EP3014704B1 - Polarisationsvorrichtung für eine satellitentelekommunikationsantenne und entsprechende antenne - Google Patents

Polarisationsvorrichtung für eine satellitentelekommunikationsantenne und entsprechende antenne Download PDF

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EP3014704B1
EP3014704B1 EP14726562.3A EP14726562A EP3014704B1 EP 3014704 B1 EP3014704 B1 EP 3014704B1 EP 14726562 A EP14726562 A EP 14726562A EP 3014704 B1 EP3014704 B1 EP 3014704B1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
antenna
polarization
degrees
selective
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French (fr)
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EP3014704A1 (de
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Gérard Collignon
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Ineo Defense SAS
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Ineo Defense SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
    • H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
    • H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of polarizers for satellite telecommunications antenna.
  • the invention also relates to an associated satellite telecommunications antenna.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for transmitting and receiving data to or from a satellite, particularly for satellite communications of the Satcom type (acronym for satellite communication or " satellite communications " in English terminology).
  • Satellite communications typically use a Tx transmit frequency band and a Rx receive band.
  • the polarization is often circular in opposite directions in transmission and reception, in particular for some satellites working in the X, Ka and Q / V bands.
  • circular polarization is particularly well suited to communications between a mobile (land vehicle, ship, plane ..) and a satellite because it does not require polarization orientation unlike linear polarization.
  • the radiating elements (patch, dipole, ...) are, in most cases, bi-polarization linear and the circular polarization is obtained by means of a hybrid coupler 90 ° (or equivalent) associated with each element or each line of radiating elements if the antenna is active or electronically scanned.
  • the main The disadvantage of this structure stems from the fact that the power distribution on the N radiating elements requires the use of two splitters at one input and N outputs. Either a dispatcher for transmission and a splitter for reception or a splitter for each of the two orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • a polarization device is disclosed in EP 2 469 653 A1 .
  • the present invention intends to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by providing a polarization device for using a satellite telecommunications antenna provided with radiating elements with a single linear polarization and therefore with a single splitter and a single access for the bands.
  • Rx and Tx The two circular polarizations are made in free space in front of the antenna by means of a polarizer which converts the linear polarization into left circular polarizations in the frequency band Tx and right circular polarization in the frequency band Rx, or vice versa.
  • the present invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a polarization device for a satellite telecommunications antenna comprising at least one frequency-selective layer capable of transforming a linear polarization, comprising two components, in left circular polarization in a first frequency band in transmission and in right circular polarization in a second frequency band in reception or vice versa, the phase difference between the two components of the linear polarization being between -85 and -95 degrees, preferably -90 degrees in one of the bands of frequency, and the phase shift between the two components of the linear polarization being between +85 and +95 degrees, preferably +90 degrees in the other frequency band, the at least one selective layer comprising horizontal meander wires associated with double resonators in split rectangular rings.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the complexity of the radiating elements and the splitters of a satellite telecommunications antenna and thus to facilitate its realization.
  • the invention also makes it possible to limit the size of a satellite telecommunications antenna facilitating its implementation in a mobile terminal.
  • the transmission and reception frequencies are separated by filtering by means of a diplexer.
  • the device comprises several frequency-selective layers of identical patterns.
  • the pattern may be different between the different layers.
  • the at least one frequency-selective layer is formed on a printed circuit comprising a substrate with a thickness of 2 mm and a relative dielectric constant equal to 2.2.
  • the selected substrate is RT / duroid 5880.
  • the device comprises four frequency-selective layers.
  • the device comprises at least one dielectric layer. This embodiment makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the polarization device.
  • the invention relates to a satellite telecommunications antenna comprising a polarization device according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the antenna is flat.
  • the polarization device is particularly well suited to a flat antenna or it brings a reduction in size but it can also be used for any type of antenna.
  • the flat antenna consists of an array of radiating elements of conductive material type or dipoles or equivalent.
  • the Figure 1 discloses a flat satellite telecommunication antenna 11 covered with a biasing device 10 comprising a plurality of frequency selective layers 12 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the satellite telecommunications antenna 11 is connected to a transmission channel 27 capable of transmitting information in both directions of circulation.
  • the signal to be transmitted 25 is applied to the input of the Tx filter 20 and then sent to the antenna 11 via the transmission channel. transmission 27.
  • the satellite telecommunications antenna 11 picks up a raw signal which is directed on the transmission channel 27 to the Rx filter 21 in order to be oriented towards the receiver 26.
  • the set of filters Rx 21 and Tx 20 constitutes a diplexer.
  • a linear polarization E emitted by the antenna 11 can be decomposed into two linear components at ⁇ 45 °: Ex and Ey.
  • the polarization device 10 is a phase shifter in free space for transforming the components Ex and Ey of the linear polarization E of the antenna in left circular polarization or in right circular polarization.
  • the polarization device imposes a phase shift between the linear polarization Ex and the linear polarization Ey between -85 and -95 degrees, preferably -90 degrees to obtain the left circular polarization, or a phase shift between the linear polarization Ex and the linear polarization Ey between +85 and +95 degrees, preferably +90 degrees to obtain the right circular polarization.
  • a left or right circular polarization In reception, a left or right circular polarization is converted into linear polarization according to the same reciprocal principle.
  • the direction of the right circular polarization in reception and left in transmission can be reversed simply by physically turning the polarization device by 90 °, which has the effect of inverting the components Ex and Ey and thus of reversing the sign of the phase shift. 90 °.
  • the polarization device 10 comprises four frequency-selective layers 12 comprising an identical metallic pattern making it possible to obtain the desired phase shift.
  • the polarization device may comprise any number of frequency-selective layers 12 and their patterns may to be different.
  • the polarization device of the invention grants the circuits to obtain a phase shift of + 90 ° in the reception frequency band Rx and a phase shift of -90 ° in the frequency band Emission Tx. (or the opposite).
  • the sum of the differential phase differences is close to 90 °.
  • the adaptation of the assembly is obtained by discarding the different frequency-selective layers 12 of approximately one-quarter of a wavelength.
  • Rx reception frequency band
  • YRX phase shift of -90 ° in the Emission Tx frequency band
  • FIG. 2 The appearance of the susceptances B used is represented on the Figure 2 depending on the frequency F.
  • Figure 2 reveals a series resonance curve of the susceptance By for the component y and a parallel resonance curve of the susceptance Bx for the component x.
  • the series resonance may correspond to the component x
  • the parallel resonance may correspond to the component y.
  • the components of susceptance Bx and By are obtained with an identical pattern on four frequency-selective layers 12 whose behavior is that of a parallel LC circuit for the component Ex and a series LC circuit for the component Ey or vice versa.
  • the pattern can take various forms to adjust the pace and parameters of phase shifts or susceptances.
  • the Figure 3 discloses an example of a pattern of frequency-selective layers 12 consisting of a network of parallel horizontal continuous wires and of an array of vertical dipoles, the pitch of this network is of the order of half a wavelength ⁇ / 2 is about 5mm to 30 GHz.
  • the son are made by parallel lines and the dipoles are made by solid rectangles regularly spaced in columns and connected in their middle.
  • the reason for the Figure 3 allows to obtain an Ex component exhibiting a behavior equivalent to a capacitance C1 in parallel with an inductance L1 and a component Ey having a behavior equivalent to an inductance L2 in series with a capacitance C2.
  • Variants of this pattern give additional degrees of freedom to grant the circuit more flexibly, the step is always close to ⁇ / 2.
  • the Figure 4 discloses a pattern of a frequency selective layer 12 consisting of parallel lines of solid squares regularly spaced in columns. Between each group of four full squares 35 are placed empty squares 36 and between the parallel lines of solid squares 35 are arranged solid lines 29b passing through the middle of the empty squares 36.
  • the pattern of the Figure 4 allows to obtain an Ex component exhibiting a behavior equivalent to a capacitance C3 in parallel with an inductance L3 and a component Ey having a behavior equivalent to an inductance L4 in series with a capacitance C4 placed in parallel with a capacitance C5.
  • the Figure 5 reveals a pattern of a frequency selective layer 12 consisting of parallel lines of segments 38. Between two parallel segments 38 are arranged crosses 39 regularly spaced column.
  • the reason for the Figure 5 allows to obtain an Ex component exhibiting a behavior equivalent to a capacitance C6 in series with an inductance C5 connected in parallel with an inductance L6 in series with a capacitance C7 and a component Ey having a behavior equivalent to an inductance L7 in series with a capacitance C8.
  • the Figure 6 discloses a pattern of a frequency-selective layer 12 made up of horizontal meander wires 40 which make it possible to adjust the value of the corresponding inductance in order to obtain a parallel resonance of satisfactory selectivity in polarization along x associated with double resonators in split rectangular rings (double C) which give a suitable series of selectivity resonance in polarization along y.
  • the resonant frequencies and the selectivity of the two resonances, series in polarization along y, and parallel in polarization along x, make it possible to obtain the desired phase shift ⁇ x / y in the two frequency bands Rx and Tx.
  • the reason for Figure 6 allows to obtain an Ex component exhibiting a behavior equivalent to a capacitance C9 in series with an inductance L8 connected in parallel with an inductance L9 and a component Ey having a behavior equivalent to an inductance L10 in series with a capacitance C10 connected in parallel with inductance L11 and connected in series with a capacitance C11 and connected in parallel with a capacitance C12.
  • the pattern of frequency-selective layers 12 is then determined according to the desired electrical behaviors.
  • the differential phase difference of a layer is therefore 22.5 ° in the transmit frequency band Tx and -22.5 ° in the receive frequency band Rx.
  • the total thickness of the polarization device is 6 mm.
  • the appearance of the differential phase ⁇ x / y of the complete polarization device 10 is shown in FIG. Figure 7 as a function of the frequency F.
  • the differential phase of the reception frequency band Rx is stationary and close to + 90 °.
  • the differential phase of the transmit frequency band Tx is stationary and close to -90 °.
  • This embodiment thus makes it possible to obtain a phase shift close to + 90 ° in the reception frequency band Rx and a phase shift close to -90 ° in the frequency band in Tx transmission.
  • the number of layers can be reduced or increased depending on the desired performance in terms of adaptation, ellipticity rate and incidence operating range.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Polarisationsvorrichtung (10) für eine Satellitentelekommunikationsantenne (11), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine frequenzselektive Schicht (12) aufweist, die eine lineare Polarisation (E) umwandeln kann, die zwei Komponenten (Ex, Ey) in linker Kreispolarisation in einem ersten Sendefrequenzband (Tx) und in rechter Kreispolarisation in einem zweiten Empfangsfrequenzband (Rx) oder umgekehrt enthält, und dass
    - die Phasenverschiebung zwischen den zwei Komponenten (Ex, Ey) der linearen Polarisation (E) zwischen -85 und -95 Grad liegt, vorzugsweise -90 Grad in einem der beiden Frequenzbänder (Rx, Tx), und
    - die Phasenverschiebung zwischen den zwei Komponenten (Ex, Ey) der linearen Polarisation (E) zwischen +85 und +95 Grad liegt, vorzugsweise +90 Grad in dem anderen Frequenzband (Rx, Tx),
    - wobei die mindestens eine selektive Schicht (12) waagrechte Drähte (40) in Mäanderform enthält, die Doppelresonatoren (41) in Form von geschlitzten rechtwinkligen Ringen zugeordnet sind.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere frequenzselektive Schichten (12) aufweist, die gleiche Muster besitzen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine frequenzselektive Schicht (12) auf einer Leiterplatte hergestellt wird, die ein Substrat einer Dicke von 2 mm und mit einer relativen Dielektrizitätskonstante (εr) gleich 2.2 enthält.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie vier frequenzselektive Schichten (12) aufweist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Blindleitwert (B) entsprechend der folgenden Gleichung aufweist: B = B 2 1 − F F 0 2
    Figure imgb0011
     wobei ein Kennwert (B2) es erlaubt, die Steilheit um eine Grenzfrequenz (F0) herum abhängig von der Frequenz (F) zu regeln.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Blindleitwert (B) entsprechend der folgenden Gleichung aufweist: B = B 1 1 − F F 0 2
    Figure imgb0012
     wobei ein Kennwert (B1) es erlaubt, die Steilheit um eine Grenzfrequenz (F0) herum abhängig von der Frequenz (F) zu regeln.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine dielektrische Schicht aufweist.
  8. Satellitentelekommunikationsantenne (11), die eine Polarisationsvorrichtung (12) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 aufweist.
  9. Antenne (11) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie flach ist.
EP14726562.3A 2013-06-27 2014-05-20 Polarisationsvorrichtung für eine satellitentelekommunikationsantenne und entsprechende antenne Active EP3014704B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1356168A FR3007913B1 (fr) 2013-06-27 2013-06-27 Dispositif de polarisation pour antenne de telecommunications par satellite et antenne associee
PCT/EP2014/060339 WO2014206649A1 (fr) 2013-06-27 2014-05-20 Dispositif de polarisation pour antenne de telecommunications par satellite et antenne associee

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EP3014704B1 true EP3014704B1 (de) 2017-04-19

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FR3035559B1 (fr) 2015-04-22 2018-06-15 Eutelsat S A Procede de generation de signaux polarises circulairement a partir d'un controleur de polarisation d'une station sol
EP3454419B1 (de) * 2017-09-11 2020-07-29 Thales Polarisierender reflektor für multistrahlantennen
US10840573B2 (en) 2017-12-05 2020-11-17 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Linear-to-circular polarizers using cascaded sheet impedances and cascaded waveplates
US10547117B1 (en) 2017-12-05 2020-01-28 Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Millimeter wave, wideband, wide scan phased array architecture for radiating circular polarization at high power levels
JP7064467B2 (ja) * 2019-04-18 2022-05-10 株式会社東芝 アンテナ装置
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WO2021231299A1 (en) 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to generate computer-trained machine learning models to correct computer-generated errors in audience data

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ES2633512T3 (es) 2017-09-21
FR3007913A1 (fr) 2015-01-02
EP3014704A1 (de) 2016-05-04
FR3007913B1 (fr) 2016-09-02
WO2014206649A1 (fr) 2014-12-31
US10333203B2 (en) 2019-06-25
US20160372820A1 (en) 2016-12-22

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