EP1006894A4 - Numerische tastatur die auf einem berührungsempfindlichen schirm simuliert wird - Google Patents

Numerische tastatur die auf einem berührungsempfindlichen schirm simuliert wird

Info

Publication number
EP1006894A4
EP1006894A4 EP97941377A EP97941377A EP1006894A4 EP 1006894 A4 EP1006894 A4 EP 1006894A4 EP 97941377 A EP97941377 A EP 97941377A EP 97941377 A EP97941377 A EP 97941377A EP 1006894 A4 EP1006894 A4 EP 1006894A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
user
operating parameters
circuit
user interface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97941377A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1006894A1 (de
Inventor
Bruce Robert Cochran
Christopher Michael Eberhardt
John A Painter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bausch and Lomb Surgical Inc
Original Assignee
Bausch and Lomb Surgical Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bausch and Lomb Surgical Inc filed Critical Bausch and Lomb Surgical Inc
Priority to EP07123035A priority Critical patent/EP1925274A3/de
Publication of EP1006894A1 publication Critical patent/EP1006894A1/de
Publication of EP1006894A4 publication Critical patent/EP1006894A4/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/30—Controlling members actuated by foot
    • G05G1/305—Compound pedal co-operating with two or more controlled members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
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    • A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
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    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/16—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses
    • G08C19/28—Electric signal transmission systems in which transmission is by pulses using pulse code
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to underload or no-load
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    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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    • A61B2017/00026—Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue
    • A61B2017/0003—Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue of parts of the instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
    • A61B2017/00181—Means for setting or varying the pulse energy
    • A61B2017/00185—Means for setting or varying the pulse height
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
    • A61B2017/00181—Means for setting or varying the pulse energy
    • A61B2017/0019—Means for setting or varying the pulse width
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/00199—Electrical control of surgical instruments with a console, e.g. a control panel with a display
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    • A61B2017/00221—Electrical control of surgical instruments with wireless transmission of data, e.g. by infrared radiation or radiowaves
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    • A61B2017/0042—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping
    • A61B2017/00429—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping with a roughened portion
    • A61B2017/00433—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with special provisions for gripping with a roughened portion knurled
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    • A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • A61B2017/00544—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated pneumatically
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    • A61B2017/00977—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated the depression depth determining the power rate
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Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to microsurgical and ophthalmic systems and, particularly, to a control system for operating microsurgical instruments.
  • Present day ophthalmic microsurgical systems provide one or more surgical instruments connected to a control console.
  • the instruments are often electrically or pneumatically operated and the control console provides electrical or fluid pressure control signals for operating the instruments.
  • the control console usually includes several different types of human actuable controllers for generating the control signals supplied to the surgical instruments. Often, the surgeon uses a foot pedal controller to remotely control the surgical instruments.
  • the conventional console has push-button switches and adjustable knobs for setting the desired operating characteristics of the system.
  • the conventional control system usually serves several different functions.
  • the typical ophthalmic microsurgical system has anterior and/or posterior segment capabilities and may include a variety of functions, such as irrigation/aspiration, vitrectomy, microscissor cutting, fiber optic illumination, and fragmentation/emulsification.
  • conventional microsurgical systems and ophthalmic systems have helped to make microsurgery and ophthalmic surgery possible, these systems are not without drawbacks.
  • Microsurgical and ophthalmic systems are relatively costly and are often purchased by hospitals and clinics for sharing among many surgeons with different specialties. In eye surgery, for example, some surgeons may specialize in anterior segment procedures, while other surgeons may specialize in posterior segment procedures.
  • the systems shown in these patents improve upon the prior art by providing a programmable and universal microsurgical control system, which can be readily programmed to perform a variety of different surgical procedures and which may be programmed to provide the response characteristics which any given surgeon may require.
  • the control system is preprogrammed to perform a variety of different functions to provide a variety of different procedures. These preprogrammed functions can be selected by pressing front panel buttons.
  • these patents disclose providing each surgeon with a programming key, which includes a digital memory circuit loaded with particular response characteristic parameters and particular surgical procedure parameters selected by that surgeon. By inserting the key into the system console jack, the system is automatically set up to respond in a familiar way to each surgeon.
  • console push buttons and potentiometer knobs are programmable. Their functions and response characteristics can be changed to suit the surgeons' needs.
  • An electronic display screen on the console displays the current function of each programmable button and knob as well as other pertinent information.
  • the display screen is self-illuminating so that it can be read easily in darkened operating rooms.
  • a system embodying aspects of the invention controls a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a data communications bus and a user interface connected to the data communications bus.
  • the user interface provides information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments.
  • the system also includes first and second surgical modules. Each surgical module is connected to and controls one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of at least one of the operating parameters.
  • the surgical modules are also connected to the data communications bus which provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and the first and second surgical modules. In particular, data may be transmitted between the surgical modules and/or between the user interface and one or more of the surgical modules.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a system for controlling a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a data communications bus and a user interface connected to the data communications bus.
  • the user interface provides information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments.
  • the system also includes a surgical module and a remote control circuit.
  • the surgical module is connected to and controls one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of at least one of the operating parameters.
  • the remote control circuit is connected to and controls a remote control unit as a function of at least one of the operating parameters.
  • the remote control unit operates to change the operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments during performance of the surgical procedures.
  • Both the surgical module and the control circuit are also connected to the data communications bus which provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and the surgical module and the remote control circuit .
  • data may be transmitted between the surgical module and the control circuit and/or between the user interface and either or both of the surgical module and control circuit .
  • Yet another embodiment of the invention is a system for controlling a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a user interface providing information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments.
  • the system also includes a memory storing a plurality of operating parameters.
  • a central processor retrieves a set of the operating parameters from the memory for the microsurgical instruments.
  • the set of operating parameters retrieved by the central processor approximate an individualized set of surgeon-selected operating parameters provided by the user via the user interface.
  • the system further includes a surgical module connected to and controlling one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of the set of operating parameters retrieved from the memory.
  • Yet another embodiment of the invention is a system for controlling a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures .
  • the system includes a user interface providing information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments .
  • the system also includes a memory storing a plurality of operating parameters which are retrievable from the memory as a function of user-selected modes. Each mode is representative of one or more surgical procedures to be performed and is defined by operation of at least one of the microsurgical instruments.
  • a central processor retrieves a set of the operating parameters from the memory for the microsurgical instruments to be used in a selected one of the modes.
  • the system further includes a surgical module connected to and controlling one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of the set of operating parameters retrieved from the memory.
  • Another system embodying aspects of the invention controls a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a data communications bus and a user interface connected to the data communications bus.
  • the user interface including a central processor, provides information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments.
  • the system also includes a surgical module which is connected to and controls one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of at least one of the operating parameters.
  • the surgical module has a flash EEPROM storing executable routines for controlling the corresponding microsurgical instrument connected to it during performance of the surgical procedures and is connected to the data communications bus.
  • the data communications bus provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and the module and the central processor reprograms the flash EEPROM via the data communications bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • the invention is a system for controlling a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto. A user, such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a data communications bus and a user interface connected to the data communications bus.
  • the user interface including a central processor, provides information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments.
  • the system also includes a surgical module which is connected to and controls one of the microsurgical instruments as a function of at least one of the operating parameters.
  • the surgical module is connected to the data communications bus which provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and the module.
  • the central processor executes routines to identify and initialize the module communicating via the data communications bus.
  • Yet another embodiment of the invention is a system for controlling a plurality of ophthalmic microsurgical instruments connected thereto.
  • a user such as a surgeon, uses the microsurgical instruments in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the system includes a user interface which provides and displays information to the user and receives information from the user which is representative of operating parameters of the ophthalmic procedures and operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments to be used by the surgeon in performing the ophthalmic procedure.
  • the user selects a particular procedure via the user interface.
  • An aspiration module of the system is adapted to receive different microsurgical cassettes, each having different color-bearing insert. Each color indicates the procedure for which the cassette is to be used.
  • the system also includes a sensor for sensing the color of the color- bearing insert when the cassettes are received in the system and for providing information to the user interface when the color of the color-bearing insert of the cassette received by the system does not correspond to the particular procedure selected.
  • the invention may comprise various other systems and methods.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective of a microsurgical control system according to the invention for use with ophthalmic microsurgical instruments and having a plurality of modules;
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective of a base unit of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective of the base unit shown without a front cover;
  • Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a base unit chassis;
  • Fig. 6 is a top plan of the base unit chassis
  • Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the base unit
  • Fig. 8 is a left side elevation of the base unit front cover
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective of a typical module of the system of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 10 is a rear elevation of the module
  • Fig. 11 is a fragmentary bottom plan of the module
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective of a typical base unit and module assembly
  • Fig. 13 is a fragmentary cross-section taken in the plane of line 5B-5B of Fig. 7 but with a module installed in the base unit;
  • Fig. 14 is a fragmentary cross-section taken in the plane of line 5C-5C of Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a communications network according to the inven ion
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a termination circuit for selectively terminating the network of Fig. 15;
  • Figs. 17 and 18 are a block diagram of a user interface computer according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 19 is a block diagram of a communications network circuit for the user interface computer of Figs. 17-18;
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a termination circuit of the network circuit of Fig. 19 for selectively terminating the network;
  • Fig. 21 is a block diagram of the system of Fig. 1 illustrating data flow in the system according to the invention
  • Fig. 22 is an exemplary screen display of a numeric keypad according to the invention.
  • Figs. 23 and 24 are exemplary flow diagrams illustrating the operation of the central processor in the user interface computer for defining operating modes and mode sequences for the system;
  • Figs. 25 and 26 are exemplary flow diagrams illustrating the operation of the central processor in the user interface computer for adapting setup files for the system;
  • Figs. 27-30 are exemplary screen displays generated by the user interface computer for selecting an operating mode according to the invention;
  • Fig. 31 is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating the operation of a central processor in the user interface computer for automatically configuring the system
  • Fig. 32 is a block diagram of an irrigation, aspiration and/or vitrectomy module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig . 1 ;
  • Fig. 33 is a block diagram of a phacoemulsification and/or phacofragmentation module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 34 is a block diagram of an air/fluid exchange, electric scissors and/or forceps module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 35 is a block diagram of a bipolar coagulation module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 36 is a block diagram of an illumination module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 37 is a block diagram of a peripheral foot control circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 38 is a block diagram of a peripheral intravenous pole control circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 39 is a block diagram of a power module according to a preferred embodiment of the system of Fig. 1 ;
  • Figs. 40-42 are schematic diagrams illustrating a communica ions and power backplane in the base unit of Figs. 3-8;
  • Figs. 43-60 are schematic diagrams illustrating the irrigation, aspiration and/or vitrectomy module of Fig. 32;
  • Fig. 61 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cassette detector for use with the irrigation, aspiration and/or vitrectomy module of Figs. 32 and 43-60;
  • Figs. 62-88 are schematic diagrams illustrating the phacoemulsification and/or phacofragmentation module of Fig. 33;
  • Figs. 89-103 are schematic diagrams illustrating the air/fluid exchange, electric scissors and/or forceps module of Fig. 34;
  • Figs. 104-113 are schematic diagrams illustrating the bipolar coagulation module of Fig. 19;
  • Figs. 114-125 are schematic diagrams illustrating the illumination module of Fig. 36;
  • Figs. 126-136 are schematic diagrams illustrating the foot control circuit of Fig. 37;
  • Figs . 137-146 are schematic diagrams illustrating the intravenous pole control circuit of Fig. 38.
  • Figs. 147 and 148 are schematic diagrams illustrating a pressure sensing circuit for use with a scroll pump according to an alternative embodiment of the irrigation, aspiration and/or vitrectomy module of Figs. 32 and 43-60;
  • Figs. 149 and 150 are schematic diagrams illustrating the power module of Fig. 39 for providing power to the backplane of Figs. 40-42.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a microsurgical control system, generally designated 1, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 1 includes a computer unit 3 having a flat panel display 5, a base unit 7 housing a plurality of modules 13, and peripherals such as a foot control assembly 15 and a motorized intravenous (IV) pole assembly 17 (each of which is generally indicated by its respective reference numeral) .
  • Each of the modules 13 housed in the base unit 7 controls at least one ophthalmic microsurgical instrument 19 for use by a surgeon in performing various ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • ophthalmic microsurgery involves the use of a number of different instruments 19 for performing different functions.
  • These instruments 19 include vitrectomy cutters, phacoemulsification or phacofragmentation handpieces, electric microscissors, fiber optic illumination instruments, coagulation handpieces and other microsurgical instruments known in the art.
  • their operating parameters differ according to, for example, the particular procedure being performed, the different stages of the procedure, the surgeon's personal preferences, whether the procedure is being performed in the anterior or posterior portion of the patient's eye, and so on.
  • an instrumentation cart supports system 1.
  • the cart 21 includes a surgical, or Mayo, tray 25, the automated IV pole assembly 17, a storage compartment 27 for stowing the foot control assembly 15, disposable packs and other items, an opening 33 to house an expansion base unit (not shown in Fig. 1), and rotating casters 35.
  • Base unit 7 and computer unit 3 preferably sit on top of instrumentation cart 21 as shown in Fig. 1 and the Mayo tray 25 is mounted on an articulating arm (not shown) preferably attached to the top of instrumentation cart 21, directly beneath base unit 7.
  • Instrumentation cart 21 also holds a remote control transmitter, generally indicated 39, for use in remotely controlling system 1.
  • the modules 13 in base unit 7 house control circuits for the various microsurgical instruments 19 so that the system's user is able to configure system 1 for optimizing its use by the surgeon.
  • modules 13 include connections or ports by which one or more microsurgical instruments 19 connect to each module 13 and house the necessary control circuitry for controlling operation of the particular instrument or instruments 19 connected thereto.
  • the user by inserting the desired modules 13 in base unit 7, configures system 1 to meet a particular surgeon's preference, to control each of the instruments 19 needed for a particular surgical procedure, or to otherwise optimize system 1 for use by the surgeon.
  • foot control assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17 include electronic control circuits for controlling their operation.
  • each of the modules 13, and the control circuits for each of the peripherals, namely, foot control assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17, constitute nodes on a computer network.
  • the computer network provides power distribution and peer-to- peer data communication between the nodes.
  • base unit 7 includes a number of modules 13 which control various microsurgical instruments 19 typically used in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • each module 13 controls one or more surgical instruments 19 connected to it.
  • a power bus and a data communications bus each positioned on a backplane 101 (shown in detail in Figs. 5 and 40-42) , connect modules 13 to each other.
  • modules 13 engage the backplane 101 via a connector (e.g., connector 171 in Fig. 10) at the rear of each module 13.
  • backplane 101 provides power distribution between modules 13 as well as data communication between modules 13 and between modules 13 and computer unit 3.
  • modules 13 also include a power module 103 housed by base unit 7 which is connected to both an external AC power source and backplane 101.
  • the power module 103 provides power to backplane 101 and, thus, provides power to system 1.
  • a control circuit 105 controls foot control assembly 15 and a control circuit 107 (see Figs. 38 and 137-146) controls IV pole assembly 17.
  • computer unit 3 each module 13 and the control circuits 105, 107 for the peripherals constitute nodes on a computer network.
  • the computer network provides peer-to-peer data communication between the nodes.
  • each module 13 is able to communicate directly with the other modules 13, the peripherals and computer unit 3.
  • system 1 provides modular control of several different instruments 19 as well as user-configurability.
  • the base unit 7 forms a rack having positions or slots for receiving a plurality of modules 13 which electronically control the operation of surgical instruments 19 used by a surgeon in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the base unit 7 includes a chassis (generally designated 109) , a top cover 111 having the shape of an inverted channel, and a front cover or bezel 113 which may be removed as shown in Fig. 4 for inserting and removing modules 13.
  • the front cover 113 is fastened in place, the rearward wall 115 of the cover holds the modules in place within the base unit 7 thereby forming a retainer for retaining the modules in the rack.
  • the front cover 113 is held in place by two fasteners (not shown) screwed into threaded holes 117 in the front of the chassis 109. In the alternative, front cover 113 clips in place.
  • the top cover 111 includes four circular receptacles 119 for receiving feet on the bottom of computer unit 3. Each of these receptacles 119 is tapered to conform to the shape of the computer unit feet and to center the feet in the receptacles.
  • the chassis 109 comprises a rear panel 121 integrally formed with a bottom panel 123.
  • the bottom panel 123 extends perpendicular to the front plane (i.e., the front surface) of the backplane 101 which is fastened to the rear panel 121 with fasteners 125.
  • Ten 18-pin female electrical connectors 127 are provided on the front surface of the backplane 101.
  • the three left-most connectors 127 as shown in Fig. 5 are spaced at three inch intervals, and the remaining connectors 127 are spaced at 1.5 inch intervals.
  • Each socket of each connector 127 is connected in parallel to the similarly positioned sockets of the other connectors thereby forming the aforementioned power and data communications buses.
  • Louvers 131 are provided in the rear panel 121 above the backplane 101 for permitting air to escape from the base unit 7 (Fig. 5) .
  • a generally rectangular opening 133 extends through the rear panel 121 below the backplane 101 to provide access for a 3- prong connector on the back of the power module 103 as will be explained below.
  • a circular opening 135 is provided in the rear panel 121 for accepting a pneumatic quick disconnect coupling (not shown) on the back of an irrigation/aspiration/vitrectomy (IAV) (e.g., module 321 in Figs. 32 and 43-60).
  • IAV irrigation/aspiration/vitrectomy
  • Thirteen parallel rails, each generally designated by 137, are attached to the bottom panel 123 by fasteners 139 (Fig. 6) .
  • the rails 137 are evenly spaced at 1.5 inch intervals and extend perpendicular to the front of the backplane 101. One or more of the rails 137 is used to guide the modules 13 into position in the base unit 7 so they are properly aligned for connection with the backplane 101. As shown in Fig. 14, each of the rails 137 has an I- shaped cross-section comprising upper and lower horizontal flanges (141, 143, respectively) joined by a vertical web 145.
  • FIG. 5 shows four feet 141 extend down from the bottom panel 123 and are sized to seat in depressions (not shown) molded in the cart 21.
  • an intake grating 153 is provided in the bottom panel 123 for permitting air to enter the base unit 7 to cool the modules 13.
  • Fig. 7 shows two circular 9-pin female electrical connectors 157 mounted on the back face of the rear panel 121. Each of these connectors 157 is connected in parallel to the data communications bus on the backplane 101 to communicate with peripherals such as the cart 21 (including IV pole assembly 17) , the computer unit 3 or the foot control assembly 15.
  • the connectors 157 may also be used to connect base unit 7 to a separate expansion base unit as will be explained in detail below.
  • the connectors of the preferred embodiment are Series 703 electrical connectors sold by Amphenol Corporation of Wallingford, Connecticut.
  • Figs. 9-11 illustrate exemplary modules 13 for electronically controlling the operation of surgical instruments 19 used by a surgeon in performing ophthalmic surgical procedures.
  • the exemplary module shown m Fig. 9 is the power module 103 for supplying power to the power bus of the backplane 101.
  • Each of the modules 13 comprises a case 161 formed from aluminum sheet and a molded plastic front cover 163.
  • certain modules 13 have one or more ports provided in their front covers 163 for connecting various surgical instruments (not shown) to the modules.
  • the power module 103 illustrated in Fig. 9 is three inches wide. Other modules have other widths which are multiples of 1.5 inches (e.g., 1.5 inches or 4.5 inches) .
  • each of the modules 13 has a green light emitting diode (LED) 165, or other visual indicator, mounted on the front cover 163 to indicate when the module is active.
  • each module 13 includes an 18 -pin male electrical connector 171 adapted to connect to any of the female connectors 127 mounted on the backplane 101.
  • the connector 171 is recessed in the case 161 to protect the connector and to maximize the space provided within the base unit 7.
  • a cooling fan 173 is positioned adjacent an exhaust port 175 provided in the rearward face of the module case 161 above the 18 -pin connector 171 for exhausting air from the case 161 to cool components within the module 13.
  • a recess 177 is formed in the bottom of the front cover 163 for gripping the module 13 to slide it into and out of the base unit 7.
  • An opening 179 is provided in the bottom of the module case 161 to permit air to enter the module when the fan 173 is energized to cool components housed within the module 13.
  • One or more slots 181 are formed in the bottom wall 183 of each module case
  • Each of these slots 181 extends from a rear wall 185 of the case 161 and is configured to receive one of the guide rails 139 on the bottom panel 123 of the base unit chassis 109 to guide the module 13 and align its connector 171 with the corresponding connector 127 on the backplane 101.
  • the rails 137 and slots 181 form a guide for guiding each of the modules 13 into the rack so the respective module connector 127 is aligned for connection to the bus.
  • a channel 187 is tack welded to the bottom wall 183 of the module case 161 above each slot 181 to prevent debris from entering the case through the slots 181 and to shield the electronic components housed within the case from electromagnetic interference.
  • each of the base unit rails 137 is received in a respective slot 181 and channel 187 in the manner shown in Fig. 14, that is, with the upper horizontal flange 141 slidable in the channel 187 and the web 145 slidable in the slot 181 therebelow.
  • the rails 137 and slots 181 are sized to permit some movement (e.g. 1/16 inch) between the module 13 and base unit 7 so the pins of the module connector 171 can properly align with the sockets of the backplane connector 127.
  • the connectors 127, 171 are tapered to guide the pins into the sockets even though the connectors are initially out of alignment by some amount (e.g., 0.1 inch) .
  • the rails and slots are dimensioned to allow some movement, they do not permit any more misalignment than the connectors will tolerate. Therefore, the rails 137 and slots 181 adequately provide for piece-part tolerances, but guide each of the modules 13 into the rack so the respective module connector 127 is aligned for connection to the bus.
  • Portions of the bottom wall 183 of the module case 161 adjacent each slot are engageable with the top of the lower flange 143 of a respective rail 137 to space the case 161 from the base unit chassis 109 and minimize metal -to-metal contact between the modules 13 and base unit 7.
  • two slots 181 are present in the exemplary module 13 shown in Fig. 11, one or more slots may be present in other modules depending upon their widths. For instance, 1.5 inch wide modules 13 have one slot 181 and 4.5 inch wide modules have three slots.
  • the exhaust port 175 and fan 173 align with the louvers 131 in the base unit rear panel 121 as shown in Fig. 13 to freely vent air from the module when the cooling fan is energized.
  • the intake opening 179 of the module aligns with the grating 153 in the base unit bottom panel 123 to allow air to enter the module 13 from outside the base unit 7.
  • Each module 13 also provides overcurrent protection to ensure that a single module failure does not damage other parts of the system 1.
  • the front cover 163 of each module 13 includes beveled surfaces 191 extending rearwardly from the front surface 193 along opposite sides of the front surface.
  • the bevelled surfaces 191 are convergent with respect to one another toward the front surface 193 so that when the module 13 is placed in the base unit 7 beside another module, with a bevelled surface of one module adjacent a bevelled surface of the other module, the generally planar front surfaces of the adjacent modules are laterally spaced from one another by a distance D.
  • the lateral spacing between the module front surfaces reduces the "noticeability" of any misalignment between the front surfaces 193 of adjacent modules. Thus, greater piece part tolerances are permitted without detracting from the appearance of the system 1.
  • the module connectors 171 connect to the connectors 127 on the backplane 101 when the modules 13 are installed in the base unit 7.
  • the male and female connectors are connected, appropriate circuits within the module 13 are connected to the power and data communications buses in the backplane 101.
  • the same module circuits connect to the same circuits of the power and data communications buses.
  • the modules 13 are generally interchangeable and may be ordered in any sequence within the base unit 7.
  • each module 13 is separately controlled, only those modules which control instruments necessary for a particular surgical procedure need be installed in the base unit 7. Therefore, the previously described rack is configured to receive the modules 13 in a plurality of different positions along the power and data communications buses so that they are selectively organizable in a plurality of different sequences in the rack.
  • the power module 103 has a dedicated location within the base unit 7 so it may be conveniently connected to the external power source through the rectangular opening 133 in the base unit rear panel 121. Because the power module 103 is 3 inches wide, the spacing between the two left -most connectors 127 as shown in Fig. 5 is three inches. The spacing between the second and third connectors from the left as shown m Fig. 5 permit either a three or 4.5 inch wide module to be inserted next to the power module 103. If an IAV (e.g., module 321 in Figs. 32 and 43-60) is used, it must be installed over the three right-most rails 137 as shown in Fig. 5.
  • IAV e.g., module 321 in Figs. 32 and 43-60
  • a pneumatic quick disconnect coupling protrudes from the back of the IAV module 321.
  • the IAV module 321 can only be installed in the right -most position because the coupling must extend through the circular opening 135 in the rear panel 121 of the base unit 7. If an IAV module is not being used, any other module (besides a power module) may be installed m the right-most position.
  • the modules 13 are fully interchangeable and may be installed in any order as desired.
  • the base unit 7 is configured so the modules 13 may be received m a plurality of different positions within the rack and so they are selectively organizable in a plurality of different sequences in the rack.
  • All the modules 13 are capable of being installed into or removed from base unit 7 quickly from the front without the aid of any tools due to their modular construction and the releasable engagement of the backplane 101. This quick installation and removal facilitates convenient maintenance or replacement of modules. For example, if a particular module 13 needs repair, it can be easily removed and shipped to a repair facility. During repair, another module may be used in its place or the system 1 can be operated without the particular module 13.
  • a post 195 extends from the rear face of the front cover 113 of the base unit 7.
  • the post 195 is positioned on the front cover so it engages a opening 197 (Fig. 9) in the power module 103 when the cover is installed on the base unit with the modules 13 installed.
  • An interlock switch e.g., interlock switch 783 in Fig. 39 located behind the opening 197 in the power supply module 103 interrupts power to each of modules 13 upon removal of the base unit front cover 113.
  • the particular configuration of modules in the rack is checked during each start-up (as explained below with respect to Fig. 31) , and cannot be changed without removing the front cover 113. By interrupting power when the cover 113 is removed, the configura ion of the modules 13 cannot be changed without being detected.
  • the system 1 may further include an expansion connector 203 (see Fig. 16) for connecting the base unit 7 to an optional expansion base unit 207 thereby to expand the network.
  • the expansion base unit 207 is substantially identical to base unit 7.
  • the user can expand the network and, thus, expand the operating capabilities of the system 1, by connecting either 9-pin connector 157 on the rear panel 121 of the base unit 7 to the similar connector on the expansion base unit 207 with the expansion connector 203.
  • the expansion base unit 207 of the preferred embodiment includes its own power module 211. Therefore, the expansion connector 203 connects the data communication buses of the units, but not the power buses. However, it is envisioned that a single power module could supply both units without departing from the scope of the present invention. When a single power module is used, power is provided to the expansion base unit 207 via the expansion connector 203 by connecting the power bus on the backplane
  • the data communications bus preferably comprises a twisted pair cable 215 having a first wire 217 and a second wire 219.
  • the computer network linking each of the components of system 1 is of the type sold by Echelon Corporation under the trademark LONTALK ® utilizing an RS485 communications protocol.
  • the RS485 standard provides a platform for multi- point data transmission over a balanced twisted pair transmission line.
  • Each module 13 includes an RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving data from and transmitting data to the data communications bus and a processor 225 coupled to the transceiver 223. Motorola manufactures a suitable processor 225 designated NEURON ® chip Model No.
  • transceiver 223 designated chip Model No. 75156.
  • the data communications bus, the transceivers 223 and the processors 225 together form the communications network by which modules 13, computer unit 3, the control circuit
  • processor 225 is also referred to herein as a "neuron” or “neuron processor” (NEURON ® is a registered trademark of Echelon Corporation) .
  • Each neuron processor 225 preferably comprises three 8-bit on-board processors. Two of the three on-board processors implement a communication subsystem, enabling the transfer of information from node to node on the network.
  • the third on- board processor executes an embedded application program.
  • neuron processors 225 control microsurgical instruments 19 connected thereto.
  • the neuron processors 225 of modules 13 receive the data communicated via the data communications bus and, in response to the data, generate control signals to control microsurgical instruments 19.
  • transceivers 223 tap into the first and second wires 217, 219 of twisted pair cable 215.
  • twisted pair cable 215 is positioned on backplane 101 (i.e., as traces on backplane 101) .
  • backplane 101 also includes a pair of additional data cable connectors 157 for connecting data cables to backplane 101.
  • the data cables include twisted pair cable and extend the data communications bus from backplane 101 to computer unit 3 and to the peripherals.
  • each end of twisted pair cable 215 must be terminated by a resistance, such as a 120 ⁇ resistor.
  • a termination circuit 229 shown in Fig. 16, located at one end of twisted pair cable 215 for selectively terminating the network by a 120 ohm resistor and allowing for easy expansion of the network.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates the termination circuit 229 for selectively terminating the data communications bus.
  • the data communications bus (i.e., twisted pair cable 215) is represented by RS485-HI and RS485-LO lines.
  • termination circuit 229 is part of expansion connector 203 and is connected in series between the ends of the first and second wires 217, 219 of the first twisted pair cable 215.
  • termination circuit 229 comprises a normally closed switch 231 connected in series with the 120 ohm resistance for terminating the data communications bus.
  • the user connects an expansion cable 233 having a second twisted pair cable 235 associated with expansion base unit 207 to expansion connector 203.
  • the second twisted pair cable 235 has a first wire 237 and a second wire 239 provided for connection to termination circuit 229.
  • second twisted pair 235 is positioned on backplane 209 and constitutes the data communications bus for expansion unit 207.
  • Termination circuit 229 also includes a coil 243 connected to a positive voltage supply.
  • the coil 243 When the user connects expansion cable 233 associated with expansion base unit 207 to expansion connector 203, the coil 243 is shorted to ground. As a result, the positive voltage energizes coil 243 which in turn opens the normally closed switch 231.
  • switch 231 opens to remove the termination. The termination is then found at the other end of expansion base unit 207.
  • either the expansion cable 233 or the backplane 209 of expansion base unit 207 also includes termination circuit 229.
  • Fig. 16 also shows lines labeled RESET-HI and RESET-LO.
  • computer unit 3 communicates a reset signal via the data communications bus to the modules 13 installed in base unit 7 via backplane 101 and to the modules 13 installed in expansion base unit 207 via backplane 209.
  • expansion base unit 207 includes its own power module 211. As such, power is not distributed between base unit 7 and expansion base unit 207.
  • the power bus may also be positioned on backplanes 101, 209 for distributing power from power module 103 to each of the modules 13 of system 1 which are located in either base unit 7 or expansion base unit 207.
  • computer unit 3 comprises an embedded central processing computer 245, at least one disk drive 247 and an internal hard drive 249.
  • the central processor 245 of computer unit 3 is an IBM compatible microprocessor-based board including, for example, an Intel 486 ® or Pentium ® processor, and having an industry standard AT motherboard.
  • the disk drive 247 is a conventional 3.5 inch, 1.44 MB floppy drive and the hard drive 249 is a conventional IDE 3.5 inch internal hard drive having at least 250 MB of memory.
  • computer unit 3 includes a CD-ROM drive 251 in addition to floppy drive 247.
  • Computer unit 3 also includes the flat panel display 5, a touch-responsive screen 255 for use with flat panel display 5 and various multimedia hardware accessories such as a video board, or display driver 259, a sound board 261 and speakers 263.
  • various multimedia hardware accessories such as a video board, or display driver 259, a sound board 261 and speakers 263.
  • each of the various expansion boards of computer unit 3 are compatible with standard PC architectures .
  • Computer unit 3 constitutes a user interface by which the user (such as a surgeon, medical technician or assistant) receives information representative of the various operating parameters of microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals which provide the different functions needed to perform the surgical procedures.
  • the user also provides information to system 1 via a graphical user interface provided by computer unit 3.
  • the hard drive 249 of computer unit 3 stores programmable operating parameters for each of the microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals.
  • the user is able to reprogram or select from the operating parameters stored in hard drive 249.
  • Computer unit 3 then communicates the operating parameters to modules 13 as well as to foot assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17 via the backplane 101 and external data cables and its network. In this manner, the user is able to optimize the performance of instruments 19 during surgery.
  • the user stores data representative of a plurality of operating parameters on a removable memory, such as a floppy disk, for use with the disk drive 247 of computer unit 3.
  • the central processor 245 of computer unit 3 defines a set of operating parameters for the microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals based on the data stored in the removable memory.
  • the set of operating parameters defined by central processor 245 comprise an individualized set of surgeon-selected operating parameters.
  • the hard drive 249 of computer unit 3 stores default operating parameters which may be adapted to approximate the individualized set of parameters provided by the user.
  • operating parameters define one or more of the following for use in controlling the various instruments 19: a linearly variable scissors cut rate; a fixed scissors cut rate; a single actuation scissors cut; a proportional actuation scissors closure level; an air/fluid pressure; an air/fluid flow rate; a linearly variable bipolar power level; a fixed bipolar power level; an illumination intensity level; an aspiration vacuum pressure level; an aspiration flow rate; a linearly variable vitrectomy cut rate; a fixed vitrectomy cut rate; a single actuation vitrectomy cut; a phacoemulsification power level; a phacofragmentation power level; a phacoemulsification pulse rate; and a phacofragmentation pulse rate.
  • the control circuits 105, 107 of the peripherals also form nodes on the computer network and operate as a function of at least one operating parameter.
  • the operating parameters also define one or more of following for the peripherals: a plurality of foot control pitch detent levels; and an intravenous pole height.
  • computer unit 3 also includes an infrared (IR) receiver circuit 267 for receiving IR signals from the hand-held remote control 39.
  • the IR signals preferably represent commands for controlling operation of system 1.
  • remote control 39 is a wireless infrared transmitter similar in size and appearance to a standard television or video cassette recorder remote.
  • the unit provides line of sight operation and preferably uses a transmitter/receiver encoding scheme to minimize the risk of interference from other infrared transmitters and/or receivers.
  • the keypad of remote control 39 preferably includes control buttons for varying the levels of aspiration, bipolar coagulation power and ultrasound power (for phacoemulsification and phacofragmentation) as well as for varying the IV pole height, turning on and off the illumination instrument and varying the intensity level of the light provided by the illumination instrument.
  • remote control 39 also includes control buttons for proceeding to the next mode and for returning to the previous mode in a predefined sequence of operational modes.
  • computer unit 3 includes a network board
  • This application specific network board 271 includes transceiver 223 and neuron processor 225 for connecting computer unit 3 to the network.
  • network board 271 is used to interface central processor 245 with the touch-responsive screen 255 and the IR receiver 267 as well as surgical modules 13, foot control assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17.
  • the central processor 245 of computer unit 3 cooperates with each of the neuron processors 225 of the individual control circuits of modules 13, foot control assembly 15 and/or IV pole assembly 17 to execute software in a two-tier software hierarchy.
  • the first tier of the software hierarchy is the user interface which provides an interface between the user (i.e., the surgical team) and microsurgical system 1 of the invention.
  • the term "user interface” refers generally to computer unit 3 and specifically to the routines executed by computer unit 3 to generate a series of functional screen displays which enable the user to interface with system 1.
  • the user interface displays operating parameters and their settings as well as other conditions on flat panel display 5.
  • the user interface also receives input from touch-responsive screen 255, foot control assembly 15 or IR remote control 39 to tailor the operation of system 1 to the surgeon's current surgical procedure.
  • the user interface is a Microsoft ® Windows ' 95 based environment providing a highly graphical, user friendly operating environment which generates icons, symbols, and the like. As a result, the user interface simplifies the use of system 1 and is particularly well-suited for use with touch- responsive screen 255.
  • the second tier of the system software is an embedded control environment used by modules 13, control circuit 105 and control circuit 107.
  • each component of system 1 forms part of a computer network such that the user interface communicates with the embedded software via a predetermined communication architecture such as the communication architecture Echelon LONTALK ® .
  • each of the modules 13 and peripherals operate independently of the other modules 13 and peripherals while still being linked by the network. Thus, the failure of one component will not affect the functionality of the other components of system 1.
  • each module 13 and peripheral incorporates built - in-tests so that specific failures can be identified and reported to computer unit 3 and, thus, be reported to the user.
  • the operational status of each module 13 and peripheral is continually checked during operation through the use of a software watchdog timer (e.g., see watchdog timer 475 in Fig. 32) .
  • computer unit 3 is especially well -suited for use in a modular system such as system 1.
  • Hard drive 249 stores the various programs for operating system 1, including the programs normally resident in modules 13. In the event that a program resident in one of modules 13 becomes corrupted or in need of an update, the user may download the appropriate resident program from hard drive 249 to module 13 via the network thereby facilitating its reprogramming .
  • Floppy drive 247 also allows the user to install software updates or application specific software for use with new modules based on this product. In this manner, the software of system 1 follows a modular approach which parallels the modular design of the hardware. Additionally, the user may save, load and transport user settings from system 1 to another like microsurgical system at a different location through the use of floppy drive 247.
  • Computer unit 3 employs sound board 261 and speakers 263 to generate audio signals for warning messages, alarms or other audible indications.
  • sound board 261 and speakers 263 cooperate with the video board 259 and the CD-ROM drive 251 to provide audio/visual, or multimedia, presentations such as animated on-line service and instruction manuals, operational demonstrations, and the like in a number of different languages.
  • Flat panel display 5 and touch-responsive screen 255 are the primary means of interface between system 1 and the user.
  • flat panel display 5 is an active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) (10.4" diagonal, VGA resolution, active matrix LCD, 256 colors) overlaid by touch-responsive screen 255.
  • touch-responsive screen 255 is an analog resistive touch screen which is chemically resistant to common sterilizing solutions and housed in a watertight bezel.
  • computer unit 3 also includes a separate power supply 275.
  • the power module 103 of base unit 7 provides power to computer unit 3.
  • Fig. 19 illustrates the application specific network board 271 of computer unit 3.
  • network board 271 includes an RS485 network connector circuit 277 as well as a network manager/controller circuit 279 and an RS485 termination circuit 281.
  • the circuits 277, 279, 281 provide a network interface for computer unit 3 to communicate via the data communications bus .
  • Network board 271 further includes an ISA bus connector 283, an ISA bus transceiver 285 and an ISA bus interface circuit 287, such as an electronically programmable logic device (EPLD) .
  • the circuit 283, 285, 287 provide an interface between network board 271 and central processor 245.
  • EPLD electronically programmable logic device
  • network board 271 provides circuit connections and interfaces for touch-responsive screen 255, flat panel display 5 and IR remote control 39.
  • network board 271 includes a touchscreen controller/encoder 289 connected to central processor 245 via a serial connector 291 and connected to flat panel display 5 via a flex-circuit connector 293.
  • the flex-circuit connector 293 also connects a backlight brightness control 295 to flat panel display 5 and connects the IR receiver 267 to an IR remote decoder circuit 297.
  • Network board 271 also includes a brightness control connector 299 for use with an encoder knob (not shown) on computer unit 3 by which the user controls the intensity of flat panel display 5.
  • remote control 39 also provides a means for varying the display intensity so the input received at the brightness control connector is routed through the IR remote decoder 297 to the bus interface circuit 287.
  • bus interface circuit 287 provides the necessary control signals to the brightness control 295 for varying the intensity of flat panel display 5.
  • network board 271 further includes a watchdog timer and reset circuit 301 in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • termination circuit 281 is shown in schematic diagram form.
  • network board 271 provides termination circuit 281 for selectively terminating the computer unit end of the data communications bus.
  • termination circuit 281 comprises a normally closed switch 303 connected in series with an approximately 120 ohm resistance.
  • the user connects an expansion cable (not shown) from a peripheral to either a first jumper 305 or a second jumper 307.
  • the jumpers 303, 305 preferably provide means for connecting additional peripherals to the network of system 1.
  • the user can connect foot control assembly 15 or some other peripheral to the network via a connector (not shown) associated with either jumper 305, 307 instead of via connector 157.
  • the expansion cables from the peripherals that are to be connected to the network short a pair of termination switch pins on jumpers 305, 307.
  • a peripheral expansion cable connected to jumper 305 causes a short circuit between TERM SWITCH 1A and TERM SWITCH IB.
  • a peripheral expansion cable connected to jumper 307 causes a short circuit between TERM SWITCH 2A and TERM SWITCH 2B.
  • termination circuit 281 also includes a coil 309 connected to a positive voltage supply.
  • the coil 309 is shorted to ground and, thus, energized when both TERM SWITCH 1A and IB and TERM SWITCH 2A and 2B are shorted.
  • the normally closed switch 303 opens to remove the termination. The termination is then found at the peripheral end of the data communications bus.
  • Fig. 21 illustrates data flow in system 1 according to one preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • each module 13 installed in base unit 7 controls one or more microsurgical instruments 19 for providing several different surgical functions.
  • instruments 19 provide intraocular pressure (IOP) , scissors cutting, forceps control, ultrasound (e.g., for phacoemulsification or phacofragmentation) , irrigation, aspiration, vitrectomy cutting, bipolar coagulation and/or illumination.
  • modules 13 include a venturi IAV module 321 and a scroll IAV module 323, both of which control irrigation, aspiration and vitrectomy functions of system 1.
  • the venturi IAV module 321 is for use with a venturi pump whereas the scroll IAV module 323 is for use with a scroll pump.
  • Modules 13 also include a phaco module 325 controlling phacoemulsification and phacofragmentation functions and a scissors module 327 controlling a scissors cutting function.
  • the scissors module 327 also controls a forceps function and includes air/fluid exchange control circuitry for controlling an IOP function.
  • modules 13 further include a coagulation module 329 controlling a bipolar coagulation function and an illumination module 331 controlling an illumination function.
  • This embodiment of the invention also includes foot control circuit 105 and IV pole control circuit 107 as peripherals connected to the network of system 1.
  • venturi IAV module 321, scroll IAV module 323, phaco module 325, scissors module 327, coagulation module 329 and illumination module 331 as well as the control circuits 105, 107 for foot control assembly 15 and
  • the user either programs the operating parameters, selects them from a set of default operating parameters or inputs them directly from the user interface to optimize performance of the surgery.
  • computer unit 3 in turn communicates the operating parameters to modules 13 via line 335.
  • Each active module 13 then provides control signals as a function of at least one of the user-entered or default operating parameters for controlling the microsurgical instrument or instruments 19 connected thereto.
  • computer unit 3 provides on/off control of a number of instruments 19 and IV pole assembly 17 via line 337 and receives feedback regarding their operational status via line 339.
  • foot control assembly 15 provides both linear control (e.g., by its foot pedal) via line 341 and discrete control (e.g., by its push-buttons) via line 343 of the various modules 13. Further, with its programmable function button, foot control assembly 15 also provides control of system 1 based on instructions from computer unit 3.
  • the data communications bus of the invention carries the data communicated by lines 335, 337, 339, 341 and 343.
  • the data communications bus is a bi-directional serial bus which carries all types of signals.
  • the lines 335, 337, 339, 341, 343 represent data flow in system 1 but do not represent the data communications bus.
  • the network of system 1 provides peer-to- peer communication between its nodes. For example, it may be desirable to disable the user interface when foot control assembly 15 is engaged. In other words, the user is prevented from changing the operating parameters of instruments 19 when the surgeon is using foot control assembly 15 to remotely control instruments 19. In this instance, foot control assembly 15 communicates via the network directly with the user interface and the other modules 13 to provide peer-to-peer communication. Similarly, it may be desirable to prevent certain instruments 19 from operating simultaneously for safety reasons. For example, the phacoemulsification instrument is disabled by the bipolar coagulation instrument when the latter is being used and vice-versa. In contrast, the aspiration function is needed during phacoemulsification or phacofragmentation. Thus, information regarding both functions is communicated via the network between the phaco module 325 and either venturi IAV module 321 or scroll IAV module 323.
  • an opening screen display at start-up allows the user to select the various surgical functions available for either the anterior or posterior portions of the patient's eye or to select a utilities program for programming system 1 or for performing other setup functions.
  • computer unit 3 When the user selects either the anterior portion or the posterior portion, computer unit 3 preferably displays a surgeon selection menu on flat panel display 5.
  • hard drive 249 stores an individualized set of initial operating parameters for each surgeon listed on the menu.
  • computer unit 3 sets the operating portion to either anterior or posterior with the appropriate set of initial operating parameters depending on the user's selections. If a particular surgeon is not listed on the menu, computer unit 3 sets the operating portion to either anterior or posterior with the default operating parameters. If desired, the surgeon may then change the operating parameters from their default values .
  • computer unit 3 displays a utilities screen on flat panel display 5 when the user selects the utilities option from the opening screen.
  • computer unit 3 sets the operating mode to "none" .
  • the utilities program allows the user to modify the various system settings (e.g., modify or add new surgeons to the surgeon selection menu, modify initial operating parameters previously saved or add new initial operating parameters, and access user help information) .
  • the user interface establishes dedicated portions of touch-responsive screen 255 for different selection or information windows. For example, primary windows are generated for displaying aspiration, phacoemulsification, phacofragmentation, vitrectomy, scissors and linear coagulation functions.
  • the user interface also employs a series of selection tabs (see Fig. 27) which allow the user to select the current operating mode of system 1, activate or deactivate surgical functions (e.g., coagulation), display on-line help and to exit system 1. If needed, the user selection tabs also include multiple choices for one or more of the selections and expand to display these additional selections .
  • the user may customize the different operating parameters to meet a surgeon's particular preferences through the use of a surgical function interface of the user interface.
  • the surgical function interface uses a number of displays to represent the various microsurgical system functions (e.g., venturi vacuum, scroll vacuum, vitrectomy, ultrasound, coagulation, scissors cutting, illumination and so forth) which are active.
  • the surgical function interface displays current operating parameters numerically or graphically, displays operating set points and/or displays the on or off status of the various functions.
  • the central processor 245 of computer unit 3 also executes routines to generate various control icons for use in adjusting the different operating parameters and/or for use in turning the functions on or off.
  • the interface provides a spin button, or up/down, control for incrementing or decrementing the current vacuum operating parameter.
  • the interface also uses push-button controls for commanding a number of functions. For example, during performance of the aspiration function, the surgeon typically primes the aspiration line before proceeding to first remove any air in the line.
  • the priming function is preferably indicated on the screen by a push-button.
  • the interface also utilizes progress bars for showing current operating parameters with respect to their preset minimum and maximum values. For example, if the ultrasound power level is at 20% of the maximum power level during phacofragmentation, a progress bar covers 20% of a window labeled 0% on its left edge and 100% on its right edge .
  • central processor 245 preferably executes a calculator function interface in response to the user touching the portion of touch- responsive screen 255 corresponding to the numerical display of one of the operating parameter values.
  • the calculator function interface preferably causes flat panel display 5 to display a numeric keypad, generally indicated 347, as part of the touch-responsive screen 255 for use in entering a desired value of the selected operating parameter rather than incrementing or decrementing the value via a spin button control.
  • the user may quickly and easily change the numerical surgical settings without repeatedly or continuously pressing the up or down arrow of the spin button control .
  • the interface displays the particular value entered via the keypad 347 in a window 349 with a legend indicating the operating parameter being modified (e.g., the maximum vacuum setting) .
  • Keypad 347 further includes a push-button 351 for entering the default or programmed maximum value, a push-button 353 for entering the default or programmed minimum value and push-buttons 355, 357 for incrementing or decrementing the value, respectively.
  • the calculator function interface is disabled during operation of foot control assembly 15 when performing an active operation.
  • the user interface provides programming function interfaces to represent the microsurgical system functions for use in programming mode settings. In the present embodiment, the user accesses the programming function interfaces via the utilities menu described above.
  • the programming interfaces display operating set points and provide means for modifying the operating set points for a given operating mode, changing the functions from linear to fixed, or vice-versa, turning the functions on/off for a given operating mode and so forth.
  • system 1 is a mode- based surgical system.
  • a mode is defined to be a surgical setup that includes the use of one or more surgical instruments 19 having specified initial operating parameters. Each of the surgical instruments 19 which are active in a particular mode perform one or more surgical functions.
  • mode and “function” are sometimes used interchangeably in commonly assigned patents, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,933,843, 5,157,603,
  • one phacoemulsification mode is defined such that an aspiration instrument provides the vacuum function and a phacoemulsification handpiece provides the ultrasound, or phacoemulsification, function and both of these instruments have specific initial operating parameters.
  • the flat panel display 5 of computer unit 3 displays information to the user.
  • flat panel display 5 displays this information in the form of various on-screen menus of options available to the user.
  • the menus may be in the form of lists, labeled push-buttons, user-selectable tabs and the like.
  • the user selects one or more of the available options from the on-screen menu by touching a corresponding portion of touch-responsive screen 255.
  • One such display includes a menu of the selectable modes.
  • the hard drive 249 of computer unit 3 stores operating parameters according to predefined surgical operating modes in the form of a collection of setup files.
  • each mode is representative of one or more surgical procedures to be performed and defined by operation of at least one of the microsurgical instruments 19.
  • Each mode determines which instruments 19 are to be used in the particular mode as well as the operating parameters associated with those instruments.
  • the user can modify or define the modes via the user interface.
  • Fig. 23 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of computer unit 3 for providing operating modes according to the invention.
  • system 1 first identifies and initializes each of the modules 13 installed in base unit 7 at power-up.
  • central processor 245 retrieves a particular setup file corresponding to the selected surgeon at step 365.
  • the retrieved setup file comprises a mode database having a number of mode records, each being representative of a different mode and the operating parameters for the various surgical functions to be performed by system 1 operating in that mode.
  • the setup file may also include initial values for other operating parameters which are not part of the mode records such as audio levels or other mod -independent settings.
  • the retrieved setup file also includes a mode sequence database which defines a sequence in which certain of the modes are to be provided.
  • computer unit 3 compares the identification information to the retrieved setup file to verify that the necessary modules 13 are present in system 1 for performing the desired surgical functions specified in the mode records of the mode database. If not, computer unit 3 generates a translated setup file at step 369 by translating or substituting operating parameters for the operating parameters in the retrieved setup file so that it corresponds to the actual modules 13 in base unit 7. If the necessary modules 13 are present in system 1, or if computer unit 3 has generated a translated setup file, computer unit 3 determines that the setup file is acceptable at step 371.
  • central processor 245 retrieves a set of the operating parameters from hard drive 249 for the microsurgical instrument or instruments 19 to be used in a selected mode and surgical modules 13 control the microsurgical instruments 19 connected thereto as a function of the operating parameters retrieved from memory.
  • the mode interface also defines a sequence in which the modes are to be active.
  • the on-screen menu also includes an option for either proceeding to the next mode in the sequence defined in the mode sequence database or returning to the previous mode in the sequence. This enables the surgeon to proceed from mode to mode by touching a single push-button on touch-responsive screen 255.
  • the surgeon can also proceed from mode to mode by depressing a particular button on foot control assembly 15 or by depressing a particular button on the hand-held remote control 39.
  • central processor 245 retrieves in sequence the set of operating parameters from hard drive 249 for the microsurgical instruments 19 to be used in the selected mode and then retrieves another set of the operating parameters from hard drive 249 for the microsurgical instruments 19 to be used in either the next or the previous mode in the predefined sequence depending on the user's instructions.
  • the mode sequence database may only define a sequence for some of those modes.
  • the mode sequence database may define a sequence in which the first mode defined in the mode database is to be followed by the third mode, then the ninth mode and then the seventh mode. In other words, there need not be a one-to-one correspondence between the mode records in the mode database and the modes listed in the mode sequence database .
  • Fig. 24 illustrates the mode sequencing operation of computer unit 3 in flow diagram form.
  • the user enters a mode sequence command via the user interface.
  • the mode sequence command may be a command to proceed to the next mode in the sequence, to return to the preceding mode in the sequence or to return to the last mode performed.
  • computer unit 3 identifies the mode record from the mode database which corresponds to the mode in the predefined sequence.
  • computer unit 3 proceeds to step 379 for instructing each module 13 and peripheral of system 1 of the user's desired mode change. Also at step 379, computer unit 3 executes certain safety routines.
  • surgeon is only permitted to change from mode to mode when the foot pedal of foot control assembly 15 is inactive.
  • An exception is made for the phacofragmentation, scissors and other modes which may be selected when the foot pedal of foot assembly 15 is active if the irrigation function is operating to provide continuous irrigation.
  • computer unit also proceeds to step 379 after receiving a new mode selection command at step 381.
  • computer unit 3 reprograms the operating parameters of the microsurgical instruments 19 to be used in the selected operating mode at step 383.
  • computer unit 3 enables or disables the various display components so that the display on flat panel display 5 corresponds to the surgical functions available in the selected mode.
  • computer unit 3 enables each of the modules 13 or peripherals to be used in the selected operating mode at step 387.
  • Table I lists exemplary modes and the operating parameters associated with the instruments 19 to be used in each of the modes.
  • Table I lists the mode records of an exemplary mode database.
  • Table I Operating Modes Database
  • the surgeon may define a mode sequence database via the user interface which includes only some of the nine modes.
  • the mode sequence database defines a sequence beginning with mode 1 (open), followed by mode 3 (emulsification-medium) , followed by mode 9 (dual) and ending with mode 7 (clean II) .
  • computer unit 3 compares the system identification information, built at power-up in the form of a hardware database, to the retrieved setup file. By doing so, computer unit 3 is able to verify that the necessary modules 13 are present in system 1 for performing the desired surgical functions of the modes in the mode database. If not, computer unit 3 generates a translated setup file by translating or substituting operating parameters for the operating parameters in the retrieved setup file so that it corresponds to the actual modules 13 in base unit 7.
  • Figs. 25 and 26 illustrate a preferred means for adapting the setup files according to the invention. 39 a
  • computer unit 3 first examines each mode record in the mode database at step 391. During
  • computer unit 3 reads a set of communications parameters corresponding to the hardware (i.e., the different modules 13 and control circuits 105, 107) on the network.
  • each neuron processor 225 of the various nodes on the network executes embedded programs for controlling the different microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals.
  • the communications parameters represent a unique identification label specific to each processor 225 which includes information regarding the type of device being controlled (e.g., vitrectomy handpiece or ultrasound device) and the version of module 13 or peripheral in which the processor 225 is located.
  • the identification label also includes a specific identifier (e.g., a serial number) which is unique to the particular module 13 or control circuit
  • the version of a particular module 13 may change as either the hardware or software is updated.
  • the mode records in the mode database each represent a different operating mode and the operating parameters for the various surgical functions to be provided by system 1 operating in that mode.
  • the operating parameters correspond to specific nodes on the network by both function and version.
  • computer unit 3 determines if the type of hardware needed for each instrument or peripheral to used in the operating mode defined by the mode record is present in system 1. If so, at step 395, computer unit 3 determines if the version information for each module 13 and peripheral control circuit 105, 107 matches the version information specified by the mode record. If the version information is correct, computer unit 3 returns to step 391 for examining the next mode record in the mode database. On the other hand, if the version information is incorrect, computer unit 3 determines at step 397 if the version information for the installed hardware is compatible with the version information specified by the mode record. If compatible, computer unit proceeds to step 399 in which it substitutes 41 the operating parameters associated with the actual hardware of system 1 for the operating parameters set forth in the mode record.
  • computer unit 3 disallows the particular mode at step 401. Following either step 399 or step 401, computer unit 3 returns to step 391 for examining the next mode record in the mode database.
  • computer unit 3 determines if hardware is present in system 1 for each instrument or peripheral to used in the operating mode defined by the mode record. If not, computer unit 3 proceeds to step 403 shown in the flow diagram of Fig. 26.
  • computer unit 3 determines if the absent hardware is necessary to the operation of system 1 in the particular mode. If the absent hardware is not needed, computer unit 3 deletes the reference to the absent hardware from the mode record at step 405 and then returns to step 391 of Fig. 25 for proceeding to the next mode record.
  • computer unit 3 determines at step 407 if substitute hardware is available. If not, computer unit 3 deletes the mode record from the mode database at step 409 and then returns to step 391 for proceeding to the next mode record. If substitute hardware is available, computer unit 3 proceeds to step 411. At step 411, computer unit 3 translates the operating parameters in the mode record to correspond to the substitute hardware.
  • a particular setup of system 1 may include venturi IAV module 321 but not scroll IAV module 323. In this instance, if a mode record specifies an operating mode providing the flow aspiration function, which is not available with venturi IAV module 321, computer unit 3 would substitute the flow aspiration operating parameters for vacuum operating parameters which would approximate a flow aspiration response .
  • computer unit 3 returns to step 391.
  • computer unit 3 examines the mode sequence database of the retrieved setup file. If a mode in the mode sequence is no 42 longer available (i.e., it was deleted at step 409), computer unit 3 also deletes the mode from the mode sequence database. In this manner, computer unit 3 adapts the retrieved setup file for use with the particular configuration of system 1. In other words, computer unit 3 generates a translated setup file.
  • the mode records shown above in Table I define particular modes in terms of the various procedures performed by the surgeon. For example, the surgeon selects the "open" mode when performing the procedure of opening the patient's eye. It is also contemplated that the operating modes of system 1 are defined in terms of the different surgical functions performed during these procedures. Tables II and III, below, list exemplary modes in the anterior and posterior portions in terms of the different surgical functions.
  • Tables IV-IX below list exemplary initial operating parameters for the various modes shown in Tables II and III .
  • IV pole height 60 cm (40 cm in capsule polish mode; 50 cm in viscoelastic removal mode)
  • IOP 40 mmHg
  • Coagulation switch controls coagulation on/off
  • IV pole height 75 cm (80 cm in mode 2 and mode 4)
  • IOP 40 mmHg Lamp 1 — off Lamp 2 — off 47
  • Foot Pitch lin vac 30-100% travel fixed flow 30% travel lin max vac 30-100% travel
  • Foot Pitch lin vac 30-100% travel fixed flow 30% travel lin max vac 30-100% travel
  • Foot Pitch lin vac 5-100% travel fixed flow 5% travel lin max vac 5-100% travel
  • the user selects one of the various predefined modes described above from top level user selection tabs 415 , an example of which is shown in Fig . 27 for anterior portion operations .
  • the tabs 415 53 are positioned at the bottom of touch-responsive screen 255. Only one mode may be active at a time so computer unit 3 automatically deselects the current operating modes when the user selects one of the user selection tabs.
  • the user touches a phaco mode tab 417 for the available phacoemulsification modes.
  • flat panel display 5 initially only displays the first four modes (i.e., sculpt, segment removal, sculpt (dual) and seg removal (dual)) when the user touches the phaco modes user selection tab 417.
  • computer unit 3 In response to the user touching a tab 419 containing the arrow sy ⁇ ibol , computer unit 3 generates an additional menu of available phaco modes (i.e., fixed vacuum, linear vacuum, fixed flow and linear flow) for display on flat panel display 5.
  • the user touches a tab 421 to select the linear vacuum phaco mode from the menu.
  • Fig. 30 illustrates an exemplary screen display for the linear vacuum phaco mode. As shown, the vacuum, ultrasound (i.e., phacoemulsification) and coagulation functions are available and active in this mode.
  • computer unit 3 first identifies and initializes each of the nodes on the network (i.e., modules 13 installed in base unit 7 and control circuits 105, 107 for foot control assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17, respectively) .
  • the central processor 245 of computer unit 3 executes software which constitutes a system engine having three operational components: power-up initialization, network management and network liaison.
  • the initialization component of the system engine creates and starts the network.
  • the network management component provides binding/unbinding of network variables for modules 13 on the network to implement user-selected modes, monitors modules 13 for functionality and processes incoming messages from the network.
  • the network liaison component processes the 54 configura ion file and mode changes and notifies the user interface of display changes and error occurrences.
  • Fig. 31 illustrates the operation of computer unit 3 executing the initialization component of the system engine at power-up of system 1.
  • the system engine identifies each of the nodes on the network and creates a programming object for each node's neuron processor 225 that contains local network variables by which the user interface accesses the node.
  • the system engine initializes a network database stored in the hard drive 249 of computer unit 3.
  • each neuron processor 225 of the various nodes on the network executes embedded programs for controlling the different microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals.
  • Communications parameters represent a unique identification label specific to each processor 225 which includes information regarding the type of device being controlled (e.g., vitrectomy handpiece or ultrasound device) as well as information regarding the version of module 13 or peripheral in which the processor 225 is located.
  • the identification label also includes a specific identifier (e.g., a serial number) which is unique to the particular module 13 or control circuit 105, 107.
  • the version of a particular module 13 may change as either the hardware or software is updated.
  • the network database includes previously installed nodes in the form of specific module 13 or control circuit 105, 107 identifiers, names for the nodes which correspond to the different types of devices and names for the different programs which correspond to those nodes.
  • the network database may include information regarding a system that has each of the different types of modules 13 and peripherals which are available already installed on the network.
  • the system engine reads a set of communications parameters corresponding to the hardware
  • the system engine begins with the first module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107 for which a node is already installed in the network database and, at step 433, creates a device object in software to represent this node.
  • the system engine derives the device object from the node object providing access to the hardware. If the system engine determines at step 435 that other modules 13 or peripheral control circuits 105, 107 already have installed nodes in the network database, it returns to step 431 and proceeds to the next module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107. In this manner, the system engine creates device objects for the hardware already installed in the network database. These device objects created by the system engine contain the local network variables by which the user interface accesses the nodes.
  • the system engine After creating device objects to represent the nodes already installed in the network database, the system engine proceeds to step 437 for examining the modules 13 or peripheral control circuits 105, 107 present on the network as compared to the previously installed nodes. Proceeding to step 439, the system engine determines if there is a node installed in the network database (that is no longer present on the network) that corresponds to the same type of module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107 being examined. If so, the system engine replaces the communications parameters for the previously installed node with the communication parameters for the particular module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107 at step 441. When a replacement operation is performed, any network variable bindings are transferred to the new node.
  • the network database as well as other nodes involved in the network variable binding need not be modified.
  • the system 56 engine proceeds to step 443.
  • the system engine installs a new node with the communication parameters for the new module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107 and creates a device object to represent this new node.
  • the system engine proceeds to step 445 to determine if other modules 13 or peripheral control circuits 105, 107 are present on the network that do not already have installed nodes in the network database. If so, the system engine returns to step 437. Otherwise, the system engine proceeds to step 447.
  • the system engine removes all of the remaining nodes installed in the network database for which hardware is not present on the network. Proceeding to step 449, in the event that more than one module 13 or peripheral control circuit 105, 107 of the same type are present on the network, the system engine makes the first device object for each type active. In other words, the system engine gives priority to one of the multiple, or duplicative, modules 13 or peripheral control circuits 105, 107. Thus, if a new module 13 has been added to the configuration since the previous power-up sequence, whether it be the same type or a different type of module 13 compared to those modules 13 previously installed, system 1 automatically detects and initializes the new module 13 and reconfigures both the communication parameters and user interface.
  • system 1 automatically senses the absence of module 13 and removes any associated communication parameters and user interface functions.
  • computer unit 3 in executing the automatic network reconfiguration, allows more than one of the same type of module 13 to be installed in system 1.
  • Computer unit 3 determines primary and secondary priorities as required for identification and control via the user interface.
  • Computer unit 3 also 57 determines disallowed system configurations and instructs the user via the user interface to take appropriate action.
  • computer unit 3 initializes system 1 at power-up by configuring neuron processors 225 and creating the necessary local network variables for use by the user interface to access the network, verifying that system 1 meets certain minimum operational requirements and performing all constant network bindings.
  • Computer unit 3 also notifies the user interface of any configuration changes from the last configuration including the addition/removal of modules 13 or peripherals from system 1.
  • control of system 1 passes to the user interface.
  • computer unit 3 additionally identifies the position of the particular modules 13 within base unit 7 at power-up. Referring now to the individual components shown generally in the exemplary system configuration of Fig. 21, each module 13 installed in base unit 7 controls one or more microsurgical instruments 19 for providing several different surgical functions.
  • modules 13 include venturi IAV module 321, scroll IAV module 323, phaco module 325, scissors module 327, coagulation module 329 and illumination module 331 (also referred to as illumination module 13A with respect to Figs. 4A-4D) .
  • System 1 also includes foot control assembly 15 and IV pole assembly 17 as peripherals connected to the network of system 1.
  • Fig. 32 shows venturi IAV module 321 in block diagram form (shown in detail in Figs. 43-60) .
  • module 321 has a neuron circuit 455 connected to the network via the network connector 171 at the rear of module 321 which connects to backplane 101.
  • the neuron circuit 455 includes RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving and transmitting data over the data communications bus.
  • Neuron processor 225 coupled to transceiver 223, provides network communications control for module 321.
  • Neuron processor 225 also executes embedded application programs for controlling the irrigation, aspiration and vitrectomy functions of 58 system 1.
  • neuron circuit 455 includes a memory 457 (e.g., a flash EEPROM), for storing the application programs for IAV module 321.
  • the memory 457 stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing module 321 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 457 via the data communications bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • Neuron circuit 455 also includes a clock circuit 459 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) providing a time base for neuron 225 to operate.
  • Venturi IAV module 321 further includes a status LED 461, such as a green LED on the front panel of module 321, for indicating that the module is active, and a power regulation circuit 463 for generating a -5 volts supply for use by the circuitry.
  • neuron circuit 455 also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • neuron processors 225 may be used with coprocessors if greater processing capability is required than that provided by processor 225.
  • the particular modules 13 may include a coprocessor receiving and responsive to the control signals generated by neuron processor 225 for generating additional control signals to provide closed loop control during performance of the surgical procedures.
  • IAV module 321 includes a coprocessor circuit 465 which cooperates with a programmable logic circuit, such as an electronically programmable logic device (EPLD) 467.
  • EPLD electronically programmable logic device
  • the coprocessor circuit 465 preferably includes a coprocessor 469 (e.g., an Intel 386EX processor) and an associated memory 471 (e.g., a flash EEPROM and a static RAM), a clock circuit 473 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) for providing the clock signals used by coprocessor circuit 465, and a watchdog timer 475.
  • a coprocessor 469 e.g., an Intel 386EX processor
  • an associated memory 471 e.g., a flash EEPROM and a static RAM
  • a clock circuit 473 e.g., a crystal oscillator
  • the coprocessor 469 of coprocessor circuit 465 generates an aspiration control signal as a function of an aspiration level operating 59 parameter and provides it to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 483.
  • D/A digital-to-analog
  • the D/A converter 483 provides a parallel interface by which coprocessor 469 controls air flow through the module's venturi pump.
  • An aspiration drive 485 receives the analog output of D/A converter 483 and drives an aspiration servo valve 487 in response thereto.
  • the opening and closing of the aspiration servo valve 487 determines the air flow through the venturi and, thus, determines the vacuum level.
  • Venturi IAV module 321 preferably supports operation of a single aspiration port driven from the venturi pump located within the module.
  • the venturi pump requires an external gas/air input with pressures between, for example, 80 to 100 pounds per square inch - gauge.
  • Module 321 further includes a pressure relief valve (not shown) for preventing overpressure conditions.
  • control circuitry of module 321 provides both fixed and linear control of the aspiration vacuum level.
  • the aspiration vacuum level may range from 0 mmHg to 550 mmHg and may be varied in 1 mmHg increments.
  • the user sets all aspiration parameters via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and controls the aspiration function via foot control assembly 15.
  • venturi IAV module 321 supports gravity fed irrigation.
  • IV pole assembly 17 supports a bag of sterile saline solution which the surgeon uses to irrigate the patient's eye during surgery.
  • Module 321 includes a set of solenoid valves 493, one of which is a pinch valve 495 that prevents all fluid ingress to system 1 when it is closed.
  • Either touch- responsive screen 255 or foot control assembly 15 provides the user with fixed and on/off (open/close) control the irrigation function of venturi IAV module 321.
  • Neuron processor 225 cooperates with coprocessor 469 and a control register 496 of EPLD 467 to generate drive signals for commanding a set of solenoid drivers 497.
  • the 60 solenoid drivers 497 cause the solenoid valves 493 to open and close by the desired amount.
  • IAV module 321 includes a set of pneumatic pressure transducers 501 which provide feedback regarding the actual aspiration or irrigation pressures.
  • an aspiration transducer 503 senses the aspiration pressure level and a line pressure transducer 505 senses the irrigation pressure level.
  • An instrumentation amplifier circuit 507 associated with the line pressure transducer 505 amplifies its pressure signals before it is processed.
  • the aspiration transducer includes an internal amplifier.
  • An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 511 receives the amplified pressure signals and converts the analog pressure signals to digital values for processing by coprocessor circuit 465.
  • IAV module 321 provides closed loop control of the aspiration and irrigation functions.
  • Microsurgical ophthalmic systems typically employ a vacuum-operated aspiration system with a removable fluid collection cassette such as illustrated and described in commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 4,773,897.
  • the aspiration fluid is drawn into a cassette by connecting the aspirating instrument to the cassette which is under a vacuum or negative pressure.
  • the surgeon carrying out the microsurgical ophthalmic procedure has control of the aspiration system by, for example, foot control assembly 15 which permits the surgeon to precisely control the suction by activating a wedge shaped solenoid plunger such as shown at reference number 182 in the aforesaid patent, or the aspiration servo valve 487 as shown in Fig. 32, to block or open the suction from the cassette to the microsurgical instrument .
  • the solenoids 493 of modules 321 also include a cassette capture valve 515 and a cassette pinch valve 517.
  • the plunger (not shown) of the cassette capture valve 515 secures the cassette in position in module 321.
  • the cassette pinch valve 517 closes the aspiration line when the 61 aspiration function is not active to prevent backflow of fluid from the cassette or aspiration line to the patient's eye.
  • one of the solenoids 493 in venturi IAV module 321 is a reflux solenoid valve 519 for driving a reflux plunger, such as shown at 184 in the aforesaid patent.
  • the reflux plunger squeezes a reflux chamber associated with the cassette to force a small amount of fluid in the aspiration tube back out the passage thereby assuring that the tube stays open and unblocked.
  • a different amount of reflux is required, for example, if an anterior or posterior procedure is being carried out. It is important that a cassette being used for a posterior procedure use a cassette which provides much less of an amount of reflux than is the case with a cassette used for an anterior procedure.
  • An advantageous feature of system 1 automatically detects and differentiates between a posterior, or micro-reflux, cassette and an anterior cassette. This feature prevents the user from inadvertently installing and using the wrong reflux cassette for a given procedure.
  • the user interface indicates this error visually and/or audibly and prevents system 1 from being activated with an incorrect cassette installed.
  • each cassette carries a particular color.
  • the color-bearing means carried by each cassette is a coupler member, or insert, such as illustrated at 150 in the aforesaid patent.
  • the color- bearing means is positioned adjacent a cassette present sensor 525 which generates a signal indicating the presence of the cassette.
  • the cassette present sensor 525 is embodied by a photoelectric color sensor, e.g., an infrared light source in a photoelectric circuit, such as that sold by Tri-Tronics Co., Inc. of Tampa, Florida under its model number F4.
  • the yellow color will reflect the infrared light and the blue will absorb it thus differentiating a cassette for one particular procedure from another for a different procedure.
  • cassette present sensor detects the presence of the cassette as a function of the color of the color-bearing means.
  • cassette present sensor 525 provides a signal to computer unit 3 for informing the user of the incorrect cassette by first providing a signal to a status register 527 of EPLD 467.
  • EPLD 467 and coprocessor circuit 465 provide the signal to neuron circuit 455 for communication back to computer unit 3.
  • module 321 also includes cassette level sensors 529 for generating an almost full and a full signal for notifying the user via the user interface that the cassette should be changed.
  • a priming function available to the user via the user interface allows the user to prime the surgical handpieces by opening and closing the irrigation pinch valve 495 and by removing air from the aspiration line.
  • This function also 63 allows the user to eject the aspiration collection cassette by selecting an ejection option.
  • venturi IAV module 321 also supports the vitrectomy function of system 1.
  • venturi IAV module 321 includes a vitrectomy port to which a vitrectomy cutter is connected.
  • module 321 controls the vitrectomy cutter so that it provides three types of cutting action: linear cut rate; fixed cut rate; and single cut.
  • the linear cut rate may range from 30 to 750 cuts per minute and may vary in 1 cut per minute increments.
  • the user sets the cut rate via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and controls the cut rate via foot control assembly 15.
  • the user may also program the fixed cut rate to provide 30 to 750 cuts per minute in 1 cut per minute increments. In this instance, the user sets the fixed cut rate via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and changes the fixed cut rate via foot control assembly 15.
  • the single cut is provided with fixed, on/off control. When a single cut is enabled
  • the vitrectomy cutter will close/open one time with a single activation.
  • the user selects the single cut via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39, or foot control assembly 15 and activates the cut via foot control assembly 15.
  • the vitrectomy cutter attached to venturi IAV module 321 is driven from the external air/gas input which is also used to drive the venturi pump.
  • EPLD 467 preferably includes a vitrectomy timer 533 for performing the timing functions necessary for setting the vitrectomy cutter's cut rate.
  • Solenoid drivers 497 drive a vitrectomy solenoid 535 as a function of the timing signal from the vitrectomy timer 533 for controlling vitrectomy cutting.
  • system 1 includes scroll IAV module 323 in addition to or instead of IAV module 321.
  • scroll IAV module 323 uses a scroll pump (not shown) , rather than a venturi pump, to 64 provide the irrigation and aspiration functions.
  • the scroll pump of scroll IAV module 323 can function as a venturi aspiration system (i.e., vacuum control) or as a scroll aspiration system (i.e., flow control) .
  • module 323 operates in conjunction with a disposable scroll cassette which includes the scroll pump, pinch valve openings for controlling irrigation, aspiration, venting and calibration, a transducer diaphragm, and a collection reservoir.
  • the scroll cassette also includes the irrigation line, the aspiration line, and the collection reservoir at the front of the cassette housing.
  • the user loads the scroll cassette into a retractable drawer located on the front of module 323. Once loaded, the scroll cassette is engaged and disengaged to the drive and control systems of module 323 via touch-responsive screen 255.
  • scroll IAV module 323 retracts, or engages, the cassette or extends, or disengages, the cassette when commanded via an entry to touch-responsive screen 255.
  • the aspiration portion of scroll IAV module 323 drives a single aspiration port which provides either vacuum or flow control of aspiration.
  • the vacuum aspiration function provides vacuum levels from 0 mmHg to 550 mmHg in 1 mmHg increments and the flow aspiration function provides flow rates from 1 cc/min to 60 cc/min in 1 cc/min increments.
  • the user sets the aspiration operating parameters via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and changes them via foot control assembly 15.
  • the irrigation portion of scroll IAV module 323 also supports gravity- fed irrigation similar to venturi IAV module 321. In contrast to venturi IAV module 321, though, module 323 does not include pinch valve 495.
  • scroll IAV module 323 provides irrigation control via the disposable scroll cassette in combination with a solenoid plunger inside module 323.
  • the user has fixed, on/off (open/close) control of the irrigation 65 function of scroll IAV module 323 via touch-responsive screen 255 or foot control assembly 15.
  • scroll IAV module 323 Similar to venturi IAV module 321, scroll IAV module 323 also supports the vitrectomy function of system 1. However, a pneumatic pump located inside module 323 drives the vitrectomy cutter attached to scroll IAV module 323 instead of the external air/gas input to venturi IAV module 321.
  • Figs. 147 and 148 illustrate a preferred pressure sensing circuit for use with scroll IAV module 323 in schematic diagram form.
  • phacoemulsification and phacofragmentation module (phaco) 325 (shown in detail in Figs. 26A-26T) is a self-contained module which delivers, for example, up to 35 watts of phaco power into 5000 ohms at a frequency of 29 ⁇ 2 kHz to a phaco output port 537 to which a phacoemulsification and/or phacofragmentation handpiece 539 is connected.
  • phaco module 325 supports both linear and pulsed operation.
  • the linear phaco function provides continuous phaco power which the user may program to range from 0% to 100% of maximum 1% increments.
  • the surgeon activates the linear phaco output at the minimum programmed phaco power level by depressing the center foot pedal of foot control assembly 15 and then increases it to the maximum programmed output level as a function of linear foot pedal travel. In this instance, linear phaco power ramps up from zero at a fixed linear rate.
  • the user sets the output levels via touch- responsive screen 255, remote control 39, or foot control assembly 15 and controls the linear phaco function via foot control assembly 15.
  • the pulsed phaco function provides phaco power for programmed, finite time durations (e.g., periodic).
  • Module 325 provides the user with fixed, on/off power control which the user may set at 1% to 100% of maximum in 1% increments. The user then may program the pulsed output control to provide between 1 to 20 pulses per second in 1 pulse per second increments.
  • the user sets the output power level and pulse rate via touch-responsive screen 255 and controls them via foot control assembly 15.
  • phaco module 325 has a neuron circuit 541 connected to the network via the network connector 171 at the rear of module 325 which connects to backplane 101.
  • the neuron circuit 541 includes RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving and transmitting data over the data communications bus.
  • Neuron processor 225 coupled to transceiver 223, provides network communications control for module 325.
  • Neuron processor 225 also executes embedded application programs stored in a memory 543 (e.g., a flash EEPROM) for controlling the phacoemulsi ication and phacofragmentation functions of system 1.
  • the memory 543 also stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing module 325 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 543 via the data communications bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • Neuron circuit 541 also includes a clock circuit 545 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) providing a time base for neuron 225 to operate.
  • Phaco module 325 similar to IAV module 321, includes a power regulation or voltage reference circuit 546 for generating a ⁇ 5 volts and 4 volts supplies for use by the circuitry.
  • neuron circuit 541 also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3 and a status LED for indicating that module 325 is active.
  • phaco module 325 also includes a coprocessor circuit 547 which cooperates with an EPLD 549.
  • the coprocessor circuit 547 preferably includes a coprocessor 551 (e.g., an Intel 386EX processor) and an associated memory 553 (e.g., a flash EEPROM and a static RAM), a clock circuit 555 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) and a watchdog 557.
  • the EPLD 549 has a pulse timer 559 for providing clock signals used to a frequency generator 561 (e.g., sine wave generator) .
  • the coprocessor 551 of 67 coprocessor circuit 545 cooperates with EPLD 547 to provide control signals to the frequency generator 561 for generating a programmable frequency for the pulsed phaco output.
  • a phaco drive circuit 563 uses the programmable frequency generated by frequency generator 561 to drive the phaco output 537.
  • phaco module 325 includes a boost regulator 565 for maintaining the rail voltage provided to the phaco drive 563 at 3 volts, for example, greater than the commanded phaco voltage level . This prevents excessive power dissipation in phaco drive 563.
  • Phaco module 325 also includes a monitor circuit 567 for monitoring not only the boost voltage but also the phase of the phaco power.
  • the monitor circuit 567 also provides an overcurrent detector for preventing overcurrent conditions in phaco module 325.
  • phaco module 325 also includes a probe present circuit 571 for detecting the presence of handpiece 539 connected to phaco output 537.
  • Coprocessor circuit 547 and EPLD 549 combine the output of the probe present circuit with shutdown signals generated by monitor circuit 567 to drive a relay control 575.
  • the relay control 575 disables the phaco drive 563 in the event of undesirable operating conditions.
  • scissors module 327 (shown in detail in Figs. 89-103) preferably provides system 1 with not only a scissors function but also air/fluid exchange and forceps functions.
  • module 327 supports an electrically driven port 579 which module 327 controls with respect to the user-selected operating mode and the operating parameters of a scissor/forceps handpiece connected to the port 579.
  • Scissors module 327 preferably provides the scissors/forceps function with a linear cut rate, a fixed cut rate, a single actuation and a proportional actuation. 68
  • the user may program scissors module 327 to provide a linear cut rate between 30 and 300 cuts per minute in one cut per minute increments via touch-responsive screen 255 or foot control assembly 15.
  • the surgeon controls the actual cutter rate via foot control assembly 15.
  • the user may also program module 327 to provide a fixed cut rate between 30 and 300 cuts per minute in one cut per minute increments via touch-responsive screen 255 or foot control assembly 15 with foot control assembly 15 providing on/off control.
  • the user may also program module 327 to provide a single cut, or an individual scissors/forceps cycle. The surgeon preferably activates the single cut via foot control assembly 15. The proportional actuation function closes the scissors handpiece by a certain percentage.
  • scissors module 327 may provide proportional actuation from 0% to 100% of closure in 25% closure increments wherein touch-responsive screen 255 and foot control assembly 15 provide the user with linear control.
  • scissors module 327 has a neuron circuit 583 connected to the network via the network connector 171 at the rear of module 327 which connects to backplane 101.
  • the neuron circuit 583 includes RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving and transmitting data over the data communications bus coupled to neuron processor 225.
  • neuron processor 225 also executes an embedded application program stored in a memory 585 (e.g., a flash EEPROM) for controlling the scissors/forceps and air/fluid exchange functions of system 1.
  • a memory 585 e.g., a flash EEPROM
  • the memory 585 also stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing module 327 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 585 via the data communication bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • Neuron circuit 583 also includes a watchdog timer circuit 587 and a clock circuit 589.
  • neuron 69 circuit 585 also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • scissors module 327 includes an EPLD 595 for use with the neuron processor 225 of neuron circuit 585 for controlling the scissor/forceps handpiece as a function of the user-entered operating parameters.
  • the EPLD 595 is a drive selector for selecting either a solenoid drive 597 or a DC motor drive 599 for driving handpiece port 579. In this manner, scissors module 327 is able to drive two types of scissors instruments.
  • scissors module 327 also includes pneumatic controls 605 for providing the air/fluid exchange function.
  • the pneumatic controls drive three solenoid valves for controlling charging, exhausting and holding of the IOP.
  • the air/fluid exchange portion of module 327 supports a single air port (not shown) driven by a pneumatic pump which is part of the pneumatic controls 605.
  • the pump supports air pressures up to 100 mmHg in 1 mrriHg increments at flow rates up to five standard cubic feet per hour.
  • the user controls the air/fluid exchange port via touch-responsive screen 255 or foot control assembly 15.
  • Scissors module 327 further includes a status LED 611, such as a green LED on the front panel of module 327, for indicating that the module is active and a handpiece detector circuit 613 for detecting the presence of a scissors handpiece connected to port 579.
  • neuron circuit also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • module 327 is equipped with a pneumatic receiver and shut-off valve 70 to give the user adequate time to respond to the failure condition.
  • bipolar coagulation module 329 (shown in detail in Figs. 104-113) is a self-contained module which supports a single bipolar output 625.
  • the bipolar output delivers up to 7.5 watts of bipolar power into 100 ohms.
  • module 329 controls the port to provide either a fixed bipolar function or a linear bipolar function.
  • the user may program bipolar coagulation module 329 to provide fixed bipolar power between 2% to 100% of maximum in 1% increments.
  • the bipolar output is preferably activated at the programmed output power level via a momentary contact (push-button) switch on foot control assembly 15. The bipolar output remains activated as long as the push-button remains depressed.
  • the user sets the output level via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and changes the setting via a push-button on foot control assembly 15.
  • the user may program module 329 to provide linear bipolar power between 2% to 100% of maximum and may vary the power level in 1% increments.
  • the bipolar output is preferably activated at the minimum programmed output power level when the surgeon depresses the center foot pedal of foot control assembly 15 and then increases to the maximum programmed output power level as a function of linear foot pedal travel.
  • the user sets the output level via touch-responsive screen 255, remote control 39 or foot control assembly 15 and controls the level via foot control assembly 15.
  • coagulation module 329 has a neuron circuit 627 connected to the network via the network connector 171 at the rear of module 329 which connects to backplane 101.
  • the neuron circuit 627 includes RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving and transmitting data over the data communications bus.
  • Neuron processor 225 coupled to transceiver 223, provides network communications control for module 329.
  • Neuron processor 225 also executes an embedded application program for controlling the bipolar 71 coagulation function of system 1.
  • neuron circuit 627 includes a memory 629 (e.g., a flash EEPROM), for storing the application program for coagulation module 329.
  • the memory 629 stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing module 329 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 629 via the data communication bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • Neuron circuit 627 also includes a clock circuit 631 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) providing a time base for neuron 225 to operate.
  • neuron circuit 627 also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • Coagulation module 329 also includes an EPLD 635, for use with the neuron processor 225 of neuron circuit 627 for controlling the bipolar coagulation device as a function of the user-entered operating parameters.
  • the EPLD 635 includes a control logic circuit 637 for generating an enable signal to enable coagulation, an activity monitor 639 to monitor bipolar output voltage and output activity
  • Bipolar coagulation module 329 further includes an overvoltage detector 645 for interrupting power to the bipolar output 625 in the event of an excessive or unwanted output condition.
  • the overvoltage detector 645 also communicates with the network via neuron processor 225 and transceiver 223 for signaling an alarm to the user of the undesirable output condition.
  • the neuron processor 225 of neuron circuit 627 in combination with EPLD 635 enable a set of pre-drivers 649 in the proper phase sequence and, in turn, a set of power drivers 651 provide power to bipolar output 625.
  • coagulation module 329 also includes an isolation and impedance matching network 653 for conditioning the output of power drivers 651. 72
  • Fig. 35 also illustrates a status LED 657 which, as described above, is preferably a green LED positioned on the front panel of module 329 for indicating to the user that coagulation module 329 is active.
  • Module 329 also includes power fusing and filtering circuitry 659 to prevent overcurrent conditions and to reduce noise.
  • illumination module 331 (shown in detail in Figs. 114-125, is a self-contained module having at least two lamps, such as a first lamp 665 and a second lamp 667, for providing light to corresponding illumination ports at the front of module 331.
  • the user connects a fiber optic illumination instrument, such as the endo-illuminator to one or both of the ports for use by the surgeon in illuminating the posterior portion of a patient's eye during surgery.
  • module 331 provides individual control over the light supplied to each of the ports by lamps 665, 667, they may be used simultaneously if desired. Further, module 331 provides independent control of the intensity of the light provided at the ports. The user is able to select high
  • illumination module 331 has a neuron circuit 671 connected to the network via the network connector 171 at the rear of module 331 which connects to backplane 101.
  • the neuron circuit 671 includes RS485 transceiver 223 and neuron processor 225.
  • Neuron processor 225 executes network communications control as well the application program for controlling the illumination function of system 1.
  • neuron circuit 671 includes a memory 673 (e.g., a flash EEPROM), for storing the application program for illumination module 331.
  • the memory 673 stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing module 331 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 673 via the data communication bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • Neuron 73 circuit 671 also includes a clock circuit 675 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) for providing the clock signals used by neuron circuit 671, and a watchdog timer 676. Although not shown in Fig. 36, neuron circuit 671 also includes another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • a clock circuit 675 e.g., a crystal oscillator
  • watchdog timer 676 e.g., a watchdog timer
  • the neuron processor 225 of neuron circuit 671 provides an on/off signal to a first power relay 677 for lamp 665 and an on/off signal to a second power relay 679 for lamp 667.
  • the relays 677, 679 connect a 12 volt supply 681 (provided via backplane 101 from power module 103) to a first lamp driver circuit 683 and/or a second lamp driver circuit 685, respectively, for firing either or both lamp 665 and lamp 667.
  • lamp drivers 683, 685 provide feedback to neuron circuit 671 regarding the status of lamps 665, 667.
  • neuron circuit 671 also provides serial data representative of the desired intensity to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 697 to vary the intensity of the light provided by lamp 667.
  • D/A converter 697 then provides an analog intensity signal to a dimmer driver circuit 699 which in turn controls a dimmer circuit 701 as a function of the serial data input to D/A converter 697 for varying the intensity level of lamp 667.
  • illumination module 331 also includes a status LED 705, such as a green LED at the 74 front of module 331 for indicating that module 331 is active.
  • Module 331 also provides a cooling system 707, such as a fan, which is responsive to the neuron processor 225 of neuron circuit 671 for dissipating excessive heat inside module 331 which might damage its components.
  • system 1 also supports peripherals selected from the following: remote foot control assembly 15; instrument cart 21 with automated IV pole assembly 17; expansion base unit 207; and hand-held IR remote control unit 39.
  • foot control assembly 15 provides the surgeon with remote control of at least one microsurgical instrument 19 during performance of the surgical procedures.
  • the user may be the surgeon, often a nurse or other person in the operating room provides input directly to the user interface of system 1.
  • foot control assembly 15 provides the primary interface between the surgeon and the microsurgical system 1.
  • the surgeon can control a number of the functions provided by system 1 as well as change operating modes from foot control assembly 15.
  • Fig. 37 illustrates control circuit 105 according to one preferred embodiment of the invention for controlling foot control assembly 15.
  • the foot control circuit 105 (shown in detail in Figs. 126-136) provides network communication and controls the operation of foot control assembly 15 as a function of at least one operating parameter.
  • foot control circuit 105 has a neuron circuit 717 that includes RS485 transceiver 223 for receiving and transmitting data over the data communications bus.
  • Neuron processor 225 coupled to transceiver 223, provides network communications control for foot control circuit 105.
  • foot control assembly 15, as controlled by foot control circuit 105 is functionally equivalent to modules 13.
  • foot control circuit 105 is also 75 connected to the data communications bus which provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and foot control circuit 105.
  • the data communications bus also provides peer-to-peer communication between foot control circuit 105 and surgical modules 13.
  • foot control circuit 105 is responsive to the surgeon's instructions via foot control assembly 15 for changing the operating parameters of microsurgical instruments 19 via the network.
  • the transceiver 223 of neuron circuit 717 is connected to the data communications bus via a data cable (not shown) which connects to the connector 157 on the back of backplane 101.
  • IV pole assembly 17 provides a jumper to which foot control circuit 105 connects.
  • a power input 721 provides power to foot control circuit 105 and a voltage regulator, such as a VCC generator 723, provides the necessary logic voltages for the circuit.
  • Fig. 37 further illustrates a brake drive circuit 725 connected to a magnetic particle brake 727 for providing detents in foot pedal travel.
  • the neuron circuit 717 also includes a memory 731 (e.g., a flash EEPROM) for storing an application program for foot control circuit 105.
  • a memory 731 e.g., a flash EEPROM
  • neuron processor 225 cooperates with an EPLD 735, to execute the embedded application program for controlling foot control assembly 15.
  • the memory 731 stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing foot control circuit 105 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 731 via the data communication bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • neuron circuit 717 also includes an RS485 transceiver 739 for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • foot control assembly 15 comprises a center foot pedal, a single rocker switch, and two separate push-button switches (see Fig. 231) .
  • Pitch and 76 yaw movements of the center pedal preferably provide system 1 with dual linear and on/off controls. Each of these controls are fully programmable with respect to function and control parameters (i.e., range, mode, and the like) .
  • the EPLD 735 receives information from the various switches 743 and receives information regarding the travel of the center pedal via a pitch encoder 745 and a yaw encoder 747.
  • EPLD 735 provides switch decoding, quadrature decoding/multiplying and brake strength encoding.
  • EPLD 735 Due to the limited number of inputs available to neuron 225, EPLD 735 provides decoding of the switch signals provided by switches 743. Further, pitch and yaw encoders 745, 747 each provide two quadrature signals to represent the amount and direction of travel of the foot pedal. EPLD 735 decodes these signals for use by the neuron 225 of neuron circuit 717. Additionally, EPLD 735 encodes brake strength signals generated by neuron 225 for use by the brake drive circuit 725. As an example, the center pedal of foot control assembly 15 provides approximately 15° of up and down movement in the pitch, or vertical, direction. Within this range of movement, the user may program two detent positions.
  • foot control assembly 15 provides linear control as a function of relative foot pedal displacement (e.g., 0° to 15° down corresponds to 0% to 100% output) and provides fixed control as a function of absolute foot pedal displacement (e.g., 0° 77 to 10° down corresponds to off while 10° to 15° corresponds to on) .
  • the center foot pedal provides approximately ⁇ 10° of left/right movement.
  • the pedal has a center detent and, when released, returns to a home (center) position.
  • the user may program the yaw movement to provide linear or on/off control for all applicable surgical functions.
  • the pedal provides linear control as a function of relative foot pedal displacement (e.g., 0° to 10° left corresponds to 0% to 100% output) and provides fixed on/off control as a function of absolute foot pedal displacement (e.g., moving to the left (right) of the center detent corresponds to on (off) ) .
  • the rocker switch is a two-position switch located to the right of the center foot pedal of foot control assembly 15. When released, the rocker switch returns to an off (center) position. Functionally, the user may program the rocker switch to provide up/down, increment/decrement , or on/off controls for all applicable surgical functions (e.g., phacoemulsification and phacofragmentation power levels, bipolar power levels, aspiration levels, and the like) .
  • the two push-button switches of foot control assembly are preferably located opposite the rocker switch to the left of the center foot pedal. In a preferred embodiment, one of the switches is dedicated to bipolar output control, while the user may program the other switch to control one of the surgical functions. When released, the push-button switches return to an off (up) position.
  • system 1 also includes IV pole assembly 17 having the control circuit 107 (shown in detail in Figs. 137-146) for controlling a motor 753 to raise and lower the IV pole of IV pole assembly 17.
  • the IV pole control circuit 107 provides network communication and controls the operation of IV pole assembly 17 as a function of at least one operating parameter.
  • IV pole control circuit 107 has a neuron circuit 755 that includes RS485 transceiver 223 and neuron processor 225, coupled to transceiver 223. As such, the neuron circuit 755 provides network communications control for IV pole control circuit 107.
  • IV pole assembly 17, as controlled by IV pole control circuit 107 is functionally equivalent to modules 13.
  • IV pole control circuit 107 is also connected to the data communications bus which provides communication of data representative of the operating parameters between the user interface and IV pole control circuit 107.
  • Neuron circuit 755 also includes a clock circuit 757 (e.g., a crystal oscillator) providing a time base for neuron 225 to operate.
  • a power input 759 preferably from base unit 7, provides power to IV pole control circuit 107.
  • the neuron circuit 755 also includes a memory 763 (e.g., a flash EEPROM) for storing an application program for IV pole control circuit 107.
  • neuron processor 225 executes the embedded application program for controlling a motor drive circuit 765 as a function of the operating parameters of IV pole assembly 17.
  • the memory 763 stores the configuration and identification data for use in initializing IV pole control circuit 107 on the network.
  • central processor 245 is able to reprogram memory 763 via the data communication bus in response to the information provided by the user.
  • neuron circuit 755 also includes a watchdog timer and another RS485 transceiver for receiving a reset signal from computer unit 3.
  • IV pole assembly 17 is an integrated part of instrumentation cart 21 and is used to position, for example, two 500 cc containers of fluid up to 100 cm above 79 cart 21.
  • an IV pole of IV pole assembly 15 is able to travel up or down at a rate of 6 cm/sec and has a positioning resolution of 1 cm and a positioning repeatability of 2 cm.
  • a pair of limit switches 767 provide feedback to neuron circuit 755 regarding the height of the IV pole. For example, if the IV pole reaches its maximum allowed height, one limit switch 767 instructs neuron circuit 755 to discontinue causing motor 753 to drive the pole up. Likewise, if the pole reaches its minimum height, the other limit switch 767 instructs neuron circuit 755 to discontinue causing motor 753 to drive the pole down. In an alternative embodiment, a single limit switch 767 senses when the IV pole reaches its minimum height. In this embodiment, the motor 753 is a stepper motor and neuron 225 counts the number of steps to determine when the pole reaches its maximum height.
  • Fig. 39 illustrates power module 103 in block diagram form.
  • power module 103 includes a power inlet 771 receiving AC power.
  • an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 773 conditions the power before a switchable power supply circuit 775 generates the DC voltages used by the various modules 13 installed in base unit 7.
  • a switching circuit 779 then provides these voltages to backplane 101 via a backplane connector (such as connector 171).
  • power module 103 includes an interlock switch 783, preferably located in the opening 197 shown in Fig. 9, which is normally open to interrupt power from being supplied to the power bus of backplane 101.
  • the post 195 extends into the opening 197 to close interlock switch 783. In this manner, system 1 provides a reset condition each time the modules 13 are changed and prevents the user from coming into contact with the backplane 101 when it is energized. 80
  • Power module 103 also includes a status LED 787 indicating its active status and a fan 789 for preventing overheating within the module.
  • the attached microfiche appendix is a program listing of the software for system 1.
  • computer unit 3 executes the software listed in the microfiche appendix for providing the user interface and network management features of the invention.
  • neuron processors 225 execute the software listed in the appendix for controlling the various microsurgical instruments 19 and peripherals.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
EP97941377A 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Numerische tastatur die auf einem berührungsempfindlichen schirm simuliert wird Ceased EP1006894A4 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07123035A EP1925274A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Auf einem Berührungsbildschirm nachgebildete numerische Tastatur

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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US2549896P 1996-08-29 1996-08-29
US25498P 1996-08-29
US72139196A 1996-09-26 1996-09-26
US721391 1996-09-26
PCT/US1997/015197 WO1998008448A1 (en) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Numeric keypad simulated on touchscreen

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EP07123035A Division EP1925274A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Auf einem Berührungsbildschirm nachgebildete numerische Tastatur

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EP1006894A1 EP1006894A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP1006894A4 true EP1006894A4 (de) 2004-04-14

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EP97938540A Expired - Lifetime EP0955984B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-22 Frequenz- und leistungsregelunganordnung mit doppelkreis
EP97939636A Ceased EP0955899A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fussteuerung für mikrochirurgische systeme
EP06009956A Withdrawn EP1704839A1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches Modul mit neuralem Kommunikationschip
EP97940679A Expired - Lifetime EP0949881B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches handstück
EP07123035A Withdrawn EP1925274A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Auf einem Berührungsbildschirm nachgebildete numerische Tastatur
EP97940684A Expired - Lifetime EP1006892B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches system mit automatischer rekonfigurierung
EP97940683A Expired - Lifetime EP0929263B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Mikrochirurgisches system mit einer vielzahl von chirurgischen funktionen
EP05075313A Withdrawn EP1550405A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fusssteuerung für mikrochirurgische Systeme
EP97941377A Ceased EP1006894A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Numerische tastatur die auf einem berührungsempfindlichen schirm simuliert wird
EP97940672A Withdrawn EP1006891A1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 System für die augenmikrochirurgie
EP05075314A Withdrawn EP1550406A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fusssteuerung für mikrochirurgische Systeme
EP97941376A Ceased EP1006893A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgishes modul mit neuralem kommunikationschip
EP97939657A Ceased EP0951241A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Ophtalmisches mikrochirurgisches system wobei ein flash eeprom reprogrammierbare module verwendet werden

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EP97938540A Expired - Lifetime EP0955984B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-22 Frequenz- und leistungsregelunganordnung mit doppelkreis
EP97939636A Ceased EP0955899A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fussteuerung für mikrochirurgische systeme
EP06009956A Withdrawn EP1704839A1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches Modul mit neuralem Kommunikationschip
EP97940679A Expired - Lifetime EP0949881B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches handstück
EP07123035A Withdrawn EP1925274A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Auf einem Berührungsbildschirm nachgebildete numerische Tastatur
EP97940684A Expired - Lifetime EP1006892B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgisches system mit automatischer rekonfigurierung
EP97940683A Expired - Lifetime EP0929263B1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Mikrochirurgisches system mit einer vielzahl von chirurgischen funktionen
EP05075313A Withdrawn EP1550405A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fusssteuerung für mikrochirurgische Systeme

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97940672A Withdrawn EP1006891A1 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 System für die augenmikrochirurgie
EP05075314A Withdrawn EP1550406A3 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Fusssteuerung für mikrochirurgische Systeme
EP97941376A Ceased EP1006893A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Chirurgishes modul mit neuralem kommunikationschip
EP97939657A Ceased EP0951241A4 (de) 1996-08-29 1997-08-28 Ophtalmisches mikrochirurgisches system wobei ein flash eeprom reprogrammierbare module verwendet werden

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EP (13) EP0955984B1 (de)
JP (11) JP4094063B2 (de)
CN (10) CN1182818C (de)
AU (10) AU724661B2 (de)
BR (5) BR9711275A (de)
CA (9) CA2264663C (de)
DE (4) DE69728793T2 (de)
ES (4) ES2222518T3 (de)
WO (11) WO1998008479A1 (de)

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AU723523B2 (en) 2000-08-31
CA2264663A1 (en) 1998-03-05
JP2001522254A (ja) 2001-11-13
DE69731225T2 (de) 2005-03-03
ES2252792T3 (es) 2006-05-16
WO1998008450A1 (en) 1998-03-05
WO1998008448A1 (en) 1998-03-05
CA2264041A1 (en) 1998-03-05
CA2264040A1 (en) 1998-03-05
ES2222518T3 (es) 2005-02-01
JP2001522255A (ja) 2001-11-13
EP0955984A1 (de) 1999-11-17
JP4094063B2 (ja) 2008-06-04
AU723513B2 (en) 2000-08-31
EP0955984A4 (de) 2001-02-21
WO1998008445A1 (en) 1998-03-05
EP1006892A4 (de) 2006-01-11
EP0949881A4 (de) 2001-04-11
CN1235535A (zh) 1999-11-17
JP2007260417A (ja) 2007-10-11
CA2263975C (en) 2002-04-02
WO1998008447A1 (en) 1998-03-05
EP1550405A2 (de) 2005-07-06
AU714226B2 (en) 1999-12-23
AU4084097A (en) 1998-03-19
BR9711275A (pt) 2001-10-16
JP4551423B2 (ja) 2010-09-29
CA2264145A1 (en) 1998-03-05
WO1998008451A1 (en) 1998-03-05
AU4167897A (en) 1998-03-19
CN1235530A (zh) 1999-11-17
AU4240197A (en) 1998-03-19
EP1006892A1 (de) 2000-06-14
CN1154440C (zh) 2004-06-23
CN1235528A (zh) 1999-11-17
EP1704839A1 (de) 2006-09-27
ES2326603T3 (es) 2009-10-15
AU724661B2 (en) 2000-09-28
JP2001522253A (ja) 2001-11-13
CN1231589A (zh) 1999-10-13
EP0929263A4 (de) 2002-08-28
CN1235531A (zh) 1999-11-17
EP0955899A1 (de) 1999-11-17
CA2263975A1 (en) 1998-03-05
CA2264041C (en) 2002-08-06
DE69734592D1 (de) 2005-12-15
BR9711287A (pt) 2001-10-30
EP0949881A1 (de) 1999-10-20
AU4169297A (en) 1998-03-19
AU4093997A (en) 1998-03-19
CN1236309A (zh) 1999-11-24
CN1235527A (zh) 1999-11-17
CN1251507A (zh) 2000-04-26
WO1998008449A1 (en) 1998-03-05
EP1925274A2 (de) 2008-05-28
JP2002510980A (ja) 2002-04-09
JP2010088916A (ja) 2010-04-22
DE69731225D1 (de) 2004-11-18
EP0955899A4 (de) 2002-11-06
EP0949881B1 (de) 2004-10-13
EP0951241A4 (de) 2002-08-28
JP2000515050A (ja) 2000-11-14
JP2001522256A (ja) 2001-11-13
DE69734592T2 (de) 2006-08-10
ES2231888T3 (es) 2005-05-16
CN1149959C (zh) 2004-05-19
CA2264738A1 (en) 1998-03-05
DE69728793T2 (de) 2004-09-23
CA2264663C (en) 2004-11-09
EP1006894A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP1006892B1 (de) 2009-06-03
EP0955984B1 (de) 2004-04-21
CN1161078C (zh) 2004-08-11
CA2264659A1 (en) 1998-03-05
AU4240497A (en) 1998-03-19
CN1132555C (zh) 2003-12-31
CA2264040C (en) 2003-02-11
CN1515235A (zh) 2004-07-28
CA2264103C (en) 2002-04-30
EP1006891A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP0929263A1 (de) 1999-07-21
AU4239497A (en) 1998-03-19
AU4240597A (en) 1998-03-19
AU4169397A (en) 1998-03-19
JP2001522257A (ja) 2001-11-13
EP1006893A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP0929263B1 (de) 2005-11-09
CN1148151C (zh) 2004-05-05
DE69739442D1 (de) 2009-07-16
CA2264036A1 (en) 1998-03-05
AU723829B2 (en) 2000-09-07
JP2002510981A (ja) 2002-04-09
JP2002509454A (ja) 2002-03-26
AU723086B2 (en) 2000-08-17
AU723587B2 (en) 2000-08-31
BR9711274A (pt) 2001-12-11
EP0951241A1 (de) 1999-10-27
CA2264659C (en) 2003-08-05
CN1146363C (zh) 2004-04-21
CN1168420C (zh) 2004-09-29
AU4329997A (en) 1998-03-19
EP1550406A2 (de) 2005-07-06

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