Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
  • F42B12/367—Projectiles fragmenting upon impact without the use of explosives, the fragments creating a wounding or lethal effect
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
  • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
  • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
  • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

• the invention relates to projectiles or warheads for fighting targets, in particular armored targets, with an internal arrangement for the dynamic formation of expansion zones and for achieving large lateral effects.
• the aim is to achieve the most extensive possible effect (lateral effect) to increase efficiency. This is particularly the case with projectiles against flying targets such as Fixed-wing aircraft, unarmored helicopters or missiles are necessary, which from the end ballistic point of view belong to the easier target classes.
• EP 0 343 389 A1 describes the projectile core of a driving mirror projectile, which consists of a relatively brittle projectile core middle part, into which a relatively ductile projectile core mandrel is inserted, the rear end of which in the projectile core rear part and the front end is anchored in a bullet core tip.
• a frangible tungsten is preferably proposed, while the projectile core mandrel consists of a ductile tungsten, hard metal or other endballistic material.
• the relatively brittle middle section of the projectile core already disintegrates when it penetrates the first target plate of a multilayer armor, while the ductile projectile core mandrel does not fragment during the penetration process, but rather successively penetrates the subsequent target plates and continuously degrades in length or mass.
• the relatively thin and therefore low-mass part of the projectile is just not suitable for achieving a greater depth effect or for penetrating deep targets with a continuous lateral effect.
• the densities of the brittle projectile core middle section and the ductile projectile core mandrel are almost the same. A high lateral effect of the splinters in connection with penetration of multilayer target plates is therefore not given.
• WO 92/15836 AI discloses a spin-stabilized, armor-piercing, splinter-generating projectile which is formed from a projectile casing with a material of high density and a front head piece made of the same material, in which the disassembly of the projectile casing mechanically with the aid of a prestressed heavy material , which is located in a blind hole in the rear part of the shell and is pre-notched in the shell structure.
• tungsten powder As a compressed Filling material is suggested tungsten powder. This solution is no more effective on relatively thin targets than it is on deep targets. Also, an effective final ballistic compression cannot be achieved due to the powdery filler.
• EP 0 238 818 AI describes a swirl-stabilized sabot projectile which consists of a hollow splinter jacket which is closed at the rear and front and a projectile tip attached to it.
• An inert powder with a density of at least 10 g / cm 3 is proposed as the filling material.
• the splinter jacket has predetermined breaking points that determine the size of the individual splinters.
• the fragment jacket is said to fragment after penetrating the projectile and to disintegrate into individual effective fragments.
• the powdered tungsten filling is ejected after penetration due to the rotation of the bullet.
• the invention is based primarily on the centrifugal forces of a swirl bullet and, not least because of the natural cavities, the tungsten powder will not adequately disassemble the surrounding thick jacket in the radial direction despite pre-fragmentation .
• the powder filling is intended as a substitute for an explosive and fire charge, whereby the high density is said to have direct ballistic effects.
• JP 08061898 A A further disassembly principle for achieving a lateral effect is proposed in the publication (JP 08061898 A), in which a reactive metal is arranged in a metal cylinder, which reacts thermally chemically with air and water when the armor-piercing ammunition collides with an object.
• a "quasi" explosive fire effect should be brought about by the special metal reaction in order to achieve a strong radial destructive force.
• a non-armor-piercing method of achieving an increased lateral effect with a projectile after hitting or penetrating a target is known from DE 28 39 372 AI, in which a projectile for hunting purposes is proposed which consists of a solid projectile jacket, which is provided with a central blind hole running from the front to the back, in which a filling, preferably made of lead with cavities, is introduced.
• a projectile for hunting purposes which consists of a solid projectile jacket, which is provided with a central blind hole running from the front to the back, in which a filling, preferably made of lead with cavities, is introduced.
• the heavier material is inside the surrounding shell and causes the front projectile part to mushroom when it penetrates the soft target body.
• the projectile can deliberately release its energy to the game body and achieve a greater breadth effect.
• a lateral disassembly of the projectile body or a lateral splintering effect is not intended, even undesirable.
• a similar effect is achieved with the prohibited DUMDUM
• DE 40 07 196 AI describes a hyper-speed balancing projectile with a load-bearing outer jacket which encloses a mass body made of heavy bulk material, preferably tungsten and depleted uranium powder.
• the shell serves only for the stability of the insert consisting of the heavy metal powder during the acceleration of the launch and the flight phase.
• the projectile hitting the target at a very high speed achieves its high depth performance because the material strength of the penetrator is not in the hyper-speed range affects the penetration more or only insignificantly. At lower speeds, the depth performance therefore drops sharply. The lateral effect is negligible.
• These projectiles are known as so-called segmented penetrators.
• EP 0ll 712 AI which essentially consists of a main body, an intermediate body and a tip body.
• the intermediate body made of a brittle sintered material of high density, for example tungsten or depleted uranium, is connected on the back to the main body in a flat butt joint area and on the front side in a likewise flat butt joint area with the tip body, both the main body and the tip body made of a tough sintered material being higher Density, for example the same metallic materials mentioned above are formed.
• the particles formed from the brittle material of the intermediate body should widen the shot channel and cause a strong blast effect behind the first target plate.
• Free buffer layers of this type basically reduce both pressure and performance.
• the splintering effect remains due to the construction and low density differences between the brittle and tough sintered materials largely limited locally and laterally, since the brittle intermediate body is compressed in the axial direction by the tip and main body and, together with these two ballistically highly effective masses, is driven purely axially through the firing channel.
• AWM expansion medium
• v projectile speed
• u penetration speed
• p P density of the projectile material
• p z density of the target material
• F factor that varies with the rate of ascent of the expansion zone and both the dynamic strength of the target and the Projectile material and thus also depends on the AWM.
• F also influences the compressibility of the material and the propagation speeds of the elastic and plastic disturbances. At higher projectile speeds v the proportion of F decreases and the well-known Bernoulli equation applies with sufficient accuracy:
• the projectile does not consist of a uniform material, applies on condition Giilge- high velocities v for each material in the projectile, this term where P p for then the respective material density, for example, p AM or p Sleeve Shirt i e is to be used.
• the density of the AWM can be varied at high projectile speeds (over 1000 m / s), since then the mechanical properties no longer play a major role.
• the dynamics of the internal expansion zone in storeys and warheads can be influenced over wide limits and with very simple means.
• FIG. 2 shows, in three different phases, a basic illustration of the penetration and expansion process according to the invention with an additional central penetrator;
• 3 shows in three different phases a basic representation of the penetration process and the lateral splinter generation
• FIG. 4 shows a basic illustration of the process according to the invention for a two-plate target
• FIG. 5 shows a basic illustration of the process according to the invention for an arrangement with a central penetrator and the penetration through a two-plate target;
• FIG. 6 shows a basic illustration of the experimental model floor
• FIG. 7 shows an X-ray flash image from an experiment with GRP as expansion medium (AWM);
• FIG. 8 shows an X-ray flash photograph of an experiment with a hollow model projectile without expansion medium
• FIG. 9 shows an X-ray flash photograph of a further experiment using GRP as the expansion medium
• FIG. 10 shows an X-ray flash image of a further experiment with aluminum as expansion medium
• FIG. 11 shows an X-ray flash image of a further experiment with an expansion medium of particularly low density (PE);
• FIG. 12 shows the crater of the reference test (FIG. 8) shown on a grid with a hollow penetrator without expansion medium;
• FIG. 13 shows the splinter image from the experiment with GRP according to FIG. 9 shown on a grid as AWM;
• FIG. 14 shows the splinter image from the experiment with aluminum shown on a grid according to FIG. 10 as AWM;
• FIG. 15 shows the splinter image from the experiment with PE ge ass shown on a grid; FIG. 11 as AWM;
• FIG. 16 shows an X-ray flash image of a further experiment with GRP as expansion medium and a thinner first target plate
• FIG. 17 shows an X-ray flash image of a further experiment with GRP as expansion medium according to FIG. 9 and a low impact speed ( ⁇ 1000 m / s);
• FIG. 17A shows the splinter image of the experiment shown in FIG. 17 on a grid
• FIG. 18 shows a basic constructive proposal for the introduction of a prefabricated AWM body and fixation by thread and gluing / soldering
• FIG. 19 shows a basic constructive proposal for introducing a prefabricated AWM body and fixing it with a connecting medium
• FIG. 20 shows a basic design proposal for introducing and fixing a prefabricated AWM body with any surface roughness
• FIG. 21 shows a modified constructive proposal according to FIG. 20 for introducing and fixing a prefabricated AWM body
• FIG. 22 shows a section through a projectile with AWM and a central penetrator according to FIG. 2;
• FIG. 23 shows a section through a storey with AWM and a central penetrator and additional webs as sub-storeys
• FIG. 24 shows a section through a projectile with AWM and a central penetrator and additional rod-shaped or end-ballistic bodies connected in series;
• 24A shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and additional rod-shaped or end-ballistic bodies connected in series;
• FIG. 25 shows a section through a projectile with AWM and a central penetrator and additional notches on the inside of the outer body, which is effective in endballing
• FIG. 26 shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and additional notches on the outside of the outer body, which has an endballistic effect
• FIG. 27 shows a section through a projectile with an AWM and a central penetrator and any bodies embedded in the AWM that are end-ballistic or otherwise effective;
• FIG. 28 shows a section through a projectile with an AWM without a central penetrator and any bodies embedded in the AWM that are end-ballistic or otherwise effective;
• FIG. 29 shows a section through a projectile with AWM and four centrally arranged penetrators
• FIG. 30 shows a section through a projectile with AWM and a centrally arranged penetrator with a square (any) cross section;
• FIG. 30A shows a section through a projectile with AWM and a centrally arranged cylindrical penetrator with a cavity
• FIG. 31 shows a partial section through a floor with a stepped arrangement of the AWM
• FIG. 32 shows a partial section through a projectile with a partial arrangement of the AWM in order to achieve a high initial throughput
• FIG. 33 shows a further partial section through a projectile with three dynamic zones in order to achieve different lateral and depth effects
• FIG. 34 shows a section through a projectile with a central penetrator and two radially arranged dynamic zones in order to achieve different lateral and depth effects
• FIG. 35A shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and an outer shell made of a ring of longitudinal structures
• FIG. 35B shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and two different outer shells
• FIG. 35C shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and an outer shell, in which any body is embedded;
• FIG. 35D shows a section through a projectile with AWM without a central penetrator and a ring of sub-penetrators on the inside of the outer shell;
• Figure 36 shows a projectile with AWM and a hollow tip
• FIG. 37 a projectile with AWM and a tip filled with AWM
• FIG. 38 a projectile with AWM and a solid point
• FIG. 39A shows a special tip shape in which the AWM extends into the tip
• FIG. 39B shows a special tip shape which contains the AWM in some areas
• AFM inner or enclosed expanding medium
• FIG. 1 shows the three penetration states 1A, 1B and IC, with a first phase being shown in FIG. 1A, a second phase in FIG. 1B and a third phase in IC.
• the projectile consisting of the expansion medium 1 and an end ballistic envelope 2 just hits the target plate 3.
• a reduced pressure zone 4 has formed due to the reduced penetration of the AWM 1 into the target material 3. This leads to a widening or deflecting area 5 of the casing sliding past.
• the pressure or expansion zone 4a has widened and remains more and more pronounced compared to the envelope sliding past.
• the deflected or widened region 5a increases accordingly.
• Figure 2 illustrates this process according to Fig. 1 with a floor in which there is also a central penetrator 6.
• three penetration states 2A, 2B and 2C are too different penetration times are shown.
• the pressure or expansion zone 4 has between the sleeve 2 sliding past and expanded or deflected in the deformation zone 5 and the likewise more rapidly penetrating central penetrator 6, which generally has a plastic or hydrodynamic head 6a at higher impact speeds owns, formed.
• Drawing 2C shows this process in an even later state.
• the printing and on zone 4a is enlarged, the shell 2 is further deformed via the deflection zone 5a. Due to its new direction of movement, the deflected region 5b penetrates the target plate 3 with a considerably enlarged radial component.
• FIG. 3 describes in the partial images 3A, 3B and 3C the effects caused by the projectile according to FIG. 1 in the region of the reject crater in the target plate 3.
• the partial figure 3A corresponds to the partial figure IC from FIG. 1.
• a breakout area 7 begins to form which, owing to the large lateral effect described when penetrating, is incomparably larger than in the case of conventional KE projectiles. Due to the simultaneous relief from the back of the plate, the pressure zone 4a of the AWM is relaxed. The relieved material la emerges from the crater behind the excavation area 7 (partial image 3C), followed by the remaining floor 5c.
• FIG. 4 describes the process according to FIGS. 1 and 3 by way of example in a two-plate target.
• FIG. 4A shows a view of the acted on second plate 3a.
• the region 11a of the splinters 7b torn out of the target material 3 lies even further to the outside.
• the outer crater areas in particular overlap to a greater or lesser extent depending on the physical and technical conditions.
• FIG. 5 shows the case in which a projectile with a central penetrator 6 according to FIG. 2 penetrates a two-plate target according to FIG. 4.
• the descriptions for image 4A apply, expanded by the central penetrator 6 or penetrating penetrator head 6a.
• the residual penetrator 6b then penetrates the erupted crater region 7a and forms a further eruption 7c therein.
• the thickness of the second plate 3a was chosen here so that it is penetrated by the central residual penetrator 6b.
• a section through the second plate 3a shows the different crater zones.
• a crater area 11a formed by the broken-out target fragments 7b of the first plate 3.
• FIG. 7 shows the X-ray flash images from an experiment with a homogeneous target plate 3 made of armored steel (strength approx. 1000 N / mm 2 ) with a thickness of 25 mm.
• the AWM 1 consisted of GRP with a density of 1.85 g / cm 3 .
• the crater contours are entered as dashed lines, as well as dotted lines of the craters struck in corresponding comparative tests of massive heavy metal penetrators of the same outside diameter.
• the crater diameters of the casing 2 made of WS without AWM 1 are comparable.
• the picture on the right shows a previously unknown, enormous enlargement of the struck crater and thus also an enlargement of the exiting fragment cone, formed from projectile and target fragments.
• the goal was a two-plate structure according to FIG. 4 with a first plate 3 made of duralumin with a strength of 400 N / mm 2 and a thickness of 12 mm and a second plate 3a made of armored steel set up at a distance of 80 mm.
• the impact speed in the tests was between 1400 and 1800 m / s.
• the floor structure corresponded to the structure according to Fig. 6.
• the expansion medium 1 was varied, the density being taken as the main parameter in accordance with the high impact speeds.
• FIG. 8 first shows the comparison test with a hollow penetrator (ie without AWM) made of WS of the same outside diameter. Due to the relatively light target plate, practically no plastic head has formed. Except for a small outbreak, no lateral deformation can be seen on the right X-ray flash image.
• PE polyethylene
• the speed at which the plastic deformation spreads in a material also plays a role in the axial progression of the disassembly, but this must not be confused with the speed of sound that generally propagates at several km / s, an essential role.
• This The speed range extends from a few 100 m / s to the order of magnitude of 1 km / s and is therefore considerably below the speed of sound of the respective materials.
• Ductile materials with a higher density open up the possibility of using such expansion media when higher average densities of the projectiles are required or when certain constructive, e.g. foreign ballistic requirements such as the center of gravity are to be met.
• FIG. 12 shows the crater of the reference test (FIG. 8) with a hollow penetrator. In comparison with FIGS. 13 to 15, it illustrates the effect of an inserted AWM.
• the crater diameter is approx. 11 mm, which is on the order of two storey diameters.
• FIG. 13 shows a fragmentary image of the experiment (FIG. 9) with GRP as AWM 1, in analogy to the description in accordance with FIG. 4 on the second plate 3a that is 80 mm away, apart from a significantly enlarged central crater area 10, 10a in the order of magnitude of 4 Storey diameters a relatively uniform, outer distribution 11 of the splinters 5d primarily formed from the casing 2 (diameter approx. 90 mm corresponding to 15 storey diameters).
• FIG. 14 shows the very interesting crater image to be expected according to FIG. 10 with aluminum as the AWM.
• the large central crater (diameter about 5 storey diameters) is surrounded by a ring of elongated subcraters (diameter about 10 storey diameters). The remaining fragments are distributed in a circle of approximately 13 storey diameters.
• the sub-floors formed produced a relatively large inner crater diameter (approx. 6 storey diameters), which is surrounded by a mixed splinter ring with a diameter of approx. 13 storey diameters.
• the penetration depth decreases according to the lateral extent of the splinters. Because, of course, the known laws of end ballistics also apply here, according to which the total crater volume formed corresponds in the first approximation to the projectile energy introduced into the target.
• the combat of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters is an essential area of application for the projectile structures described here.
• a targeted and, if necessary, load-dependent dismantling of an ammunition can also be very advantageous for the design of different warheads or special ammunition up to combat tactical missile.
• Corresponding arrangements can be used both for types of ammunition with great effects inside from light targets to heavily armored vehicles as well as for ships (Exocet principle).
• the target scenario to be combated determines the expansion medium to be introduced and the dimensions.
• FIG. 17A shows the corresponding crater image on the second plate (distance 80 mm).
• the struck central crater corresponds to approximately 5 storey diameters.
• the fragment cone is still very remarkable with a circle of about 11 storey diameters.
• the casing is to be disassembled using a suitable AWM in such a way that, for example, a target is damaged as little as possible in the case of special ammunition or the projectile slides off at a target without destruction there to cause.
• the target plate must be dimensioned sufficiently thick to prevent punching through. With thicknesses of the order of 0.5 to 1 storey diameter, this should probably already be ensured.
• the demonstrated here range of materials allows a very wide A nticiansspektrum, especially taking advantage of K raftübertragungsNB in axial and radial directions in conjunction with an adjustable cutting mechanism via the selection or adjustment of the material for the A uf Set Time Zone (for example in the use of plastics, Light metals, fiber composites or other mixtures) themselves.
• materials such as metals come with good plastic deformation properties, e.g. Lead or copper, mechanically easy to process materials such as light metals and particularly low density materials such as plastics (PE, nylon etc.) and, of course, primarily materials that can be mechanically advantageously introduced or glued.
• the AWM can be introduced into corresponding cavities by virtue of liquid, plastic or kneadable properties. Mixtures or mixtures are particularly interesting here.
• thermoplastic and fiber reinforced materials pourable or compressible mixtures of different materials, for example of elastomers
• thermosets for dry batches and mixtures.
• Inner and outer body can have practically any surface.
• the special materials bridge e.g. the surface roughness (cost-effective production; possibility of using components from other production);
• thermosetting or thermoplastic resins or elastomers by injection, pressure or suction;
• the injection method is particularly suitable, which creates a flat and very resilient connection to the surrounding projectile bodies. This would also make it possible to easily implement even complicated types of design and connections.
• expansion media with high-density metal powders (tungsten, etc.) in order to significantly increase the average density (for example, GRP with> 3 g / cm 3 ).
• AWM powdery materials
• metal or other powders which are either introduced into the projectile as unsintered powder compacts, or are pressed directly into the shells, for example to increase the density in the projectile or to keep the penetration rate low .
• Representatives of the "Resin Pressed Wood” family can also be considered as AWM. These have a low density and are at the same time relatively incompressible and react accordingly dynamically (for example Lignostone ⁇ with a density range from 0.75 g / cm 3 to 1.35 g / cm 3 ).
• Additional pyrophoric effects in the target after penetration of the outer skin can be achieved by adding appropriate materials (cerium or cerium mixed metal, zircon, etc.) that can be easily incorporated into the GRP or elastomer materials.
• appropriate materials cerium or cerium mixed metal, zircon, etc.
• the concentrated introduction or embedding of such substances is also possible in principle.
• explosive materials either as an admixture to plastics or as an explosive itself, can possibly lead to a controllable, detonative disassembly of the projectile body via the function as an expansion medium.
• FIGS. 22 to 30A relate to the technical design of such projectiles.
• FIG. 18 shows the case in which a prefabricated body as an AWM 1 is inserted between the surrounding endally active substance 2 and a central penetrator 6 by means of threads 15, 15a. brought.
• a connection layer can also be introduced as an adhesive or solder layer.
• a prefabricated body is inserted as an AWM 1 between the surrounding end-ballistic active ingredient 2 and the central penetrator 6.
• a connecting medium 16 is introduced into the joints between the shell 2 and the central penetrator 6, which preferably serves to transmit forces.
• FIG. 20 shows the case in which both the inner surface 17 of the projectile shell 2 and the surface 18 of the central penetrator 6 have any surface roughness or surface design.
• a e.g. injected AWM 1 bridges such bumps and, in addition to a lateral effect, also ensures perfect power transmission between the casing 2 and the central penetrator 6.
• the AWM 1 is introduced as a prefabricated body with uneven surfaces.
• a layer 19 comparable to the connecting medium 16 with the necessary properties ensures the technically perfect connection between the casing 2 and the central penetrator 6.
• FIG. 22 shows, as a reference figure for FIGS. 23 to 30A, the section through a projectile according to FIG. 2, formed from the components AWM 1, casing 2 and partially a central penetrator 6.
• webs 20 are introduced as sub-floors between the central penetrator 6 and the outer floor part 2 in the AWM. These webs 20 of any length remain largely excluded from the lateral acceleration.
• the AWM also serves as a support for the sub-floors (webs) 20.
• Correspondingly thin webs 20 can be used to fix the central penetrator 6 in place.
• FIG. 24 either rod-shaped or end ballistic bodies 21 connected in series are introduced into the AWM. As these are arranged on the outside, these are also accelerated radially. In this way, prefabricated subpenetrators or other functional parts can be laterally accelerated simultaneously with the enclosing body.
• FIG. 24A corresponds to FIG. 24 without a central penetrator.
• FIG. 25 shows the case where 2 indentations 22 or embrittlement are provided on the inside of the surrounding end ballistic body. These specify or support a desired disassembly of the body 2.
• FIG. 26 shows an example of a projectile without a central penetrator, whereby, in contrast to FIG. 25, there are 2 notches 23 on the outside of the body or other measures which promote disassembly.
• any end ballistic or other somehow effective body 24 is embedded in the AWM. These are deflected more radially by the formation of the expansion zone only when positioned in the outer area.
• FIG. 28 shows the corresponding case without a central penetrator with a larger number of the same or different bodies 25.
• FIG. 29 Another case that is particularly interesting for the design of such projectiles is shown in FIG. 29.
• four long penetrators 26 are introduced into the axis area in the AWM.
• the above examples are intended to show that any central penetrators, penetrator parts or other functional units can also be embedded and fixed via the AWM. This also applies analogously to the case where the bodies 24 and 25 in FIGS. 27 and 28 represent fragments or penetrators.
• a penetrator 27 with a square cross section is introduced as an example that the AWM allows any type of penetrator and also penetrator materials (these only have to survive the launch acceleration) to be embedded.
• the central, in this case cylindrical, penetrator 28 is provided with a cavity 29 in FIG. 30A.
• a cavity 29 in FIG. 30A.
• the mass of the penetrator can be reduced.
• Such a cavity can also be foamed or used to hold substances with special properties (pyrophoric or explosive).
• Positioning bodies in the AWM also opens up the possibility of influencing the type and scope of the lateral decomposition or acceleration.
• FIGS. 31 to 34 are intended to show a few examples from the multitude of possible floor designs or effective zones of floors using the principle proposed here.
• FIG. 31 shows the case in which the AWM is in a step-like arrangement 30.
• Such a concept reacts very "sensitively", for example, when it encounters a thin structure in the front part, whereas the rear floor parts form different sub-floors or fragments due to the geometric design and, for example, also by using different expansion media lb, lc and ld.
• FIG. 32 shows a penetrator 31 for increasing the effect in the interior of the target after a penetration distance corresponding to the front massive projectile part.
• the AWM le is located in the rear area of the floor.
• Such a projectile 31 is able to combine high penetration rates with large craters and corresponding lateral effects in the target interior or on the structures below.
• FIG. 33 shows, as a further example, a floor 32 with three separate dynamic zones and the AWM lf, lg and In.
• a projectile 32 constructed in this way is, for example, able, after partial disassembly in the case of thin outer structures, to develop an increased lateral effect only after penetrating a thicker, further plate. This is followed by a massive area to achieve a further, larger breakdown distance and then the zone with the AWM In to increase the residual effect (Fig. 32).
• FIG. 34 shows the cross section through a projectile 33, which contains, as an example in the radial direction, two of the active combinations presented here with AWM 1 or LI between the casings 2 and 2a or the casing 2a and the central penetrator 6.
• Such combinations can of course also be arranged several times on the longitudinal axis of a projectile or combined with the examples described above.
• Figs. 35A to 35D show four examples that apply analogously to floors with an additional central penetrator.
• the outer shell 34 that insulates the AWM consists of a ring of longitudinal structures. These are either mechanically firmly connected to each other, for example by thin sleeves, or glued or soldered. There is also the possibility ability to treat the shell by appropriate treatment, for example by induction hardening or laser embrittlement, in such a way that it is broken down into predetermined bodies under dynamic loading.
• FIG. 35B shows the case in which a casing that insulates the AWM, corresponding to casing 2 of FIG. 22, is surrounded by an outer casing 34 corresponding to FIG. 35A.
• FIG. 35C arbitrary bodies 37 are embedded in the shell 36.
• FIG. 35D there is a ring of subpenetrators or splitters 34 corresponding to FIG. 35B on the inside of the outer shell 35.
• projectile tip Another important element for the performance of a projectile is the projectile tip.
• some basic examples hatch tip, solid tip and special tip shapes
• the design of the tips basically taking into account the full effectiveness of the principle described here, So not negatively influenced or supplemented this in a meaningful way.
• FIG. 36 shows an example of hollow tips 38. These serve primarily as outer ballistic hoods and are immediately destroyed when they hit light structures, so that the lateral acceleration process can be initiated directly by the impact impact, as described.
• a tip 39 according to FIG. 36 is filled with an AWM 40.
• Figure 38 shows a solid tip 41. This can be in one or more parts and is e.g. then appropriate if more massive armor plating is to be penetrated without an immediate projectile disassembly.
• Figures 39A and 39B serve as examples of special tip shapes.
• the AWM 42 extends into the tip 43.
• the tip 44 contains an AWM 45 in partial areas.
• the triggering of a high lateral effect can be both accelerated (due to a particularly rapid transmission of the shock load and thus rapid pressure build-up) and initiated with a delay. This is of interest, for example, if the lateral splitting effect is to occur at a specific target depth or in a specific target area.
• a front or side (outer) "protective device” to place structures with the described lateral effect at the desired location in a target structure, so that this effect only becomes effective there.
• a protective cover can also form a cavity between an outer cover and the structure for achieving the lateral effect.
• the protection can likewise be formed by a buffering material which either alone forms the outer shell or is introduced into the cavity mentioned above.
• Such a protective cover can be particularly interesting for warheads, because with its help e.g. individual or a large number of devices for achieving high lateral effects can be introduced into the interior of a hardened or unhardened warhead and thus only develop the desired effect there.
• the principle described here is used as an active component in missiles, ejection bodies (submunitions) and warheads of guided or unguided missiles, either the body as a whole can be designed according to the concept proposed here, or it serves as a container for one or more devices for production large lateral effects.

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