EP3942649B1 - Kompakte richtantenne, vorrichtung mit einer solchen antenne - Google Patents

Kompakte richtantenne, vorrichtung mit einer solchen antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3942649B1
EP3942649B1 EP20710525.5A EP20710525A EP3942649B1 EP 3942649 B1 EP3942649 B1 EP 3942649B1 EP 20710525 A EP20710525 A EP 20710525A EP 3942649 B1 EP3942649 B1 EP 3942649B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
parasitic
elements
ground plane
radiator element
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EP20710525.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3942649A1 (de
EP3942649C0 (de
Inventor
Yann MEHUT
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Unabiz
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Unabiz
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/22—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element
    • H01Q19/26—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of compact directional antennas.
  • the invention relates to a compact directional antenna suitable for geolocating connected objects emitting radio signals, as well as a device using such an antenna.
  • an antenna generally depends on the wavelength for which the antenna is designed: the lower the working frequency, the greater the associated wavelength, and the greater the dimensions of an antenna suitable for this working frequency are great.
  • RF Harrington demonstrated in 1959 that an antenna whose dimensions can be encompassed in a sphere of radius R has a directivity proportional to (R 2 + 2R). In other words, the more compact the antenna, the lower its directivity.
  • An existing solution for creating a directional antenna consists of arranging several unitary antenna elements in a network. Only one of these elements, called the “radiator element”, is electrically powered. The other elements, called “parasitic elements” are powered by mutual induction.
  • the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna in a given direction corresponds to the sum of the fields radiated by each of the elements.
  • the different elements of the network are of the same nature and have similar shapes and dimensions. These are, for example, electric dipoles which can be formed by metal rods or ribbons.
  • the best-known example of such an antenna is the Yagi-Uda antenna (named after its inventors, Hidetsugu Yagi and Shintaro Uda).
  • the dimensions of a transmitting or receiving device using such an antenna depend not only on the dimensions of the antenna, but also on the dimensions of the electronic card which embeds the various electronic components of the device.
  • This electronic card is generally connectorized to the antenna, and it must be positioned such that it does not disrupt the performance of the antenna. This generally contributes to relatively large dimensions of the transmitting or receiving device.
  • the patent application JP 2015220738 A discloses an antenna comprising a first antenna element comprising an electrically powered monopole (element 30 on the figure 1 ), a loop placed in a field close to the monopole (element 50A on the Figure 9 ), and a ground plan (element 20 on the figure 1 ), as well as a second antenna element also taking the form of a loop (element 50B on the Figure 9 ).
  • the ground plane and the monopole are formed in the same plane, while the loops are arranged orthogonally to said plane.
  • the present invention aims to remedy all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular those set out above, by proposing an antenna with good performance both in terms of directivity, radiation efficiency and compactness.
  • the antenna according to the invention also has the possibility of integrating the electronic components of a receiving device either directly on a ground plane of the antenna, or on a printed circuit board positioned facing and close to the ground plane of the antenna. This makes it possible to limit the dimensions of the receiving device, while avoiding disrupting the performance of the antenna.
  • the directivity of an antenna in a direction is the ratio between the surface power density radiated by the antenna in this direction at a given distance and the power density which would be radiated by an isotropic antenna radiating the same total power .
  • Directivity has no unit, it is generally expressed in isotropic decibel (dBi).
  • dBi decibel
  • “directivity of an antenna” is generally understood to mean the value of the directivity of the antenna in the direction in which the directivity is maximum.
  • the radiation efficiency of an antenna is defined by the ratio between the radiated power and the power injected at the antenna input. This parameter reflects the losses present on the antenna.
  • the gain of an antenna in a given direction is the product between the directivity of the antenna in that direction and the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the present invention proposes a directional antenna comprising an array of unitary antenna elements.
  • the network comprises an active antenna element, called a “radiator element”, intended to be electrically connected to a radio frequency source or receiver, and at least one passive antenna element powered by mutual induction, called a “parasitic element”.
  • the radiator element is a parasitic resonator antenna comprising a monopole, a ground plane and a parasitic cell placed in the near field of the monopole.
  • Such an antenna is distinguished from the antennas of the prior art by the fact that the radiator element has a different nature from the parasitic elements.
  • the radiator element in fact exhibits the behavior of a magnetic dipole while the other elements of the network behave like electric dipoles.
  • the antenna according to the invention is particularly efficient in terms of directivity and radiation efficiency while remaining very compact.
  • the presence of a ground plane which is generally not sought in this type of antenna, can advantageously make it possible to integrate all or part of the electronic modules of a transmitter and/or receiver device comprising such a antenna.
  • the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
  • the radiator element and said at least one parasitic element of the network are formed in the same plane.
  • the use of a planar network makes it possible to limit the size of the antenna.
  • the network comprises at least one parasitic element of the reflector type and at least one parasitic element of the director type.
  • a reflector element and a director element are aligned with the radiator element, on either side of the radiator element, along an axis of the network corresponding to a direction in which the gain of the antenna is maximum.
  • the presence of at least one reflector element and at least one director element makes it possible to improve the performance of the antenna in terms of directivity.
  • the antenna comprises three parasitic elements including a reflector element and two director elements, each parasitic element being formed by an electric dipole folded in the form of meanders. Folding the branches of the electric dipoles in the form of meanders makes it possible to limit the dimensions of the antenna.
  • the monopole is intended to be electrically connected to the radio frequency source or receiver, and the parasitic cell of the radiator element takes the form of an open loop.
  • the working frequency of the antenna is less than one gigahertz
  • the array of elements has a length of less than twenty centimeters and a width of less than ten centimeters
  • the antenna has a maximum value of directivity greater than 8 dBi and radiation efficiency greater than -3 dB.
  • the ground plane of the radiator element comprises electrical tracks for an electronic circuit of a transmitting or receiving device, said electrical tracks being etched within the ground plane.
  • the present invention relates to a transmitter or receiver device comprising a directional antenna according to one any of the preceding embodiments.
  • the transmitter or receiver device further comprises an electronic circuit positioned opposite the ground plane of the radiator element of the antenna.
  • Such an electronic circuit corresponds to a set of electronic components of at least one electronic module of the receiving device.
  • the different electronic components are generally interconnected using a printed circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a particular embodiment of an antenna 10 according to the invention.
  • the antenna 10 comprises an array 12 of four unit antenna elements.
  • Network 12 is a planar network. In other words, all the antenna elements forming the network 12 are arranged in the same plane. This makes it possible to limit the volume occupied by the antenna 10, and consequently to limit the dimensions of the receiving device which carries the antenna 10.
  • the different antenna elements are arranged on a printed circuit board 11 (PCB for " Printed Circuit Board” in Anglo-Saxon literature).
  • radiator element 20 When the antenna 10 operates in transmission, one of the elements, called “radiator element 20" is electrically powered by an RF source, that is to say by an electric current oscillating at the frequency of a radio wave.
  • the term “radio wave” means an electromagnetic wave whose frequency varies from a few Hertz (Hz) to several hundred Gigahertz (GHz). This current is for example conveyed between the source and the antenna by a power cable (for example a coaxial cable). The RF source and power cable are not shown in the figures.
  • the radiator element 20 When the antenna 10 is operating in reception, the radiator element 20 is electrically connected to an RF receiver. The electric current induced by the electromagnetic field observed at the level of the radiator element 20 can thus be converted into an electrical signal then amplified at the level of the RF receiver.
  • the connection between the antenna 10 and the RF receiver can be made, in a conventional manner, by a coaxial cable.
  • the three other elements are not electrically powered. These are passive elements powered by mutual induction coupling.
  • This type of network 12 in which a single element is electrically supplied makes it possible to limit the size of the antenna 10 because there is no need to create a complex electrical supply network for the different elements.
  • the radiator element 20 and the three parasitic elements 30 are aligned in a direction 13 in which the gain of the antenna 10 is maximum.
  • One of the parasitic elements 30 plays the role of a “reflector element 31”, while the other two parasitic elements 30 play the role of “directing elements 32”.
  • a reflecting element 31 is disposed relative to the radiator element 20 opposite the direction 13 of maximum gain of the antenna 10.
  • a directing element 32 is disposed relative to the radiator element 20 in the direction 13 of maximum gain of the antenna 10.
  • a reflector element 31 and a director element 32 are arranged on either side of the radiator element 20.
  • the electric current which circulates in the radiator element 20 produces by radiation an electromagnetic field which induces currents in the other elements.
  • the current induced in the parasitic elements 30 in turn produces other electromagnetic fields which induce current in the other elements (both in the parasitic elements 30 and in the radiator element 20).
  • the current that flows in each element is the result of the interaction between all the elements. It depends on the positions and dimensions of each element.
  • the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna 10 in a given direction is the sum of the electromagnetic fields radiated by each of the elements of the network 12.
  • Each element has a different amplitude and phase of the current. We can thus observe constructive or destructive additions of the electromagnetic fields depending on the phase shift specific to each element.
  • a directing element 32 which is placed towards the front of the antenna 10 reinforces the electromagnetic field in direction 13 (that is to say in the direction radiator element 20 towards directing element 32).
  • a reflector element 31 which is placed towards the rear of the antenna 10 reflects the electromagnetic field to reinforce it in direction 13 (that is to say in the direction reflector element 31 towards radiator element 20).
  • the positions and dimensions of the elements of the network 12 are calculated so that the phases of the resulting currents are such that the addition of electromagnetic fields is minimal towards the rear and maximum forward.
  • the phase and amplitude of the currents induced in the elements is such that the current induced in the radiator element 20 connected to the RF receiver is minimum for waves coming from the rear and maximum for the waves coming from the front relative to direction 13.
  • the parasitic elements 30 are electrical dipoles formed by metal ribbons printed on the printed circuit board 11. As illustrated on the figure 1 , to limit the dimensions of the antenna, each electric dipole is folded into a meander shape. Each dipole has two branches 33. The two branches 33 of a dipole are symmetrical with each other with respect to an axis following the direction 13 of maximum gain of the antenna 10 and passing through the middle of the card 11 of printed circuit on which the antenna 10 is manufactured. For each electric dipole, the two branches 33 can be separated by a phase shift circuit 34 comprising resistive, capacitive and/or inductive components making it possible to optimize the directivity performance of the antenna 10. The phase shift circuits 34 make it possible in particular to introduce at the level of each parasitic element 30 the phase shift necessary to optimize the directivity of the antenna 10.
  • figure 1 represents a face of the printed circuit board 11 on which the different elements of the antenna 10 are arranged.
  • figure 2 represents the other face of the printed circuit board 11.
  • the radiator element 20 is a parasitic resonator antenna comprising a monopole 21, a ground plane 22 and a parasitic cell 23 placed in the near field of the monopole 21.
  • the ground plane 22 comprises two superimposed layers, each layer being respectively arranged on one face of the printed circuit board 11.
  • the two layers of the ground plane 22 are thus facing each other.
  • the two layers of the ground plane 22 are for example electrically connected to each other by a multitude of vias 24.
  • via is meant a metallized hole in the printed circuit board 11 which makes it possible to establish a connection electrical between the two faces of said card 11. It should be noted that nothing prevents the use of a ground plane 22 which has only one layer disposed on only one of the faces of the printed circuit card 11.
  • the ground plane 22 is made of an electrically conductive material, for example metal.
  • the ground plane 22 has a rectangular shape.
  • the ground plane 22 can be a plane electrical conductor taking another shape, and the choice of a particular shape of the ground plane 22 only represents variants of the invention.
  • the monopole 21 is formed by a metal ribbon printed on the face of the printed circuit board 11 opposite the face on which the electric dipoles of the parasitic elements 30 are printed.
  • the RF source (for a transmitting antenna) and/or the RF receiver (for an antenna in reception) is (are) electrically connected on the one hand to the monopole 21 by a first power cable (positive pole) and on the other hand to the ground plane 22 by a second cable power supply (negative pole).
  • a coaxial cable can be used for the power cable.
  • An impedance matching circuit can be added, for example at the connection of the monopole 21 with the source or the RF receiver.
  • the parasite cell 23 is formed by a ribbon printed in the form of an open loop.
  • open loop we mean that the ribbon forms a loop, but the two ends of the ribbon do not touch each other. In other words, an opening is provided in the loop.
  • the loop takes the shape of a rectangle. It should however be noted that other forms are possible for the parasite cell 23.
  • the loop can also take the form of an oval ring (see the Figure 3 ), the shape of the letter D (see Figure 4 ), or the shape of a semi-circle or semi-oval with a rectilinear portion to partially close the semi-circle or semi-oval (see it Figure 5 ). In all cases, an opening should be left in the loop.
  • the parasitic cell 23 takes the shape of a Z resonator rather than the shape of an open loop.
  • the radiator element 20 corresponds to an NFRP resonator (English acronym for “Near-Field Resonant Parasitic”) using a capacitive loop (NFRP antenna of CLL type, English acronym for “Capacitively Loaded Loop”).
  • the parasitic cell 23 is placed in the near field of the monopole 21.
  • the monopole 21 exhibits capacitive behavior and is indirectly adapted by the parasitic cell 23 which for its part exhibits inductive behavior.
  • Such a radiator element 20 has the advantage on the one hand of presenting a unitary radiation pattern oriented in the axis of the network 12 of the antenna 10, that is to say in the direction 13 in which it is desired to obtain the maximum gain (which contributes to the good directivity of the antenna 10 in this direction 13), and on the other hand to include a ground plane 22 (the advantage linked to the presence of the ground plane 22 will be treated later in the description).
  • the use of such a radiator element 20, different from the parasitic elements 30, makes it possible to obtain very good performance not only in terms of directivity, but also in terms of radiation efficiency.
  • the antenna 10 has a directivity greater than 8 dBi and an efficiency greater than -3 dB, which means that more than 50% of the power injected into the antenna 10 is radiated. by the antenna 10.
  • a similar antenna for which the radiator element 20 would be formed by an electric dipole identical to the parasitic elements 30 has a barely better directivity of the order of 9 dBi, but a radiation efficiency lower than -15 dBi, which means that less than 5% of the power injected into the antenna is radiated.
  • the monopole 21 is placed on the face of the printed circuit board 11 opposite the face on which the parasitic cell 23 is placed.
  • all the elements of the network 12 of the antenna 10 can be arranged on the same face of a printed circuit board.
  • the coupling between these two elements is mainly electrical in nature.
  • the coupling between these two elements is mainly of a magnetic nature. It is advantageous, in terms of size, that the monopole 21 and the parasitic cell 23 are each arranged on a different face of the printed circuit board 11, because they can then be superimposed, as shown on the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the antenna 10 described previously with reference to the figures 1 and 2 is an antenna 10 for a receiving device used to geolocate connected objects emitting radio signals.
  • the working frequency is at 869.5 MHz
  • the receiving device must have sufficiently small dimensions for the receiving device to fit in the hand of a user, in the manner for example of a television remote control.
  • the connected objects sought recurrently emit radio signals at the working frequency, and the user can move and point the receiving device in different directions of the space to attempt to detect a signal emitted by an object.
  • the antenna should therefore have high directivity to accurately detect the direction in which a detected object is located, as well as good radiation efficiency to increase the detection distance of an object by the receiving device.
  • the printed circuit board 11 on which the antenna 10 is made has a length of 165 mm and a width of 50 mm.
  • the different radiating elements (monopole 21 and parasitic cell 23 of the radiator element 20, parasitic elements 30) and the two layers of the ground plane 22 are printed on the printed circuit board 11 in the form of a copper layer of 18 ⁇ m thick. For each parasitic element 30, each branch of the electric dipole has a total length of 96 mm and a width of 2 mm.
  • the monopole 21 has a length of 11 mm and a width of 1 mm.
  • Each layer of the ground plane 22 is a rectangle of length 48 mm and width 18 mm.
  • the loop of the parasite cell 23 is formed by a 2 mm wide ribbon drawing a rectangle 47 mm long and 18 mm wide.
  • the inter-element distance has been carefully studied so as to obtain the best possible compromise between bulk and coupling. This distance is particularly small relative to the inter-element distance generally observed in a conventional network (where it is typically of the order of half a wavelength at the working frequency). This small distance is necessary to obtain “super-directive” behavior. Indeed, the closer the elements of the network 12 are to each other, the more we tend towards a theoretical directivity of the antenna 10 of the order of N 2 , where N is the number of elements in the network 12. It However, it should be noted that the smaller the inter-element distance, the more the coupling between the elements is increased, which has a negative effect on the efficiency of the network 12. It is therefore necessary to achieve an acceptable compromise between directivity and efficiency.
  • the geometry of the antenna 10 was fixed, it was simulated, in a conventional manner, with electromagnetic simulation software to obtain the unit radiation patterns and the S parameters of the network 12 (from the English "Scattering parameters"). » these are the distribution coefficients to describe the electrical behavior of an antenna element as a function of input signals).
  • the radiation patterns and the S parameters were then processed by an algorithm to determine the complex weight to be applied to each parasitic element 30 to optimize the directivity of the antenna 10 in a given direction.
  • a “curve fitting” type approach was used, in which we seek to minimize the difference, in the least squares sense, between an ideal template and the diagram actually obtained by applying the weights. complex.
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna 10 obtained is a linear combination of the different unit patterns. This is the sum of the unit diagrams of the different antenna elements of network 12 weighted respectively by their complex weight.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents a radiation pattern at 869.5 MHz of the antenna 10 previously described with reference to the figures 1 and 2 when the phase shift circuit 34 of the director element 32 furthest from the radiator element 20 consists of a capacitor C 2 of value 15 pF, the phase shift circuit 34 of the director element 32 furthest close to the radiator element 20 consists of a capacitor C 3 of value 10 pF, and the phase shift circuit 34 of the reflector element 31 consists of a capacitor C 4 of value 8.2 pF.
  • the directivity of the antenna 10 is represented by curve 41.
  • the directivity in direction 13 takes a satisfactory value, greater than 8 dBi.
  • front/rear ratio is not optimal to the extent that a relatively large secondary lobe exists in the direction opposite to the direction 13 of the main lobe.
  • front/rear ratio we mean the ratio between the directivity in direction 13 towards the front of the antenna 10 and the directivity in the opposite direction towards the rear of the antenna 10.
  • a parametric study with electromagnetic simulation software showed that by taking a value of 8.2 pF for the capacitor C 3 of the phase shift circuit 34 of the director element 32 closest to the radiator element 20, it is possible to increase the front/rear ratio by around ten dB without significantly degrading the directivity of the antenna 10 (the latter going from 8.75 dBi to 8.25 dBi).
  • the front/rear ratio is greater than 20 dB.
  • the corresponding radiation pattern is shown in figure 8 .
  • the directivity of the antenna 10 is represented by curve 42 on this diagram.
  • the capacitors C 2 , C 3 and C 4 are surface-mounted ceramic capacitors (CMS type components for “Surface Mounted Component”, or SMD for “Surface Mounted Device” in English).
  • CMS surface-mounted ceramic capacitors
  • ground plane 22 is particularly advantageous for reducing the dimensions of the receiving device insofar as the electronic components making it possible to produce the various electronic modules of the device (amplification, filtering, analog/digital conversion, power supply, etc. .) can be embedded either directly on the ground plane 22, or on another printed circuit board positioned opposite the ground plane 22.
  • FIG. 9 schematically represents a layer of the ground plane 22 of the radiator element 20 of the antenna 10.
  • “holes”, that is to say zones 25 without copper are provided within the ground plane 22.
  • tracks 26 and pads 27 of copper electrical circuit are printed by screen printing, in a conventional manner, on the printed circuit board 11 on which the antenna 10 is produced.
  • the tracks 26 form a copper path providing the electrical interconnection between the electronic components which will be soldered at the level of the pads 27.
  • the largest dimension of a zone 25 without copper is negligible compared to the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna 10, for example the largest dimension of a zone 25 without copper does not exceed one tenth of the wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna 10.
  • Such arrangements make it possible to guarantee that the ground plane 22 correctly plays its role within the radiator element 20 even if part of the ground plane mass 22 is used to accommodate electronic components of the receiving device.
  • the ground plane 22 comprises two layers of copper (one layer on each face of the printed circuit board 11 on which the antenna 10 is made) connected by vias. Only one layer of the ground plane 22 is represented on the Figure 9 . Electronic components can be arranged on one of the two layers, or on the two layers of the ground plane 22. None prevents either, as indicated previously, that the ground plane 22 only comprises one layer.
  • electronic components of the receiving device can be arranged on a printed circuit board other than the printed circuit board 11 on which the antenna 10 is made.
  • the printed circuit board on which are arranged electronic components of the receiving device can advantageously be positioned facing the ground plane 22, at a short distance from the ground plane 22, for example only a few millimeters.
  • the ground plane 22 advantageously makes it possible to shield possible electromagnetic disturbances generated by the electronic components of the receiving device. Such electromagnetic disturbances would in fact be likely to disrupt the operation of the antenna 10.
  • the antenna 10 has very good performance both in terms of directivity, radiation efficiency and compactness.
  • the antenna according to the invention also has the possibility of integrating the electronic components of the receiving device either directly on the ground plane 22 of the antenna 10, or on a printed circuit board positioned facing and close to the ground plane 22 of the antenna 10. This helps to limit the dimensions of the receiving device, while avoiding disrupting the performance of the antenna.
  • the invention has been described by considering an antenna 10 for a receiving device whose objective is to locate connected objects emitting radio signals. However, following other examples, nothing excludes considering other applications.
  • the antenna 10 can be adapted to a transmitter device, or to a transceiver device.
  • the number, shape and dimensions of the parasitic elements 30 for an antenna 10 according to the invention can be considered for other choices.
  • the parasitic resonator antenna corresponding to the radiator element 20 can be produced in different ways.
  • the parasitic cell 23 can take different shapes, the ground plane 22 can have only one layer instead of two, etc. These different choices only represent variants of the invention.
  • the network 12 of elements of the antenna 10 has a length less than 200 mm and a width less than 100 mm (or even a length less than 165 mm and a width less than 50 mm) for a working frequency less than 1 GHz (notably, the working frequency is 869.5 MHz).
  • the antenna 10 has a maximum directivity value greater than 8 dBi and a radiation efficiency greater than 50%. In variants of the invention, another working frequency, and other dimensions of the antenna 10 are obviously possible. Different values of directivity and radiation efficiency could then be obtained.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Richtantenne (10), die ein Netzwerk (12) von Einzelantennenelementen beinhaltet, wobei das Netzwerk (12) ein aktives Antennenelement beinhaltet, "Radiatorelement (20)" genannt, das bestimmt ist, um elektrisch an eine Source oder einen Funkfrequenzempfänger angeschlossen zu werden, und mindestens ein passives Antennenelement, das durch gegenseitige Induktion gespeist wird, "Parasitärelement (30)" genannt, wobei das Radiatorelement (20) eine parasitäre Resonatorantenne ist, die einen Monopol (21) beinhaltet, eine Masseebene (22) und eine Parasitenzelle (23), die im Feld nahe beim Monopol (21) platziert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Radiatorelement (20) und das mindestens eine Parasitärelement (30) des Netzwerks (12) in derselben Ebene gebildet sind.
  2. Richtantenne (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Netzwerk (12) mindestens ein Parasitärelement (30) vom Typ Reflektor (31) beinhaltet und mindestens ein Parasitärelement (30) vom Typ Richter (32), wobei das mindestens eine Reflektorelement (31) und das mindestens eine Richterelement (32) mit dem Radiatorelement (20) auf beiden Seiten des Radiatorelements (20) ausgerichtet sind entlang einer Achse des Netzwerks (12), die einer Richtung (13) entspricht, in der die Verstärkung der Antenne (10) maximal ist.
  3. Richtantenne (10) nach Anspruch 2, drei Parasitärelemente (30) beinhaltend, darunter ein Reflektorelement (31) und zwei Richterelemente (32), wobei jedes Parasitärelement durch einen elektrischen Dipol gebildet ist, der mit Windungen gefaltet ist.
  4. Richtantenne (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Monopol (21) bestimmt ist, um elektrisch an die Source oder den Funkfrequenzempfänger angeschlossen zu werden, und die Parasitärzelle (23) des Radiatorelements (20) die Form einer offenen Schleife hat.
  5. Richtantenne (10) nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitsfrequenz der Antenne (10) niedriger als ein Gigahertz ist und das Netzwerk (12) der Elemente eine Länge von weniger als zwanzig Zentimetern und eine Breite von weniger als zehn Zentimetern aufweist.
  6. Richtantenne (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Masseebene (22) des Radiatorelements (20) elektrische Bahnen für eine elektronische Schaltung einer Vorrichtung zum Senden oder Empfangen beinhaltet, wobei die elektrischen Bahnen in die Masseebene (22) eingebrannt sind.
  7. Sende- oder Empfangsvorrichtung, die eine Richtantenne (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 beinhaltet.
  8. Sende- oder Empfangsvorrichtung, die eine Richtantenne (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 beinhaltet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine elektronische Schaltung der Vorrichtung gegenüber der Masseebene (22) des Radiatorelements (20) der Antenne (10) positioniert ist.
EP20710525.5A 2019-03-19 2020-03-16 Kompakte richtantenne, vorrichtung mit einer solchen antenne Active EP3942649B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1902798A FR3094142B1 (fr) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 antenne directive compacte, dispositif comportant une telle antenne
PCT/EP2020/057049 WO2020187821A1 (fr) 2019-03-19 2020-03-16 Antenne directive compacte, dispositif comportant une telle antenne

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EP3942649B1 true EP3942649B1 (de) 2023-09-27
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6839038B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2005-01-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dual-band directional/omnidirectional antenna
US20110063181A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-17 Michael Clyde Walker Passive repeater for wireless communications
WO2011154954A2 (en) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-15 Galtronics Corporation Ltd. Directive antenna with isolation feature
JP6221937B2 (ja) * 2014-05-21 2017-11-01 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ アンテナ装置
JP6891878B2 (ja) * 2016-04-15 2021-06-18 Ａｇｃ株式会社 アンテナ
US10116063B2 (en) * 2016-05-13 2018-10-30 Laird Technologies, Inc. Internally fed directional folded yagi antenna assemblies
JP6658889B2 (ja) * 2016-07-26 2020-03-04 株式会社村田製作所 アンテナ及び無線モジュール
WO2018198981A1 (ja) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-01 Ａｇｃ株式会社 アンテナ及びｍｉｍｏアンテナ
KR102573221B1 (ko) * 2018-10-25 2023-08-31 현대자동차주식회사 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 차량

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FR3094142A1 (fr) 2020-09-25
EP3942649A1 (de) 2022-01-26
ES2966228T3 (es) 2024-04-19
EP3942649C0 (de) 2023-09-27
WO2020187821A1 (fr) 2020-09-24
US20220336949A1 (en) 2022-10-20
FR3094142B1 (fr) 2022-04-01

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