Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
  • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
  • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
  • G05G1/305—Compound pedal co-operating with two or more controlled members
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
  • A61B50/10—Furniture specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B50/13—Trolleys, e.g. carts
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  • A61B50/10—Furniture specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
  • A61B50/15—Mayo stands; Tables
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
  • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
  • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
  • A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
  • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
  • A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
  • A61F9/00745—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
  • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
  • A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
  • A61F9/00763—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments with rotating or reciprocating cutting elements, e.g. concentric cutting needles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
  • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
  • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
  • G08C19/28—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
  • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
  • G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to underload or no-load
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
  • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
  • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
  • A61B2017/00026—Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue
  • A61B2017/0003—Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue of parts of the instruments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
  • A61B2017/00057—Light
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B2017/00181—Means for setting or varying the pulse energy
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  • A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
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  • A61B2017/0019—Means for setting or varying the pulse width
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B2017/00199—Electrical control of surgical instruments with a console, e.g. a control panel with a display
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B2017/0042—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping
  • A61B2017/00429—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping with a roughened portion
  • A61B2017/00433—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping with a roughened portion knurled
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
  • A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
  • A61B2017/00544—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated pneumatically
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
  • A61B2017/00973—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
  • A61B2017/00973—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated
  • A61B2017/00977—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated the depression depth determining the power rate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
  • A61B50/10—Furniture specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
  • A61B50/15—Mayo stands; Tables
  • A61B2050/155—Mayo stands
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
  • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
  • A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
  • A61B2090/3614—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras using optical fibre
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
  • A61G12/00—Accommodation for nursing, e.g. in hospitals, not covered by groups A61G1/00 - A61G11/00, e.g. trolleys for transport of medicaments or food; Prescription lists
  • A61G12/001—Trolleys for transport of medicaments, food, linen, nursing supplies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
  • A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
  • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
  • A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
  • A61M2205/505—Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
  • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
  • A61M2205/6063—Optical identification systems
  • A61M2205/6081—Colour codes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
  • H01H2003/008—Mechanisms for operating contacts with a haptic or a tactile feedback controlled by electrical means, e.g. a motor or magnetofriction
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
  • H01H2300/04—Programmable interface between a set of switches and a set of functions, e.g. for reconfiguration of a control panel

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to microsurgical and ophthalmic systems and, particularly, to an endo-illuminator system for such ophthalmic systems for illuminating a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• Present day ophthalmic microsurgical systems provide one or more surgical instruments connected to a control console.
• the instruments are often electrically or pneumatically operated and the control console provides electrical or fluid pressure control signals for operating the instruments.
• the control console usually includes several different types of human actuable controllers for generating the control signals supplied to the surgical instruments. Often, the surgeon uses a foot pedal controller to remotely control the surgical instruments.
• Various ophthalmological procedures require posterior portions of a patient's eye (i.e., behind the iris) to be illuminated.
• an incision is made in the sclera (i.e., the white of the eye) and a small endo-illuminator is inserted through the incision into the vitreous body of the eye.
• the endo-illuminator comprises a single fiberoptic filament having a connector at one end for connection to a high intensity light source. The other end of the filament is supported by a handpiece which is used to insert the filament into the vitreous body.
• the light source is energized, light is transmitted through the filament and projected through the vitreous body onto the ocular feature of interest.
• endo-illuminator connectors may be made of metal so they can withstand heat.
• some light sources have filters for removing heat.
• filters reduce the intensity of the light emitted, which reduces the effectiveness of the system.
• Incandescent lamps are frequently used in light sources.
• 150 watt bulbs are typically used in incandescent light sources.
• the illuminance and color temperature of light emitted by incandescent lamps are so low that the interior features of the eye may not be optimally illuminated.
• the power input to the lamp and the lamp size may be increased to increase the illuminance, doing so increases the power consumption and heat output of the lamp and shortens its life.
• xenon arc lamps have been used in some light sources. Unlike incandescent lamps which are susceptible to unpredictable catastrophic failure, arc lamps generally fail only during ignition thereby permitting failed lamps to be replaced prior to surgery. However, xenon arc lamps have very high illuminance and color temperatures which can damage the eye if the light is not sufficiently filtered. Yet, filtering is inefficient and is particularly undesirable with xenon lamps as they consume relatively high power (175-300 watt lamps are generally used) . Further, xenon arc lamps produce significant amounts of heat which can melt the endo-illuminators if they are not shielded or otherwise adapted to endure the temperatures.
• moveable screens are generally employed to vary the intensity of the light emitted. These screens have different size openings and/or different opening spacings in different areas which can be selectively aligned with the light to vary the intensity.
• the screens also provide the advantages of a heat filter, but change the angular distribution of light entering the endo-illuminator. As a result, different intensity light beams have different characteristics .
• an endo-illuminator system for illuminating a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery; the provision of such a system which produces light having a high color temperature; the provision of such a system which is capable of use with fiberoptic endo-illuminators having plastic connectors; and the provision of such a system having a heat shield for conducting heat away from the fiberoptic endo-illuminator.
• an endo-illuminator system embodying aspects of the invention illuminates a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• the system comprises a fiberoptic endo-illuminator having opposite first and second ends.
• the endo-illuminator is adapted to transmit light entering the first end to the second end.
• the second end is sized for insertion into the patient's eye so that light transmitted to the second end from the first end is projected onto the posterior portion of the patient's eye.
• the system also comprises a metal halide arc discharge lamp for producing a focused beam of light and a mount for holding the first end of the fiberoptic endo-illuminator relative to the lamp so that the first end is positioned within the focused light beam produced by the lamp.
• the mount also holds the first end of the endo-illuminator and is aligned so light produced by the lamp enters the first end and is transmitted to the second end.
• the invention is an endo- illuminator light source for use in combination with a fiberoptic endo-illuminator to illuminate a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• the light source comprises a metal halide arc discharge lamp for producing a focused beam of light having a color temperature in a range of between 5000° and 6000° K and a mount for holding a first end of a fiberoptic endo-illuminator in the focused light beam produced by the lamp so that the endo- illuminator transmits light to a second end of the endo- illuminator opposite the first end.
• the present invention is an endo-illuminator light source for use in combination with a fiberoptic endo-illuminator to illuminate a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• the light source comprises an arc discharge lamp for producing a focused beam of light and a cooling fan for producing a stream of air.
• the fan is positioned so that the air stream is directed toward the lamp in a transverse direction relative to the beam of light produced by the lamp thereby cooling the lamp by convective heat transfer.
• the light source also comprises a mount for holding a first end of a fiberoptic endo-illuminator within the focused beam of light produced by the lamp so that the endo-illuminator delivers light to a second end of the endo-illuminator opposite the first end.
• the mount is configured to hold the fiberoptic endo-illuminator so that the first end extends into the stream of air produced by the cooling fan thereby cooling the endo-illuminator first end by convective heat transfer.
• the invention is an endo- illuminator light source for use in combination with a fiberoptic endo-illuminator to illuminate a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• the light source comprises a lamp for producing a focused beam of light and a one-piece mount having a lamp holder shaped to hold the lamp in a fixed position within the mount and an endo-illuminator holder for holding a first end of a fiberoptic endo-illuminator in a fixed position relative to the lamp.
• the first end of the endo-illuminator is positioned within the focused beam of light produced by the lamp so that the endo-illuminator delivers light to a second end of the endo-illuminator opposite the first end.
• the mount has a passage for permitting air to pass through the mount to cool the lamp and the endo-illuminator first end by convective heat transfer.
• the invention is an endo- illuminator light source for use in combination with a fiberoptic endo-illuminator to illuminate a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery.
• the light source comprises an arc discharge lamp for producing a focused beam of light and a mount for holding a connector at a first end of a fiberoptic endo-illuminator to position the first end within the focused beam of light so that the endo- illuminator delivers light to a second end of the endo- illuminator opposite the first end.
• the light source also comprises a stationary heat shield positioned between the lamp and the first end of the fiberoptic endo-illuminator to shield the endo-illuminator connector from heat and conduct heat away from the endo-illuminator to a heat sink spaced from the endo-illuminator connector.
• the heat shield has an aperture sized to permit light to enter the first end of the fiberoptic endo-illuminator.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a microsurgical control system for use with ophthalmic microsurgical instruments and having a plurality of control modules utilizing a variety of surgical instruments or handpieces in accordance with the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a perspective of an endo-illuminator system of the present invention
• Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation of an endo- illuminator light source of the system of Fig. 2;
• Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the light source
• Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the light source;
• Fig. 6 is a fragmentary bottom plan of the light source ;
• Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view in partial section taken in the plane of line 7-7 of Fig. 3 ;
• Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 showing a second embodiment having a heat shield
• Fig. 9 is a perspective of the heat shield shown in Fig. 8.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a microsurgical control system, generally designated 1, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the system 1 includes a computer unit 3 having a flat panel display 5, a base unit 7 housing a plurality of modules 13, and peripherals such as a foot control assembly 15 and a motorized intravenous (IV) pole assembly 17 (each of which is generally indicated by its respective reference numeral) .
• Each of the modules 13 housed in the base unit 7 controls at least one ophthalmic microsurgical instrument 19 for use by a surgeon in performing various ophthalmic surgical procedures.
• ophthalmic microsurgery involves the use of a number of different instruments 19 for performing different functions.
• an instrumentation cart supports system 1.
• the cart 21 includes a surgical, or Mayo, tray 25, the automated IV pole assembly 17, a storage compartment 27 for stowing the foot control assembly 15, disposable packs and other items, an opening 33 to house an expansion base unit (not shown in
• Fig. 1 Base unit 7 and computer unit 3 preferably sit on top of instrumentation cart 21 as shown in Fig. 1 and the Mayo tray 25 is mounted on an articulating arm (not shown) preferably attached to the top of instrumentation cart 21, directly beneath base unit 7.
• Instrumentation cart 21 also holds a remote control transmitter, generally indicated 39, for use in remotely controlling system 1.
• the modules 13 in base unit 7 house control circuits for the various microsurgical instruments 19 so that the system' s user is able to configure system 1 for optimizing its use by the surgeon.
• Modules 13 include connections or ports by which one or more microsurgical instruments 19 connect to each module 13 and house the necessary control circuitry for controlling operation of the particular instrument or instruments 19 connected thereto.
• the user by inserting the desired modules 13 in base unit 7, configures system 1 to meet a particular surgeon's preference, to control each of the instruments 19 needed for a particular surgical procedure, or to otherwise optimize system 1 for use by the surgeon.
• an endo-illuminator system is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 1000.
• the endo-illuminator system 1000 includes a fiberoptic endo- illuminator (generally indicated at 1002) and a light source (generally indicated at 1004) .
• the light source 1004 of the preferred embodiment is a modular unit which plugs into a larger housing with other surgical instrument control modules.
• the endo-illuminator 1002 is one of the instruments 19 for use with the microsurgical system 1.
• the endo-illuminator 1002 is a conventional instrument used to illuminate a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery. Although other endo- illuminators are envisioned as being within the scope of the present invention, the endo-illuminator of the preferred embodiment is an MVS1011 endo-illuminator sold by Storz Ophthalmics Inc. of St. Louis, Missouri.
• the endo- illuminator 1002 includes a single fiberoptic filament 1010 which is approximately 0.030 inches in diameter and about six feet long. A plastic sheath surrounds the filament to protect it and inhibit light transmission through the side of the filament.
• a conventional American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI) connector 1012 is attached to the filament 1010 at a first end.
• ACMI American College of Medical Informatics
• the connector 1012 is plastic to keep material cost low since the endo- illuminator 1002 is intended to be disposed after a single use.
• a handpiece 1014 is attached to the filament 1010 at a second end opposite the first end, and a stainless steel tube 1016 extends outward from the handpiece to support the filament adjacent its second end.
• the tube 1016 is sized so it may be inserted into an incision made in a patient's eye.
• the tube 1016 of the preferred embodiment has a twenty-gauge diameter and is about 1.5 inches long.
• the endo- illuminator 1002 of the preferred embodiment consists of a single fiberoptic filament, fiberoptic bundles comprising a plurality of filaments are also envisioned as being within the scope of this invention.
• the light source 1004 is enclosed in a housing 1020 having side access panels 1022, 1024 and a molded front cover 1026 having two endo- illuminator connection ports 1028 (Fig. 7) .
• the light source also comprises two mounts 1030, two metal halide arc lamps 1032, two starter ballasts 1034, one control board 1036 and one cooling fan 1038.
• the light source 1004 of the preferred embodiment has two mounts 1030, lamps 1032 and ballasts 1034 so a single endo-illuminator 1002 may be switched from one connection port 1028 to the other in the unlikely event either lamp or ballast fails.
• this configuration permits two endo- illuminators 1002 to be used at the same time.
• Electrical connectors 1040 connect each of the lamps 1032 to a pair of leads 1042 which extend to one of the starter ballasts 1034.
• Each of the leads 1042 is threaded through a bead 1044 to cancel electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by current travelling through the lead. Due to the proximity of the leads 1042 to various electronic components within the light source housing 1020 and beyond, elimination of EMI is necessary to ensure proper operation of the components.
• EMI electromagnetic interference
• Each starter ballast 1034 delivers a voltage spike to a respective lamp 1032 to initiate the arc during start-up.
• each of the starter ballasts 1034 of the preferred embodiment is a Model B21N001, non- regulated ballast made by Welch Allyn, Inc. and is specifically intended for use in combination with the lamps 1032 of the preferred embodiment.
• Each ballast 1034 delivers 21 watts of power at sixty volts when energized by a fifteen-volt input. At start-up, the ballast 1034 produces a 3000-4000 volt spike within one second after being energized to initiate the arc in a respective lamp 1032.
• Additional leads 1046 connect each of the starter ballasts 1034 to the control board 1036. These leads 1046 are also threaded through beads 1048 to cancel EMI.
• the control board 1036 controls the lamps 1032 and other components of the light source 1004 and communicates with various external modules (not shown) .
• the control board 1036 may include means for reducing the intensity of the light beam in response a signal from the computer unit 3 by varying the voltage delivered to the ballasts 1034.
• the voltage input to the ballasts 1034 is varied, the voltage output from the ballasts, and therefore, the voltage delivered to the lamps is varied.
• the lamps 1032 were initially designed to deliver constant illuminance light, it has been found that the intensity of light emitted from the lamps 1032 varies with voltage input.
• a decrease in voltage input to about 75 percent of the design voltage decreases the light output from the lamps by approximately 50 percent without causing a significant color shift (a shift greater than 600°K) in the light output.
• the variable voltage method used in the light source of the preferred embodiment does not change the angular distribution of the emitted light.
• the control board 1036 of the preferred embodiment includes a digital to analog converter which is adapted to provide five discrete power levels, level 5 (100%) , level 4 (75%), level 3 (50%), level 2 (38%) and level 1 (25%), output illumination levels.
• the control board 1036 includes an 18-pin electrical connector 1052 which protrudes through an opening 1054 (Fig. 5) in the rear of the housing 1020 for connecting the light source 1004 to a backplane (not shown) having a power bus for supplying power from an external regulated power source (not shown) and a data communications bus for communicating with the other system modules.
• a backplane not shown
• the control 1036 and ballasts 1034 constitute a power supply for producing electrical current to energize the lamps 1032.
• the rearward access panel 1022 includes a wall portion 1056 which extends into the housing midway between its forward and rearward ends and segregates the housing into forward and rearward compartments.
• the forward access panel 1024 can be removed to replace failed lamps.
• two shutters 1060 are pivotably attached to the front cover 1026 by fasteners 1062 so that they cover the connection ports 1028. Thus, light only passes through the connection ports 1028 when the connectors 1012 are plugged into them.
• the shutters 1060 may be pivoted about the fasteners 1062 to expose the connection ports 1028 (Fig. 7) for inserting the connector 1012 as shown in Fig. 2.
• a light emitting diode 1064 is also positioned on the front cover 1026.
• a lead 1066 (Fig. 3) connects the diode 1064 to the control board 1036.
• the control board 1036 powers the diode 1064 to indicate when the light source 1004 is energized.
• an exhaust port 1074 is provided in the rear wall of the housing 1020 adjacent the fan 1038 and above the 18-pin electrical connector 1052.
• two parallel slots 1076 are formed in the bottom of the housing 1020 for mounting the light source 1004 on rails (not shown) within a housing or rack (not shown) of the aforementioned base unit 7 (Fig. 1) .
• a recess 1078 is formed near the bottom of the front cover 1026 so the light source 1004 may be gripped to slide it into and out of the rack.
• An opening 1080 in the housing 1020 allows air to be drawn into the housing by the fan 1038 for cooling the lamps 1032 and other system components.
• the wall portion 1056 (Fig. 3) of the rearward access panel 1022 directs the air upward past the mounts 1030 and lamps 1032 before allowing it to turn toward the fan 1038 at the top of the wall.
• each lamp 1032 includes an elliptical reflector 1090 for focussing the light toward a focal point F.
• the focal "point" of the lamps 1032 of the preferred embodiment is a sphere having a diameter of approximately 0.040 inches.
• a tight tolerance collar 1092 holds the rim of the reflector 1090 in a fixed position to ensure that the reflector is precisely aimed toward the desired focal point F.
• a tube 1094 positioned inside the reflector contains two electrodes 1096a, 1096b in an atmosphere comprising mercury vapor and a metal halide. Pin connectors 1098 are connected to the electrodes for supplying the lamp 1032 with electricity from a respective ballast 1034.
• each of the lamps 1032 of the preferred embodiment is a Model M21E001, Hi-LuxTM metal halide arc discharge lamp.
• Hi -Lux is a trademark of Welch Allyn, Inc. of Skaneateles Falls, New York.
• the lamps 1032 of the preferred embodiment operate at approximately 21 watts while producing a beam of light nearly as bright as xenon lights and brighter than incandescent lights.
• the mount 1030 is fastened to the front cover 1026 of the housing 1020 by screws 1100.
• a cover plate 1102 is positioned over the heads of the screws 1100 and is held in place by a fastener (not shown) .
• the mount 1030 extends rearward from the front cover 1026 at an angle of approximately 15° from perpendicular. This causes the endo-illuminator connector 1012 to be angled with respect to the lamp reflector so that the reflector axis A x is angled with respect to the endo-illuminator 1002 axis A 2 .
• the shadow at the center of the reflected light beam is offset from the axis of the endo-illuminator.
• the intensity of light emitted from any radius of a fiberoptic filament is the average of the intensities of light rays entering the filament at that radius. Because the shadow enters the filament at an angle, it is averaged with normal intensity light entering the filament at the same radius. Thus, the shadow is blended and virtually made unnoticeable by angling the endo-illuminator with respect to the reflector.
• the mount 1030 is a generally cylindrical member, preferably formed (e.g., machined) from a single block of suitable material, such as aluminum, to have a flat forward face which is inclined relative to the central axis of the cylinder at the aforementioned 15° angle.
• a bore is formed in the rearward end of the mount to provide a cylindric outer shell 1108 with an enlarged inner diameter 1110 and an annular shoulder 1112 defining a lamp holder.
• the collar 1092 of the lamp seats within the inner diameter 1110 and against the shoulder 1112 to hold the lamp in a fixed position in the mount 1030.
• a pin extends radially outward from the lamp collar 1092 and engages an axial slot (not shown) in the lamp holder to align the lamp 1032 in the inner diameter 1110.
• a spring clip 1114 engages circumferential slots 1116 in the lamp holder to retain the lamp 1032 in place within the holder.
• a filter holder is positioned within the outer shell of the mount 1030.
• the filter holder 1120 also comprises a cylinder having an annular shoulder 1122 formed in its inner diameter.
• a groove 1124 formed in the inner diameter rearward of the shoulder 1122 receives an 0-ring 1126 to hold a filter 1128 against the shoulder.
• the filter 1128 reduces ultra-violet and infrared radiation emitted by the system to ensure that most of the light transmitted to the patient has a spectral content between 500 and 750 nm.
• a hole 1130 sized to hold the endo-illuminator connector 1012 extends through the front part of the mount 1030, and a resilient ball spring 1132 is positioned in a groove surrounding the hole.
• the spring 1132 is receivable in a notch 1134 in the endo-illuminator connector 1012 for releasably holding the connector in the hole.
• the hole 1130 and ball spring 1132 form an endo-illuminator holder for holding the end of the endo-illuminator in a fixed position with the end of the filament 1010 positioned at the focal point F of the lamp 1032. Because the mount 1030 is formed as one part, close tolerances may be maintained between the endo-illuminator holder and the lamp holder. Thus, the position of the endo-illuminator connector is tightly controlled relative to the lamp, and the light output from the endo-illuminator is highly predictable .
• a first pair of racetrack-shaped openings 1140 are provided in the top and bottom of the outer shell 1108 of the lamp holder, and a second pair of racetrack-shaped openings 1142 are provided in the top and bottom of the annular wall forming the filter holder 1120 to permit air to pass through the mount to cool the lamp 1032, connector 1012 and endo-illuminator filament 1010.
• the openings 1140, 1142 form part of a cooling passage extending though the housing 1020 from the opening 1080 in the bottom of the housing to the exhaust port 1074 at the rear of the housing. Air is drawn through the housing 1020 by the cooling fan 1038 mounted adjacent the rearward end of the passage.
• the air passes through the mount 1030 from the lower opening 1140 to the upper opening 1140 in a transverse direction relative to the beam of light to cool the lamp 1032 by convective heat transfer.
• the air flow through the openings 1140 is sufficiently high to cool the tip of the lamp tube 1094 during operation.
• a portion of the air also travels through openings 1142 into the filter holder 1120 where it also cools the end of the endo-illuminator 1002 by convective heat transfer.
• the endo-illuminator 1002 is sufficiently cooled that the connector 1012 may be made of plastic thereby reducing the endo-illuminator cost.
• FIG. 8 The assembly shown in Fig. 8 is identical to that of Fig. 7 except a heat shield 1150 is included between the lamp 1032 and endo-illuminator connector 1012 for shielding the connector from heat and conducting heat away from the endo-illuminator.
• the heat shield 1150 extends through one of the openings 1142 and is secured (e.g., brazed) to the rearward face of the mount 1030 which acts as a heat sink for absorbing thermal energy from the shield 1150.
• An aperture 1152 (Fig.
• the heat shield 1150 is made of a beryllium-copper alloy sheet material having a thickness of approximately 0.010 inches. The shield 1150 is spaced from the end of the connector 1012 by approximately 0.010-0.015 inches so the connector is thermally insulated.
• the light source 1004 is installed in a housing of the base unit 7 (Fig. 1) so the electrical connector 1052 engages a backplane having power and data communications buses.
• An endo-illuminator connector 1012 is installed in one or both of the connection ports 1028.
• the control board 1036 starts the cooling fan 1038 and delivers about fifteen volts to the starter ballasts 1034. Within about one second, the ballasts deliver a 3000-4000 volt spike to the lamps 1032 to initiate the arc. After the lamps are warm, the user may select a 50%, 75%, or 100% illuminance level.
• the control board 1036 varies the voltage delivered to the ballasts 1034 as previously discussed in a range of between about ten and fifteen volts to vary the illuminance of the light emitted by the lamps. Regardless of the intensity of light emitted, the lamps 1032 focus the light onto the connector end of the endo-illuminator filament 1010. The light is transmitted through the filament 1010 and projected out the tube end of the endo- illuminator 1002 to illuminate the ocular feature at which the endo-illuminator is aimed.
• the endo-illuminator system 1000 of the present invention delivers a high illuminance light which is sufficiently bright for illuminating a posterior portion of a patient's eye during ophthalmic surgery. Further, the system 1000 is highly efficient and uses very little power. In addition, the system 1000 produces light having a high color temperature and is capable of use with fiberoptic endo- illuminators having plastic connectors. In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

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