• the general principle of the invention is therefore, for each linear polarization, to use not one but more slots (two or more) fed in series by the same end of the transmission line.
• each additional slot that is to say other than the first
• the present solution makes it possible to increase the number of resonances with a limited range of variation of the bias voltage.
• a bias voltage varying in a lower range (for example OV at 5V, and preferentially OV at 3V) than in current solutions (OV at 22V, or more).
• a low bias voltage is used which is compatible with the voltages available on portable devices.
• the first value is 0V
• the plurality of second successive values are between 1.5V and 3V.
• the proposed antenna requires a lower polarization voltage than in the current solutions.
• the resonant pellet is square in shape, with a side length p equal to 55 mm ⁇ 1 mm, and for each linear polarization: said first slot is of rectangular shape, of length 1 3 equal to 40 mm ⁇
• said at least one second slot is of rectangular shape, of length 1 2 equal to 30 mm ⁇ 1 mm and width w 2 equal to 2 mm ⁇ 0.1 mm.
• the antenna is inexpensive, compact and tunable the entire GNSS frequency band (including around 2.5 GHz).
• the antenna operates in a single linear polarization.
• the antenna operates according to first and second orthogonal linear polarizations, the combination of which provides circular polarization, and the first slot and said at least one second slot for the first linear polarization are orthogonal to the first slot respectively and said at least one second slot for the second linear polarization.
• the antenna operates with a circular polarization, which corresponds to that currently used by satellite navigation systems (GNSS).
• GNSS satellite navigation systems
• a satellite positioning receiver for receiving and processing signals. from different satellite positioning systems, this receiver comprising or cooperating with an antenna according to any one of the above embodiments.
• FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B already described in relation to the prior art, illustrate the structure and the performances of an example of a slot-fed, frequency-tunable planar antenna according to the prior art
• FIGS. 3A and 3B are top views respectively showing the structure and dimensions of an antenna according to a first particular embodiment of the invention, operating in a single linear polarization;
• Figures 4A and 4B are sectional views respectively showing the structure and dimensions of the antenna according to said first particular embodiment of the invention, operating in a single linear polarization;
• Figure 5 is a top view showing the structure of an antenna according to a second particular embodiment of the invention, operating in a circular polarization;
• FIG. 6 illustrates the performances of the planar, slot-fed and frequency-tunable antenna in a particular implementation of said third particular embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 7 illustrates various possible forms for the slots of the antennas according to the invention.
• FIG. 8 illustrates various possible forms for the resonant patch of the antennas according to the invention.
• Figures 9 to 13 show the structure of an antenna according to a third particular embodiment of the invention, operating in a circular polarization.
• a first dielectric layer 32 (for example air or a dielectric substrate),
• the resonant pad 31 is square in shape.
• it is possible to use different forms of pellet, and in particular but not exclusively those illustrated in FIG. 8 ((a) square, (b) rectangular, (c) dipole, (d) circular, (e) elliptical, ( f) triangular, (g) disk sector, (h) circular ring, (i) ring sector).
• the length 13 and the width w 3 , as well as the abscissa x 3 (corresponding to the point obtained by orthogonal projection along the longitudinal axis of the first slot) in a reference centered on the lower left corner of the ground plane 33;
• thickness and permittivity ⁇ ⁇ For the second dielectric layer 35, thickness and permittivity ⁇ ⁇ ;
• the antenna 50 comprises all the elements of the antenna 30 of FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B (the transmission line 36 and the slots 34a, 34b being used for the one of the two orthogonal linear polarizations).
• the antenna 50 further comprises another transmission line 56 and two other slots 54a, 54b (orthogonal to the slots 34a, 34b) which are used for the other of the two orthogonal linear polarizations.
• the antenna 90 has a structure in which are superimposed successively:
• the second dielectric substrate 93 and the metal plate 98 are separated by second metal spacers 101.
• the antennas also comprise varicap diodes 102 (or any other variable capacitive element) each connected between a radiating side of the resonant chip 92 (in the middle each stop of the resonant pellet 92) and the plane of mass 93 (via the first metal spacers 100).
• the supply of the varicap diodes is done by the resonant chip 92.
• the two slots 95a, 95b are of the same shape, namely rectangular, and have parallel longitudinal axes.
• the two slots 96a, 96b are of the same shape, namely rectangular, and have parallel longitudinal axes. Slots 95a, 95b are orthogonal to slots 96a, 96b.
• the transmission line 97 includes a first end strand 97a extending under the pair of slots (95a, 95b) and a second strand end 97b extending under the pair of slots (96a, 96b).
• the antenna comprises a coupler 105 for combining the two orthogonal polarizations (in phase quadrature).
• the bias voltage of the varicap diodes 102 is for example sent by a port 103 and by the transmission line 97 (also used for the RF signals received by the antenna; alternatively, the bias voltage arrives on a separate port and is transmitted by a separate line).
• the antenna 90 has the following dimensions (by repeating the notations given above for the antenna 30):
• FIG. 6 illustrates the performance of the planar, slot-fed and frequency-tunable antenna in a particular implementation of said third particular embodiment of the invention (that of FIGS. 9 to 13).
• FIG. 6 shows five curves illustrating the variation of the reflection coefficient S n as a function of frequency, for different values of the bias voltage of the varicap diodes. Each curve corresponds to a distinct resonance and is obtained for one of the values of the bias voltage (IV, 1, 7V, 2V, 3V and 0V).
• the adaptation of the antenna varies according to the bias voltage of the diode.
• the operating frequency of the antenna varies between 1.1 GHz (for a bias voltage of 1.5V) and 2.5 GHz (for a bias voltage of 0V).
• This antenna is tunable over a wide frequency band (the GNSS band), with a low bias voltage, ranging from 0 to 3V, which is compatible with the voltages available on portable devices.
• the consumption is extremely low since it is for example diodes varicaps polarized in reverse.
• the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of about 50MHz (narrow band), tunable over a wider frequency band.
• the antenna is therefore distinguished from competing solutions by:
• the dimensions of the two slots of the same pair (95a, 95b) or (96a, 96b) make it possible to optimize the resonant frequency of the antenna as a function of the bias voltage.
• the originality is to use (at least) two slots to create two resonances in the GNSS frequency band. These two resonances cover all the frequency bands used for satellite tracking applications.
• the operating principle of the antenna is to cover a band around 2.5 GHz with a bias voltage of 0V, then a band 1, 1GHz at 1, 6 GHz with a voltage polarization which varies between 1, 5V and 3V. Operation in the 2.5 GHz band is provided by the slots 95b, 96b, and the slots 95a, 96a provide operation in the band 1, 1 to 1, 6 GHz.
• the antenna makes it possible to select a sub-band (i.e. the reception band of a constellation) by efficiently and naturally filtering the other subbands (ie the reception bands of the other constellations). In this way the antenna acts as a natural filter of unused frequency bands.
• the present invention also relates to a satellite positioning receiver (GNSS receiver), for receiving and processing signals from different satellite positioning systems, and comprising or cooperating with an antenna according to the technique described above and illustrated with different embodiments.
• GNSS receiver satellite positioning receiver
• the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band is the band of the radio spectrum between 300 MHz and 3 000 MHz).

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=51210523

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

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• 2014
  • 2014-03-20 FR FR1452301A patent/FR3018958B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-03-17 WO PCT/EP2015/055484 patent/WO2015140127A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-03-17 EP EP15710485.2A patent/EP3120414A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-03-17 US US15/127,579 patent/US10454173B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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