EP1041173B1 - Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1041173B1
EP1041173B1 EP00105126A EP00105126A EP1041173B1 EP 1041173 B1 EP1041173 B1 EP 1041173B1 EP 00105126 A EP00105126 A EP 00105126A EP 00105126 A EP00105126 A EP 00105126A EP 1041173 B1 EP1041173 B1 EP 1041173B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser beam
powder
alloyed
aluminum
cylinder block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00105126A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1041173A1 (de
Inventor
Franz Josef Dr. Feikus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1041173A1 publication Critical patent/EP1041173A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1041173B1 publication Critical patent/EP1041173B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
    • C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a light metal cylinder block with at least a wear-resistant and tribologically optimized Cylinder tread, comprising a light metal matrix alloy and a carbide-containing powder material that is used as a finely dispersed, Primary silicon excretions contain surface layer is present on the light metal matrix.
  • EP 0 837 152 A1 (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG) is a method for coating an existing aluminum alloy Known component of an internal combustion engine. In doing so, a Laser beam directed so that it is not directly on the surface of the component to be coated, but previously on one Powder jet hits. Because of the energy of the laser beam Powder completely transferred from the solid to the liquid phase, so that when it hits the component surface in shape fine droplets are deposited on it as layer material, which partially solidify amorphously due to the solidification conditions.
  • silicon crystals should be used be produced in the order of 1 to 5 microns.
  • the substrate surface is therefore very hot and can therefore heat the impacting Si melt not dissipate quickly enough so that no crystalline Phase and no primary crystals but amorphous phases.
  • a applied layer thickness of 3 mm to achieve a smooth, flat surface of the layer material removed about 50% (Column 6, lines 10 to 15). This means a high loss of stock, to which is still an unused edge zone by a high Waviness of the droplet applied material as disadvantageous must be added.
  • EP 0 411 322 A1 describes a method for producing more wear-resistant Surfaces on components made of an AlSi alloy described, which is based on the aforementioned EP 0 221 276, however, the layer prior to laser melting a vaccine (Nucleating agent) added for primary silicon crystals becomes.
  • the following substances are used as inoculants or nucleating agents called: silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, Boron carbide and titanium boride.
  • the coating produced in the form of screen printing technology as a peel-off film applied the surface of the component in question.
  • the fat the layer can preferably be 200 ⁇ m and the melting depth 400 up to 600 ⁇ m. It becomes a line-focused laser beam used in an inert atmosphere to melt down with a melting depth of 400 ⁇ m.
  • the silicon content in the alloyed zone was 25% in the example a nickel content of 8% (hardness above 250 HV).
  • EP 0 622 476 A1 describes a metal substrate with a laser-induced one MMC coating known.
  • the MMC layer has one Layer thickness between 200 ⁇ m and 3 mm and contains homogeneous distributed SIC particles, preferably up to 40 percent by weight SiC as homogeneously distributed SIC particles in the MMC layer are included.
  • the powder mixture is included for production. SiC powder and pre-alloyed AlSi powder in one laser beam heated, the for the preparation of a homogeneous Alloy from the powder mixture required heat content the powder impinging on the substrate is brought about. Products with hard metal materials such as SiC have a very high Hardness that is unfavorable for the wear behavior of the piston rings are.
  • the processing is very complex because the top layer of the ceramic particles has to be removed, to achieve a functional, splinter-free tread.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to develop a light metal cylinder block with at least one wear-resistant tribologically loadable running surface, in which the surface layer consists of 5 to 20% finely dispersed primary silicon, which has a small edge zone width in the transition to the matrix alloy and which is free of defects in the transition zone and is oxide inclusions.
  • the process used to manufacture the light metal cylinder block should manage with fewer process steps, and chemical post-processing should be completely dispensed with.
  • a device for coating the interior of a Light metal engine block made of aluminum or a magnesium alloy described, with a probe in the cylinder of a Engine blocks are sunk and at the same time pure silicon powder can be supplied.
  • the probe has a powder feed and a laser beam device.
  • the purpose of this device is to alloy hard particles in the form of silicon over a spiral over the tread rotating laser beam with silicon particles fed in parallel respectively. So that the laser energy is spread over a wide range
  • the laser beam has a track on the matrix surface a linear focus with a track width of preferably 2 to 4 mm. Compared to one with point laser generated surface does not form a wavy at the focus Profile, but a flat band with finely dispersed primary silicon particles out.
  • the band is called the Alloy Zone, being just a narrow transition zone (the peripheral zone) between has alloyed zone and the matrix metal (see Figure 1).
  • the powder just before it hits the metal matrix alloy has a grain structure and only in contact with the metal matrix alloy in the area of the laser beam melted within a contact time of 0.1 to 0.5 sec and is alloyed, can be in the linear focus achieve a low edge zone share of approx. 10%.
  • the laser track is lowered spirally in the cylinder bore, if necessary an overlap can be dispensed with, so that the useful parts practically collide. Thus arises a smooth, completely homogeneous surface layer that only still by finishing to remove a slight Ripple must be finished.
  • an alloy zone containing primary silicon with an average layer thickness of 300 to 750 ⁇ m in the matrix alloy generated.
  • the exact values of the layer thickness depend of various influencing factors, such as process parameters, accuracy the device positioning and dimensional tolerance of the casting from. It is therefore in the following for all thicknesses of spoken of an "average" layer thickness, the tolerance range can be kept very close since the device on Component can be centered.
  • the initial layer thickness of 300 to 750 microns is then in one further processing step to the desired final layer thickness by fine machining with a removal of up to 150 ⁇ m, such as e.g. by honing etc.
  • the according to the invention The final layer thickness achieved in the process is in the range from 150 to 650 ⁇ m. It is a pure diffusion layer, that defined by a special one in claims 1 and 2 Structure is marked.
  • the feed of the laser beam and the supplied laser energy can be the excretion variables adjust the hard phases.
  • excrement sizes less than 10 ⁇ m reduces the depth of destruction in the mechanical finishing of the hard phases, so that the previously required processing allowances for the removal of the destroyed Hard phases can be significantly reduced. (The depth of destruction is contained in the top layer, hard phases not firmly integrated.)
  • the surface is created by alloying with the laser beam hardened, with hardness values of the surface layer of at least 160 HV can be reached. As a result of the good hardening, honing the laser surfaces directly. Additional required so far mechanical or chemical processing steps for exemption the hard phases are also no longer required. This is the previously required drilling of the cylinder coatings no longer required because of the surface ripple depending on the overlap of the striped alloy zone negligible because it is very low.
  • the coating device designed according to the invention from a powder feeder 1 at its end 1a has a nozzle 1b directed towards the tread 5.
  • the energy is supplied via a laser beam device 2, a focusing system 3 and a deflecting mirror 4, the ensures that the laser beam 6 only on the tread surface 7 hits with the powder.
  • the laser beam 6 linear, preferably focused as X, I or 8 and then for example by tilting the mirror on the tread surface 7 shown. Due to the shape of the illustration, the Energy input can be controlled so that the excretion structure can be influenced in its expression at the edges.
  • the laser beam 6 travels over the Tread surface 7, so that there is a strip-like band results. If at the same time a feed movement in the direction the cylinder axis 8 takes place, results from superimposition a spiral coating of the tread surface of the two movements 7.
  • the rotating and the translational Movement in the direction of the cylinder axis 8 should be one on the other be tuned so that the turns of the spiral are tight abut each other so that there is a closed alloy zone results.
  • FIG. 2 shows the alloy zone 10, which is produced according to the invention with a line focus, consisting of a zone 11 rich in excretion and two zones 12, 13 arranged on the side with little precipitation.
  • FIG. 2 shows the state of the alloying zone immediately after the laser coating, it being evident that the proportion of the low-precipitation zone L AL , based on the usable length L NL of the precipitation-rich zone, is relatively small.
  • the corresponding areas in FIG. 3 are designated L AK , which belong to the edge zones 15, 16, 17.
  • FIG. 3 three alloy zones produced with a conventional circular focus are shown as a comparative example, the coating width approximately matching in the method with line focus and in the method with circular focus. It can be seen that the usable length L NK of the structure rich in excretions in the method with circular focus is considerably less than the usable length in the line focus L NL . In addition, the usable depth of the hardened surface layer in the circular focus is considerably less than in the line focus, since in the circular focus a structure with little elimination extends into deeper zones of the cylinder block structure. This is illustrated in the cross section according to FIG. 3 by the wide edge zones 15, 16, 17.
  • the usable depth in the comparative example according to FIG. 3 is less than the same depth of penetration in the example according to the invention according to FIG. 2, the quality of the coating according to the comparative example is less favorable. Furthermore, the required removal ⁇ H WK in the comparative example with the same machining depth as in the inventive example is significantly higher ( ⁇ H WL ), since the circular focus creates a wavy surface layer which has a lower usable material proportion M K in the area of the tread than a corresponding tread section according to FIG. 2 ( L NL ).
  • the usable material fraction is L NL
  • M K is formed as the sum of the individual values L NK1 , L NK2 , L NK3 .
  • the light alloy cylinder block according to the invention therefore has a more wear-resistant cylinder running surface thanks to uniform Distribution of the fine primary Si precipitates optimized tribologically is and by linear focus and overlapping Coating can be produced with significantly reduced production costs is.
  • FIG. 4 It is illustrated using the microstructure in FIG. 4. It is a micrograph with a magnification of 200: 1, in the right part of the picture A a casting alloy of the type AlSi9Cu3 and in the left part B a tribologically optimized surface layer with finely dispersed primary silicon precipitates is recognizable.
  • the primary silicon content here Example 10%, the primary phase diameter 4.4 ⁇ m and the distance the Si primary phases 13 ⁇ m.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
EP00105126A 1999-04-01 2000-03-10 Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP1041173B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19915038A DE19915038A1 (de) 1999-04-01 1999-04-01 Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19915038 1999-04-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1041173A1 EP1041173A1 (de) 2000-10-04
EP1041173B1 true EP1041173B1 (de) 2004-05-26

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EP00105126A Expired - Lifetime EP1041173B1 (de) 1999-04-01 2000-03-10 Leichtmetallzylinderblock, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (3) US6390050B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP1041173B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP3467744B2 (pl)
KR (1) KR100388150B1 (pl)
AT (1) ATE267891T1 (pl)
AU (1) AU775660B2 (pl)
BR (1) BR0006013B1 (pl)
CA (1) CA2332944C (pl)
CZ (1) CZ294043B6 (pl)
DE (2) DE19915038A1 (pl)
ES (1) ES2222122T3 (pl)
HU (1) HU222858B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL193699B1 (pl)
RU (1) RU2212472C2 (pl)
WO (1) WO2000060136A1 (pl)
ZA (1) ZA200006437B (pl)

Cited By (1)

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CA2332944C (en) 2005-05-24
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JP3467744B2 (ja) 2003-11-17
ATE267891T1 (de) 2004-06-15
HU222858B1 (hu) 2003-12-29
DE19915038A1 (de) 2000-10-26
US6390050B2 (en) 2002-05-21
PL339334A1 (en) 2000-10-09
US20020033160A1 (en) 2002-03-21
KR100388150B1 (ko) 2003-06-19
EP1041173A1 (de) 2000-10-04
US6575130B2 (en) 2003-06-10
HU0001361D0 (en) 2000-06-28
CZ20001135A3 (cs) 2000-12-13
RU2212472C2 (ru) 2003-09-20
ES2222122T3 (es) 2005-02-01
AU3288200A (en) 2000-10-23
BR0006013B1 (pt) 2011-02-22
DE50006550D1 (de) 2004-07-01
US20020153359A1 (en) 2002-10-24
JP2002541322A (ja) 2002-12-03
CA2332944A1 (en) 2000-10-12
HUP0001361A3 (en) 2001-02-28
HUP0001361A2 (hu) 2000-12-28
US6797916B2 (en) 2004-09-28
PL193699B1 (pl) 2007-03-30
BR0006013A (pt) 2001-03-06
AU775660B2 (en) 2004-08-12
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US20010003227A1 (en) 2001-06-14
WO2000060136A1 (de) 2000-10-12

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