EP1028928A1 - Plateletverstärkter sinterformkörper - Google Patents

Plateletverstärkter sinterformkörper

Info

Publication number
EP1028928A1
EP1028928A1 EP98963407A EP98963407A EP1028928A1 EP 1028928 A1 EP1028928 A1 EP 1028928A1 EP 98963407 A EP98963407 A EP 98963407A EP 98963407 A EP98963407 A EP 98963407A EP 1028928 A1 EP1028928 A1 EP 1028928A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sintered
zirconium dioxide
oxides
oxide
vol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98963407A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Burger
Gundula Kiefer
Eduardo Bellido
Hans Andersch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceramtec GmbH
Original Assignee
Ceramtec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceramtec GmbH filed Critical Ceramtec GmbH
Publication of EP1028928A1 publication Critical patent/EP1028928A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
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    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sintered molded body made of a matrix material, which contains an aluminum oxide / chromium oxide mixed crystal and is platelet-reinforced “in situ”.
  • DE-A-36 08 854 specifies the use of an oxide ceramic material for pressing tools for molding components made of glass or glass-containing ceramic.
  • an oxide ceramic material for pressing tools for molding components made of glass or glass-containing ceramic.
  • cubic and tetragonal zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, spinel and an Al-Cr mixed oxide (AICr 2 0 3 ) which is not defined in terms of its quantitative composition are specified as matrix materials.
  • the individual proposals for the matrix components stand side by side on an equal footing, so that for the selection of a special matrix component as well as for the proportion of the quantity to be stored in the matrix, e.g. B. zirconia no teaching is taught.
  • stabilizing oxides such. B.
  • yttrium oxide in an amount of 3.5 to 12, preferably 8 to 10 or magnesium oxide (MgO) in an amount of 6.0 to 16, preferably 8 to 14 mol% and cerium oxide (Ce0 2 ) in an amount of 3.5 to 12 mol.%, preferably 8 to 10 mol.%, based on the oxide ceramic material.
  • a particle size for the particles embedded in a polycrystalline matrix is between 5 and 5000 nm, corresponding to 0.005 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • a further proposal for a so-called "conversion-reinforced" ceramic composition in which a finely divided solid solution of Zr0 2 -Hf0 2 in a solid solution of either chromium-containing aluminum oxide or chromium-containing mullite is given, is found in WO 85/01936 and is there for high-temperature applications, such as proposed for diesel engines and gas turbines, the chromium oxide content considered between 3 and 30 mol%, in particular a content of 20 mol% chromium oxide in the Interaction with a proportion of 10 to 20 mol% of hafnium dioxide should serve to improve the hardness and to set a low thermal conductivity.
  • EP-A-199 459 relates to ceramic compositions of high toughness and sees an interaction of zirconium dioxide, partly stabilized zirconium dioxide, solid solutions of zirconium dioxide / hafnium dioxide, solid solutions of partly stabilized zirconium dioxide / hafnium dioxide, partly stabilized hafnium dioxide and hafnium dioxide with mixtures of metal oxides, in particular y metal oxide, YNb0) or yttrium tantalum oxide (YTa0 4 ) before, the yttrium ion of the mixed oxides also in part by a cation of an SE metal, for.
  • La +3 , Ce +4 , Ce +3 , Pr +2 , Tm +3 are replaced.
  • the ceramic alloy described, for. B. ZrO 2 with the addition of YNbO in an amount of at least 5 vol .-% with z. B. -Aluminum oxide or Al 2 0 3 -Cr 2 O 3 , mullite or titanium carbide are mixed.
  • the disadvantage of this known composition can be seen in the fact that, as a result of the mixed oxides containing Nb or Ta, a further grain boundary phase arises in the ceramic products produced and a softening point which is not yet high enough for many areas of application is established.
  • US Pat. No. 4,770,673 describes a ceramic cutting tool which consists of 20 to 45% of a zirconium dioxide alloy containing 1 to 4 mol% of a mixed metal oxide and 55 to 80% by weight of a hard ceramic Composition consists, wherein the mixed metal oxides from the group YNb0 4 , YTa0 4 , MNb0 4 , MTa0 and mixtures thereof, and M consists of a cation which is provided for the substitution of the yttrium cation and Mg +2 , Ca +2 , Sc +3 and rare earth metal ions is selected, consisting of the group La +3 , Ce +4 , Ce +3 , Pr +3 , Nd +3 , Sm +3 , Eu +3 , Gd +3 , Tb +3 , Dy +3 , HO +3 , Er +3 , Tm +3 , Yb +3 and Lu +3 and their mixtures.
  • US Pat. No. 4,316,964 relates to a composition of 95-5% by volume of aluminum oxide and 5-95% by volume of zirconium dioxide, also considered for the production of cutting inserts, with the addition of approx. % Yttrium oxide, 0.5 to 10 mol% cerium oxide, 0.4 to 4 mol% erbium oxide and 0.5 to 5 mol% lanthanum oxide, based on zirconium dioxide.
  • a sintered shaped body also provided for use as a cutting plate according to EP-A-282 879 consists of a whisker-containing matrix, which also contains particles of e.g. B. contains silicon carbide, silicon nitride, sialon, aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide.
  • the whiskers can consist of the same materials as the particles.
  • zirconium dioxide is mentioned here as the matrix material.
  • the sintered molded body can also contain the usual sintering aids, such as. B. the oxides of magnesium, chromium or yttrium.
  • the oxides of lanthanum, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium are mentioned as preferred.
  • Fracture toughness values of more than 10 MParn 1 ' 2 are given.
  • a ceramic of very high toughness and wear resistance for use as Cutting tool is known from DE-A-35 29 265.
  • the material composition provides 0.1 to 2% by weight of a sintering aid which consists of the group: MgO, CaO, Si0 2 , ZrO 2 , NiO , Th 2 O 3l AIN, TiO, Ti0 2 , Cr 2 0 3 and / or at least one rare earth oxide is selected.
  • the following are mentioned as rare earth oxides: Y 2 0 3 , Dy 2 0 3 , Er 2 0 3 , Ho 2 0 3 , Gd 0 3 and / or Tb 0 7 .
  • the sintering aids serve to prevent grain growth in the aluminum oxide and form a compound with it which promotes the sintering process of the ceramic.
  • a sintered body containing 40 to 99 mol% partially stabilized zirconium dioxide and 1 to 60 mol% aluminum oxide is known, which as a sintering aid also contains small amounts of the oxides of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Contains Zn to accelerate the sintering process.
  • the oxides of yttrium, magnesium, calcium or cerium are proposed for setting a tetragonal phase proportion of 65% or more.
  • the amount of yttrium oxide to be added is 1.3 to 4 mol%, which can be replaced in whole or in part by the remaining stabilizing oxides in an amount of 0.01 to 12 mol%.
  • EP-A-236 507 specifies a zirconium dioxide with more than 65% tetragonal phase, which is contained in a high-density ceramic body consisting of 60 to 99 mol% of aluminum oxide.
  • a zirconium dioxide with more than 65% tetragonal phase, which is contained in a high-density ceramic body consisting of 60 to 99 mol% of aluminum oxide.
  • the zirconium oxide less than 3 mol% of Y 2 O 3 , less than 12 mol% of MgO or CaO and less than 14 mol% of CeO 2 , based on the ceramic composition.
  • the material also contains transition metal oxides of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, which as such or as hydroxides, nitrates, chlorides and the like. ⁇ .
  • the starting composition can be added.
  • a disadvantage of this known material is the hardness of max. Not yet sufficient for many areas of application, in particular for cutting tools for machining. 1,750 kg / mm
  • the amount of chromium oxide here is 5 to 25% by weight, preferably 16% by weight.
  • the porosity is in the range of approx. 14 to 15%, the addition of stabilizing oxides and the presence of the zirconium dioxide in a certain modification are not addressed.
  • WO 90/11980 relates to a ceramic in which platelet-shaped grains of strontium aluminate in a molar ratio of SrO / Al 2 0 3 between 0.02 and 0.2 in a matrix of Zr0 2 , Al 2 0 3 or predominantly one mixture of Zr0 2 consisting of Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 are embedded ("in situ" platelet reinforcement).
  • the hardness values achieved are relatively low even with higher proportions of aluminum oxide.
  • the object underlying the present invention was to improve the known materials and to provide sintered moldings which have a high level of strength and in which good fracture toughness is combined with high hardness.
  • the present invention provides a sintered molded body that meets and meets these requirements has a higher wear resistance due to its range of properties.
  • the sintered shaped body according to the invention is suitable as a cutting tool, in particular as a cutting plate, very particularly as a cutting plate for the machining of cast and steel materials.
  • the properties of the sintered shaped body according to the invention in particular also enable use as a cutting insert in an interrupted cut.
  • the sintered molding according to the invention can be used in other tribological applications.
  • x Cr x O ⁇ 7 - with the addition of alkaline earth oxides the corresponding alkaline earth AlI 12-x Cr x Oi 9 platelets are formed, with addition of CdO, PbO, HgO the corresponding (Cd, Pb or HgAI 12.
  • La 2 0 3 can also form the compound La 0.9 Al ⁇ 1 ⁇ 76 - ⁇ Cr x Oi 9 . Piatelets are formed even if the matrix does not contain Cr 2 0 3 .
  • the piatelets then formed correspond to the general formulas: AlkaliAlnO ⁇ 7 , ErdalkaliAI 12 0 19 , (Cd, Pb or HgAl ⁇ 2 0 19 ) or SeltenerdAl ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ 8 .
  • the solution according to the invention provides a shaped sintered body which has a very special composition as a component.
  • the invention provides that the matrix contains a mixed crystal of aluminum oxide / chromium oxide.
  • the invention provides that that which is embedded in the matrix Zirconium dioxide and the chromium oxide forming the mixed crystal together with the aluminum oxide are in a certain molar ratio to one another. This measure enables special hardness values to be achieved even with higher zirconium dioxide proportions, which may be necessary to obtain particularly good fracture toughness.
  • the zirconium dioxide content is low, relatively low chromium oxide contents can also be present, which counteracts embrittlement of the material.
  • One or more of the oxides of cerium, praseodymium and terbium and / or yttrium oxide can be used as stabilizing agents for the zirconium oxide.
  • the amount of stabilizing oxides added is chosen such that the zirconium dioxide is predominantly in the tetragonal modification and the proportion of cubic modification, based on zirconium dioxide, is 0 to 5% by volume.
  • the zirconium dioxide and chromium oxide containing the stabilizing oxides should be present in a certain molar ratio, results in certain ratios for the other components, since e.g. B. with a decreasing proportion of zirconium dioxide, the proportions of the stabilizing oxides, based on the sintered molded body, decrease, while on the other hand the proportion of aluminum oxide increases.
  • the chromium oxide is present in an amount by weight of 0.004 to 6.57% by weight, the chromium oxide and the zirconium dioxide containing the stabilizing oxides being in the stated molar ratio.
  • the matrix material contains an aluminum oxide / chromium oxide mixed crystal and a further mixed crystal according to one of the general formulas Me 1 Aln -x Cr x O ⁇ 7 , Me 2 AI 12 . x Cr x O ⁇ 9 , Me 2 ⁇ l ⁇ 2-x Cr x 0 19 or Me 3 AI 11-x Cr x 0 18 where Me 1 for an alkali metal, Me 2 for an alkaline earth metal, Me 2 ' for cadmium, lead or mercury and Me 3 stands for a rare earth metal.
  • Lao.gAln e-CrxOig can also be added to the matrix material as a mixed crystal.
  • x can assume values from 0.0007 to 0.045.
  • a sintered molded body with a matrix material is provided as an embodiment, which is characterized in that
  • a3) contain 0.8 to 32.9% by volume of a further mixed crystal which consists of at least one mixed crystal according to one of the general formulas
  • x Cr x O ⁇ 8 is selected, where Me 1 for an alkali metal, Me 2 for an alkaline earth metal, Me 2 ' for cadmium, lead or mercury and Me 3 for a rare earth metal and x corresponds to a value of 0.0007 to 0.045 and
  • the matrix material contains 2 to 40% by volume of stabilized zirconium dioxide.
  • the zirconium dioxide embedded in the mixed crystal matrix has a toughness-increasing effect, while the addition of chromium counteracts a decrease in hardness values with increasing zirconium dioxide content.
  • the mixed crystal of the above formulas additionally formed by the addition of the above-mentioned metal oxides has the effect that it gives the sintered shaped body a further improved toughness even at a higher temperature.
  • the wear resistance of these sintered moldings under the influence of elevated temperature is therefore also improved.
  • the wear resistance of the sintered shaped bodies can also be increased by the incorporation of 2 to 25 vol - be improved in these.
  • the proportion of these hard materials is preferably 6 to 15% by volume. Titanium nitride, titanium carbide and titanium carbonitride are particularly suitable.
  • the molar ratio of the zirconium dioxide to chromium oxide containing the stabilizing oxides is adjusted in dependence on the zirconium dioxide content present in the sintered molding so that small amounts of chromium oxide are also present in the case of low zirconium dioxide proportions. Setting the molar ratio of zirconium dioxide: chromium oxide in the range of
  • the setting of a grain size of the zirconium dioxide not exceeding 2 ⁇ m is recommended according to the invention.
  • small amounts of the monoclinic modification may also be present, but these should also be an amount of max.
  • the sintered shaped body according to the invention contains, in addition to the specified components, only inevitably entrained impurities which, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, do not amount to more than 0.5% by volume.
  • the sintered molded body consists only of the aluminum oxide-chromium oxide mixed crystal and one of the mixed crystals of the formulas Me 1 Al 11-x Cr x O 7 , Me 2 Al 12-x Cr x O 9 , Me 2 ⁇ l 12-x Cr x 0 19 or Me 3 Aln. x Cr x Oi 8 and from the zirconium dioxide containing the stabilizing oxides and embedded in the matrix from the aforementioned mixed crystals.
  • Other phases such as B.
  • grain boundary phases which are formed when aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide are used together, or other crystalline phases, such as those formed in the addition of substances known from the prior art, such as YNb0 4 or YTa0 4 , and which do not have a sufficiently high softening point not in this particularly preferred embodiment of the sintered molding according to the invention.
  • the oxides of Mn, Cu, Fe known from the prior art which likewise lead to the formation of further phases, bring about a lowered softening point and result in low edge strength. The use of these materials is therefore excluded in this particularly preferred embodiment.
  • the zirconium dioxide is preferably present in an amount of not more than 30% by volume but also not in an amount of less than 15% by volume. If there is between 15 and 30% by volume of zirconium dioxide, the molar ratio between the zirconium dioxide and chromium oxide containing the stabilizing oxides is very particularly preferably between 40: 1 and 25: 1.
  • the proportion of the zirconium dioxide present in a tetragonal modification is more than 95% by volume. It is very particularly preferred to maintain a grain size of the incorporated zirconium dioxide in the range from 0.2 to 1.5 ⁇ m. In contrast, a The average grain size of the aluminum oxide / chromium oxide mixed crystal in the range from 0.6 to 1.5 ⁇ m has proven to be particularly suitable. If carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides of the metals of the 4th and 5th subgroups of the PSE are also used, these are used in a grain size of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the grains of the mixed crystals of the formulas Me 1 AI 11-x Cr x O ⁇ 7 , Me 2 AI 12-x Cr x O ⁇ 9 , Me 2 ' AI 12 . x Cr x 0i 9 or Me 3 AlnCr x O ⁇ 8 have a length / thickness ratio in the range from 5: 1 to 15: 1. Their maximum length is 12 ⁇ m, their maximum thickness is 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the Vickers hardness of the sintered moldings according to the invention is greater than 1,750 [HV 0,5], but is preferably more than 1,800 [HV 0, 5].
  • the microstructure of the sintered shaped bodies according to the invention is free from microcracks and has a degree of porosity of not more than 1.0%.
  • the sintered molded body can also contain whiskers, but not made of silicon carbide.
  • the sintered shaped body preferably does not contain any of the substances frequently used as grain growth inhibitors, such as, for. B. magnesium oxide.
  • the inventively provided "in situ" -Plateletverstärkung also occurs when the matrix is not a Cr 2 0 3 contains. This is according to the invention provided when a drop in the hardness values does not interfere.
  • the without Cr 2 0 3 forming Piatelets then correspond to the general Formulas Me 1 Aln0 17 , Me 2 Al ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ 9 , Me 2 Al ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ 9 and Me 3 Al ⁇ 2 0 ⁇ 8.
  • the same preferred embodiments can also be provided with these sintered shaped bodies as with the sintered shaped bodies, the Cr 2 0 3 in the matrix material contained. in that regard, take the statements made for the sintered shaped body with Cr 2 0 3 in the matrix material earlier in analogous manner to the sintered bodies without Cr 2 0 3 in the matrix material to.
  • the stabilizer oxides dissolve in the Zr0 2 grid and stabilize it tetragonal modification.
  • Highly pure raw materials ie aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide with a purity of more than 99%, are preferably used to produce the sintered shaped bodies and to achieve a structure which is free of further undesirable phases.
  • the degree of contamination is preferably still significantly lower.
  • An exception to this regulation is the unavoidable presence of hafnium oxide in a small amount of up to 2% by weight within the zirconium dioxide.
  • the sintered molded body according to the invention is produced by pressure-free sintering or hot pressing of a mixture of aluminum oxide / zirconium dioxide / chromium oxide and stabilizing oxides or a mixture of these components, which additionally contains an alkali oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, CdO, PbO, HgO, a rare earth oxide or La 2 0 3 and / or one or more nitrides, carbides and carbonitrides of the 4th and 5th subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements (PSE) are added. Exemplary offsets are given in Table 1.
  • yttrium oxide and chromium oxide can also take place in the form of yttrium chromium oxide (YCr0 3 ), while the alkali, alkaline earth, cadmium, lead, mercury, rare earth oxides or the lanthanum oxide are preferably added in the form of their salts, in particular as carbonates can.
  • YCr0 3 yttrium chromium oxide
  • the alkali, alkaline earth, cadmium, lead, mercury, rare earth oxides or the lanthanum oxide are preferably added in the form of their salts, in particular as carbonates can.
  • temporary compounds that decompose and rearrange during sintering Various ceramic mixtures were made by mixed grinding. A temporary binder was added to the ground mixtures and the mixtures were then spray dried. Green bodies were pressed from the spray-dried mixtures and these were sintered under standard conditions.
  • the mixture with a solids content of more than 50% by volume is ground in an aqueous suspension.
  • the pH of the mixture is 4 -
  • pressure-less sintering includes both sintering under atmospheric conditions and under protective gas or in a vacuum.
  • the shaped body is preferably first sintered without pressure to 90 to 95% theoretical density and then post-compressed by hot isostatic pressing or gas pressure sintering. The theoretical density can thereby be increased to a value of more than 99.5%.
  • the dispersion and grinding can have a particular influence on the properties of the ceramic according to the invention.
  • the grinding process and the grinding unit itself can affect the result.
  • the solids content of the grinding suspension used can also contribute to the dispersion.
  • test V5 A 60% by weight slip was used for experiments V1-V4.
  • the solids content was reduced to 55% by weight.
  • a vibratory mill was used to carry out test V1.
  • Tests V2 and V3 were carried out on a laboratory attritor mill; V2 was milled for 1 h, the milling time for V3 was 2 h. In experiment V4, an amount of 30 kg was treated in a continuous attritor mill.
  • Test V5 was carried out in the laboratory attritor with a milling time of 2 hours.
  • the sintered moldings according to the invention are preferably used in their use as cutting tools for cutting paper, textile goods and films, but the use as is particularly preferred Cutting plate for machining cast iron or steel materials, especially in interrupted cuts. This is to be understood to mean that many small, smooth cuts are carried out in succession on the workpiece, the cutting plate being strongly heated during the engagement with the workpiece to be machined and briefly cooling before the next intervention, so that the cutting insert is subjected to alternating thermal loads.
  • a particularly preferred area of application is the use of the sintered shaped bodies according to the invention as artificial prostheses in medical technology.
EP98963407A 1997-10-31 1998-11-02 Plateletverstärkter sinterformkörper Ceased EP1028928A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19748232 1997-10-31
DE19748232 1997-10-31
PCT/EP1998/006914 WO1999023048A1 (de) 1997-10-31 1998-11-02 Plateletverstärkter sinterformkörper

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