EP0888648B1 - Wendelantenne mit integriertem duplexer und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents

Wendelantenne mit integriertem duplexer und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0888648B1
EP0888648B1 EP97914395A EP97914395A EP0888648B1 EP 0888648 B1 EP0888648 B1 EP 0888648B1 EP 97914395 A EP97914395 A EP 97914395A EP 97914395 A EP97914395 A EP 97914395A EP 0888648 B1 EP0888648 B1 EP 0888648B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
feed
strands
elements
replaced
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP97914395A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0888648A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Blot
Ala Sharaiha
Jean-Marc Toureilles
Claude Terret
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Orange SA
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France Telecom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/222—180° rat race hybrid rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of wide bandwidth antennas and hemispherical or quasi-hemispherical radiation pattern. More precisely, the invention relates to resonant helical antennas operating in two bands of neighboring frequencies corresponding to transmission and reception, and in particular the decoupling of these two channels, and therefore the duplexer function.
  • the antenna of the invention finds applications in particular in the context of mobile satellite communications between fixed users and all types of mobiles, for example aeronautical, maritime or terrestrial.
  • mobile satellite communications between fixed users and all types of mobiles, for example aeronautical, maritime or terrestrial.
  • systems in this area communication systems are implemented, or are currently being development (e.g. INMARSAT, INMARSAT-M systems, Globalstar ).
  • These antennas are also of interest in the deployment personal communication systems (PCS) by geostationary satellites.
  • PCS personal communication systems
  • the invention can find applications in all systems requiring the use of a wide band, a cover diagram hemispherical, circular polarization and a good ellipticity ratio.
  • the antennas must indeed have the above characteristics either in a very wide bandwidth, around 10%, ie in two neighboring sub-bands corresponding respectively to the reception and broadcast.
  • This antenna called the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna (HQR)
  • HQR resonant quadrifilar helix antenna
  • a quadrifilar antenna is formed by four radiating strands.
  • An example of realization is described in detail in the document "Analysis of quadrifilar resonant helical antenna for mobile communications "(analysis of the resonant quadrifilar helix antenna for communications with mobiles), by A. Sharaiha and C. Terret (IEEE - Proceedings H, vol. 140, no.4, August 1993).
  • the radiating strands are printed on a substrate thin dielectric, then wound on a transparent cylindrical support of the radio point of view.
  • the four strands of the propeller are open or short-circuited one end and electrically connected at the other end with segments conductors arranged on the base of the lower part of the support cylinder.
  • the fourth strands of the helix are therefore excited through these conductive segments.
  • This antenna conventionally requires a supply circuit, which ensures the excitation of the different antenna strands by signals of the same amplitude in phase quadrature.
  • Several techniques are known for making such circuits Power.
  • This technique has the advantage of being relatively simple to carry out and to put in action. On the other hand, it leads to a not insignificant bulk, compared to the size of the antenna (which can for example have a size of the order of ten centimeters). This drawback makes this solution incompatible with many applications, especially when maximum miniaturization is required.
  • each two-wire propeller can be powered by a coaxial balun of the so-called "balun” type folded ".
  • the two two-wire are then excited in phase quadrature using a hybrid coupler.
  • balun / adapter assembly used for this type of antennas (made for example from a coaxial section, the core and sheath form dipole) is complex and bulky.
  • this type of assembly has the disadvantage of forming a kind of band pass filter still too narrow.
  • This technique eliminates hybrid couplers. It presents in however the disadvantage of requiring a delicate adjustment of the length of the strands. Moreover, the antenna is no longer symmetrical, and production will be more complex. Furthermore, this method remains specifically reserved for systems using a band of close operation.
  • duplexer This is the role of the duplexer, usually placed at the power point of the antenna.
  • duplexers Several types are known.
  • the document “RF filters and Diplexers for Cellular Applications” by Gord Neilson and John Mchory (Antem'90) thus present various types of duplexers used in the field of radiocommunication.
  • duplexers act as filters, and can therefore introduce loss of useful signal parts.
  • the invention particularly aims to overcome these various disadvantages of the state of technique.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide an antenna and its power system (thereafter, the term “antenna” includes the antenna itself and its power system) which has two sub-bands which are sufficiently decoupled so as not to require the presence of a conventional additional duplexer.
  • the invention aims to provide an antenna bidirectional ensuring simple and efficient duplexing function, without call to known duplexers.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide such an antenna, which is of a cost cost of little importance, and easily achievable industrially.
  • the invention aims to provide such an antenna, which can be manufactured in a very small number of successive operations.
  • Another object of the invention is also to provide such an antenna, which does not requires specific and complex adjustments.
  • Yet another objective of the invention is to provide such an antenna (and including its power system), which is compact, compared to to known devices.
  • the invention also aims to provide such an antenna, which provides a excitation equiamplitude of the four strands and a law in exact phase quadrature, and therefore a good quality of circular polarization, in the two sub-bands.
  • a helical antenna with integrated duplexing means comprising two decoupled coaxial propellers, each formed of radiating strands printed on a substrate, each of said helices being associated with a structure independent and miniaturized broadband feed of said radiating strands, said supply structures being printed on said corresponding substrate and comprising at least one hybrid coupler made from semi-localized elements, so as to reduce the dimensions.
  • Realization of antenna strands and supply of printed elements allows the antenna, its power supply and the duplexer to be produced in a single operation, without specific connection means, and in a particularly reduced format.
  • hybrid couplers made from semi-localized elements allows to obtain all the desired qualities, and in particular to reduce the overall size of the assembly, compared to the conventionally used lines.
  • each of said coaxial helices being perfectly decoupled, this structure directly plays the role of duplexer, without any element additional.
  • the feed points of each of the propellers correspond respectively and directly to the transmit signal and the receive signal.
  • said propellers have, when they are laid flat, strands having directions symmetrical with respect to the axis of said antenna, and are wound in opposite winding directions, so that said strands are substantially parallel.
  • This technique allows the printed side of the internal propeller to face inside, and that of the external propeller towards the outside.
  • the excitation points of each of said quadrifilar propellers are offset with respect to each other, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of said propellers. According to an advantageous embodiment, they are offset by 135 °.
  • said propeller is a quadrifilar propeller, formed of four radiating strands supplied by a supply structure comprising three couplers hybrids.
  • said supply structure includes a first 180 ° hybrid coupler combining an input and / or output supplying said antenna with two phase-shifted outputs and / or intermediate inputs of 180 °, and two 90 ° hybrid couplers each associating one of said outputs and / or intermediate inputs of said first hybrid coupler at one end of two said radiating strands.
  • said antenna is mounted on a support having first and second separate parts having different permittivities, said first part carrying said radiating strands and said second part carrying said supply structure.
  • said first part carrying the antenna strands has a permittivity greater than 1.
  • An antenna as described above can be used alone, or in a network antennas.
  • the invention also relates to the manufacture of such antennas, which turns out particularly simplified, compared to known techniques.
  • the invention therefore relates to an antenna with a broadband feed system and integrated duplexer, produced using a simple manufacturing technique and presenting a low cost.
  • the invention can be applied to any type of antenna in propellers.
  • the preferred embodiment described above relates to an antenna with quadrifilar propellers.
  • the antenna therefore has two coaxial propellers ensuring transmission and reception respectively.
  • Each of these propellers is made up of four strands printed on a substrate, on which a structure is jointly printed Power.
  • the antenna functions are implemented, feeder and duplexer. This makes it possible to obtain a very compact antenna, and at cost very low cost.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the printed elements, when developed flat.
  • it includes four radiating antenna strands 11 1 to 11 4 .
  • They are for example made of copper, on a thin dielectric substrate, such as kapton ( ⁇ r ⁇ 3.8).
  • the four strands 11 1 to 11 4 are preferably open at their upper end 15 1 to 15 4 . They can also be short-circuited. However, the system of the invention is particularly suitable for the excitation of antennas with more open strands which, for equal performance, have smaller dimensions than the antennas with short-circuited strands.
  • the other end 16 1 to 16 4 of the strands is connected to the feed lines of the supply circuit.
  • the supply system is produced on the same substrate, as an extension of the antenna. It is made up of three hybrid couplers 12, 13 and 14 designed in elements semi-localized.
  • the first hybrid coupler 12 is connected on the one hand to the input (respectively output depending on use) 17 signal from the antenna, and the other at the two inputs (respectively outputs) 18 and 19 of the two other couplers 13 and 14. It is a 180 ° hybrid coupler.
  • the hybrid couplers 13 and 14 are two identical 90 ° couplers. They are connected on the one hand to the input 18 (respectively 19) and on the other hand to the end of the strands 16 1 and 16 2 (respectively 16 3 and 16 4 ).
  • the four strands are supplied in perfect phase quadrature, on a broadband.
  • the cylindrical support is a transparent support from the radioelectric point of view, that is to say having a permittivity close to 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the elements forming the internal layer of the antenna, shown flat. These elements are quite similar to those described in connection with FIG. 1, except that the antenna strands 51 1 to 51 4 are inclined in the opposite direction, the winding direction 52 being opposite to the winding direction 17 of the first propeller.
  • the dielectric substrate is identical to the first.
  • the system power supply 53 is also in the extension of the antenna strands 511 and 514 and is made of semi-localized elements.
  • the assembly is then wound inwards (arrow 52) on a support radio-transparent, to provide the internal helix of Figure 4.
  • the 90 ° couplers 13 and 14 each consist of 4 wide elements 31 1 and 31 4 , connected 2 to 2 by 4 lines of small width 32 1 to 32 4 .
  • the 190 ° coupler includes 6 wide elements 331 to 336 connected by 6 narrow lines 34 1 to 34 6 .
  • Figures 7A and 7C illustrate the design of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler.
  • FIG. 7A presents a conventional diagram of a -3 dB 90 ° coupler in elements distributed. It includes two sections of line 81, 82 of length ⁇ g / 4 and of impedance characteristic Zc, and two sections of line 83, 84 of length ⁇ g / 4, and of impedance Z c / ⁇ 2.
  • Figures 10 and 11 relate to the radiation patterns measured in right circular polarization (a) and left circular polarization (6), with a dipole operating respectively at 1.98 GHz ( Figure 10) and 2.2 GHz ( Figure 11) frequencies.
  • Figure 12 shows that the decoupling between the two propellers is greater than 20 dB.
  • An antenna according to the invention can be produced in several ways.
  • the propellers can be printed at flat, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3. They are then rolled up on a support for form the antenna (figures 2 and 4).
  • the substrate intended for receive the printed elements can be made directly in its cylindrical shape final.
  • the printing of the strands and the feeding structure is carried out directly on the cylinder.
  • the antenna the invention advantageously lends itself to the production of antenna arrays.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Wendelantenne, die in zwei benachbarten, jeweils der Übertragung und den Empfang entsprechenden Frequenzbändern arbeitet, von der Art, die zwei koaxiale Wendeln aufweist, die jeweils durch auf einem Substrat aufgedruckte abstrahlende Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) gebildet werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der Wendeln einer ebenfalls auf dem Substrat aufgedruckten unabhängigen Versorgungs- und Duplexierungsstruktur zugeordnet ist, welche mindestens einen Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14) umfasst, der aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen hergestellt ist, welche folgendermaßen erhalten werden:
    Konzipieren eines Kopplers mit verteilten Elementen, wobei jeder Teilabschnitt eine Länge von mindestens λg/4 aufweist, wo λg die höchste Wellenlänge ist, bei der die Antenne betrieben werden kann;
    Bestimmen einer entsprechenden Struktur aus lokalisierten Elementen, wobei jedes der benannten Teilabschnitte durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, bestehend aus einem Kondensator C und zwei Spulen L und L';
    Bestimmen einer Struktur aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen, in der jeder der Kondensatoren C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jede Spule L und L' durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so dass die erwähnte Versorgungs- und Duplexierungstruktur einen Platzbedarf von weniger als λg/4, eine ausreichende Entkoppelung der Sende- und Empfangswege sowie ein breites Band aufweist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wendeln, wenn sie flach gelegt werden, Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) aufweisen, deren Richtungen symmetrisch im Verhältnis zur Achse der Antenne sind und in entgegengesetzte Richtungen aufgerollt sind, so dass die Adern in etwa parallel untereinander sind.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregungspunkte (61, 62) einer jeden der vieradrigen Wendeln in einer zur Achse der Wendeln senkrechten Ebene gegeneinander verschoben sind.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erregungspunkte (61, 62) um 135° gegeneinander verschoben sind.
  5. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wendeln vieradrige Wendeln sind, die jeweils aus vier abstrahlenden Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) gebildet sind, die jeweils durch eine Versorgungsstruktur versorgt werden, welche drei Richtkoppler umfasst.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der Versorgungsstrukturen einen ersten 180° Richtkoppler (12) umfasst, der einen Versorgungseingang und/oder einen Versorgungsausgang der Antenne mit zwei um 180° phasenverschobenen Zwischeneingängen und/oder Zwischenausgängen assoziiert, sowie zwei 90° Richtkoppler (13, 14), die jeweils einen der Zwischeneingänge und/oder Zwischenausgänge des ersten Richtkopplers mit einem Ende von zwei der erwähnten abstrahlenden Adern assoziiert.
  7. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Wendeln auf einer Unterlage montiert ist, welche einen ersten und einen zweiten davon unterschiedlichen Teil mit verschiedenen Dielektrizitätskonstanten aufweist, wobei der erste Teil die abstrahlenden Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) und der zweite Teil die Versorgungsstruktur trägt.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste, die abstrahlenden Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) tragende Teil eine höhere absolute Dielektrizitätskonstante als der zweite Teil aufweist.
  9. Herstellungsverfahren einer Wendelantenne mit integrierten miniaturisierten Duplexierungs- und Versorgungsmitteln, die zwei entkoppelte koaxiale Wendeln umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es für jede der Wendeln die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    Aufdrucken von mindestens zwei abstrahlenden Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) auf einem ebenen Substrat, wobei diese Adem eine Wendel bilden sollen, sowie einer selbständigen miniaturisierten Breitband-Versorgungsstruktur der besagten abstrahlenden Adern, welche mindestens einen Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14) umfasst, der aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen gefertigt ist, die folgendermaßen erhalten werden:
    Konzipieren eines Kopplers aus verteilten Elementen, wobei jedes Segment eine Mindestlänge von λg/4 aufweist, wobei λg die höchste Wellenlänge ist, bei der die Antenne betrieben werden kann;
    Bestimmen einer entsprechenden Struktur aus lokalisierten Elementen, wobei jeder der benannten Teilabschnitte durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, bestehend aus einem Kondensator C und zwei Spulen L und L';
    Bestimmen einer Struktur aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen, in der jeder der Kondensatoren C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jede Spule L und L'durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so dass die erwähnte Versorgungs- und Duplexierungstruktur einen Platzbedarf von weniger als λg/4, eine ausreichende Entkoppelung der Sende- und Empfangswege sowie ein breites Band aufweist;
    Aufrollen des Substrats um einen zylindrischen Träger.
  10. Herstellungsverfahren einer Wendelantenne mit integrierten miniaturisierten Duplexierungs- und Versorgungsmitteln, die zwei entkoppelte koaxiale Wendeln umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es für jede der Wendeln die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    Erzielen eines zylindrischen Trägers, der ein Substrat trägt;
    Aufdrucken von mindestens zwei abstrahlenden Adern (111 bis 114; 511 bis 514) auf einem ebenen Substrat, wobei diese Adern eine Wendel bilden sollen, sowie einer selbständigen miniaturisierten Breitband-Versorgungstruktur der besagten abstrahlenden Adern, welche mindestens einen Richtkoppler (12, 13, 14) umfasst, der aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen gefertigt ist, die folgendermaßen erhalten werden:
    Konzipieren eines Kopplers aus verteilten Elementen, wobei jedes Segment eine Mindestlänge von λg/4 aufweist, wobei λg die höchste Wellenlänge ist, bei der die Antenne betrieben werden kann;
    Feststellen einer entsprechenden Struktur aus lokalisierten Elementen, wobei jeder der benannten Teilabschnitte durch eine π-Zelle ersetzt wird, bestehend aus einem Kondensator C und zwei Spulen L und L';
    Feststellen einer Struktur aus halb-lokalisierten Elementen, in der jeder der Kondensatoren C durch eine breite Leitung (86) und jede Spule L und L' durch eine schmalere Leitung (85) ersetzt wird,
    so dass die erwähnte Versorgungs- und Duplexierungstruktur einen Platzbedarf von weniger als λg/4, eine ausreichende Entkoppelung der Sende- und Empfangswege sowie ein breites Band aufweist.
EP97914395A 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Wendelantenne mit integriertem duplexer und verfahren zu deren herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0888648B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9603699A FR2746548B1 (fr) 1996-03-19 1996-03-19 Antenne helicoidale a moyens de duplexage integres, et procedes de fabrication correspondants
FR9603699 1996-03-19
PCT/FR1997/000456 WO1997035357A1 (fr) 1996-03-19 1997-03-13 Antenne helicoidale a moyens de duplexage integres, et procedes de fabrication correspondants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0888648A1 EP0888648A1 (de) 1999-01-07
EP0888648B1 true EP0888648B1 (de) 2003-11-05

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US (1) US6608604B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0888648B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1218434C (de)
AU (1) AU2165197A (de)
CA (1) CA2248884A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69725972T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2212088T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2746548B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1997035357A1 (de)

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SE514530C2 (sv) 1998-05-18 2001-03-12 Allgon Ab Antennanordning omfattande kapacitivt kopplade radiotorelement och en handburen radiokommunikationsanordning för en sådan antennanordning
FR2814285A1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-22 France Telecom Antenne helicoidale a pas variable, et procede correspondant
US7173576B2 (en) * 2004-07-28 2007-02-06 Skycross, Inc. Handset quadrifilar helical antenna mechanical structures
US7245268B2 (en) * 2004-07-28 2007-07-17 Skycross, Inc. Quadrifilar helical antenna
CN1314287C (zh) * 2005-06-24 2007-05-02 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 用于移动通信双工塔顶放大器的高集成化通用双工器模块
DE102006021839A1 (de) * 2006-05-10 2007-11-15 Siemens Ag Antenne und Sende-/Empfangseinheit
GB0700276D0 (en) * 2007-01-08 2007-02-14 Sarantel Ltd A dielectrically-loaded antenna
US8089421B2 (en) * 2008-01-08 2012-01-03 Sarantel Limited Dielectrically loaded antenna
BRPI1009330A2 (pt) * 2009-03-12 2016-03-08 Sarantel Ltd antena carregada de modo dielétrico
US8456375B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2013-06-04 Sarantel Limited Multifilar antenna
CN101600269B (zh) * 2009-06-30 2011-06-08 华为技术有限公司 一种天馈共享装置、系统及方法
CN102412859B (zh) * 2010-09-21 2013-12-04 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 一种基于分立器件的射频混合双工器
US9923266B1 (en) 2013-12-16 2018-03-20 First Rf Corporation Antenna array with tilted conical helical antennas
US9343796B2 (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-05-17 Novatel Inc. Wideband and low-loss quadrature phase quad-feeding network for high-performance GNSS antenna
US10374299B1 (en) 2015-02-06 2019-08-06 First Rf Corporation Method for making a radiator structure for a helical antenna

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FR2654554B1 (fr) * 1989-11-10 1992-07-31 France Etat Antenne en helice, quadrifilaire, resonnante bicouche.
US5198831A (en) * 1990-09-26 1993-03-30 501 Pronav International, Inc. Personal positioning satellite navigator with printed quadrifilar helical antenna
US5235296A (en) * 1990-11-28 1993-08-10 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Directional coupler using a microstrip line
US5581268A (en) * 1995-08-03 1996-12-03 Globalstar L.P. Method and apparatus for increasing antenna efficiency for hand-held mobile satellite communications terminal
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CA2248884A1 (en) 1997-09-25
AU2165197A (en) 1997-10-10
EP0888648A1 (de) 1999-01-07
US6608604B1 (en) 2003-08-19
DE69725972T2 (de) 2004-09-02
CN1218434C (zh) 2005-09-07
FR2746548A1 (fr) 1997-09-26
ES2212088T3 (es) 2004-07-16
FR2746548B1 (fr) 1998-06-19
CN1218581A (zh) 1999-06-02
WO1997035357A1 (fr) 1997-09-25
DE69725972D1 (de) 2003-12-11

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