CN110108172B - 一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110108172B
CN110108172B CN201910397540.0A CN201910397540A CN110108172B CN 110108172 B CN110108172 B CN 110108172B CN 201910397540 A CN201910397540 A CN 201910397540A CN 110108172 B CN110108172 B CN 110108172B
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刘晓彬
冯宏伟
陈子明
唐家耘
田野
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China Weapon Science Academy Ningbo Branch
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元,包括钨合金材质的球壳,以及充填于所述球壳内的纯锆金属制成的球芯。该种球形预制毁伤元的毁伤形式更为多样,引燃引爆后效较好。本发明还涉及该双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,包括注射成型、组配、预烧结、烧结步骤,工艺简单,生产效率较高。

Description

一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及预制破片领域,尤其涉及一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代弹药通常由战斗部、投射部、引导或制导部和稳定部等部分组成,其中战斗部是弹药毁伤目标或完成既定终点效应的部分。毁伤元杀伤战斗部是战斗部的主要类型之一,主要是靠高能炸药爆炸作用下,形成大量高速毁伤元,利用毁伤元的高速碰击、引燃和引爆作用毁伤目标。可以用于杀伤有生力量(人、畜)、无装甲或轻型装甲车辆、飞机、雷达以及导弹等武器装备。
高密度钨合金球是目前战斗部中侵彻能力最高的一种毁伤元。目前,钨合金球通常采用注射成形、液相烧结等粉末冶金方法来制备。但是钨合金球对目标的杀伤是仅仅依靠自身的动能,毁伤形式单一,引燃引爆后效差,在一定程度上限制了其应用范围。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种毁伤形式更为多样,引燃引爆后效较好的双层复合结构球形毁伤元。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种较为简单的制备前述双层复合结构球形毁伤元的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种双层复合结构球形毁伤元,包括钨合金材质的球壳,以及充填于所述球壳内的纯锆金属制成的球芯。
锆具有优异的耐腐蚀性能及机械性能,单位体积燃烧热与铝相当并超过镁。钨合金球加入纯引锆金属的球芯后,形成了钨合金和含能金属锆的复合结构毁伤元,侵入目标后,可产生发生反应,释放出很高的热能和强烈的爆轰效应,可显著增强毁伤元引燃引爆能力。
优选的,所述球壳的外直径与球芯的直径比为1.5~4.0。
优选的,所述球壳的外直径为5mm~15mm,所述球芯的直径为2mm~10mm。选择该种尺寸所得的球形毁伤元的毁伤效果较好。
优选的,所述钨合金的质量百分比组成为:W含量为90%~95%,Ni的含量1.0%~8%;Fe的含量1.0%~4%。该种含量的钨合金具有较高的力学性能,在侵彻过程中侵彻能力较好,该含量范围的钨合金球壳的硬度在23-32HRC之间。
优选的,所述球芯的密度为17.1~18.3g/cm3。使用该种密度范围的球芯,所制得的双层复合结构球形毁伤元的压溃载荷为30KN~90KN之间,使用该种性能的双层复合结构球形毁伤元在进行打击目标物时整个预制毁伤元不易碎裂,因而击穿能力较好。
一种用于制备前述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(a)将钨合金粉和粘结剂混合后置于注射成型机中成型为半球壳型;
(b)将成型的半球壳进行预烧结;
(c)相对扣合的两个钨合金半球壳构成一个所述球壳,将锆金属球芯充填于所述球壳中的球形空腔中而形成一个整体球;
(d)将所述整体球在烧结炉中进行液相烧结成型。
优选的,所述步骤(b)的预烧结的温度为1300℃~1420℃,预烧结气氛为真空气氛,真空度低于于8×10-2Pa,保温时间为2h~4h。
优选的,所述步骤(d)的液相烧结的烧结温度为1480℃~1560℃,烧结气氛为真空度低于8×10-2Pa的真空或氩气气氛,保温时间为0.5h~2h。
为了使得烧结时受热更加均匀,所述步骤(d)的所述整球体埋入氧化铝粉中再进行所述液相烧结成型。进行烧结时通过氧化铝粉进行传热,可以使得烧结时受热更加均匀。
优选的,所述步骤(a)的所述粘结剂选用组分为①33%石蜡、33%聚乙烯、33%蜂蜡、1%硬脂酸;②70%石蜡、20%微晶蜡、10%甲乙酮;③50%棕榈蜡、50%聚乙烯这三种中的任意一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明采用钨合金材质的球壳包覆纯锆金属球芯的结构,在进行侵彻时,先产生动能毁伤,对钢板等目标进行击穿;随后外层球壳会产生爆裂,产生很多碎片增加毁伤半径和毁伤面积,进行爆炸毁伤;并且内层的纯锆金属球芯侵入目标后进行燃烧,释放出很高的热能并产生强烈的爆轰效应,可显著增强毁伤元引燃引爆能力,对燃料箱、弹药箱具有极强的毁伤能力。本发明用于制备该种球形毁伤元的制备方法工艺简单,制备效果良好,能够用较低的成本和较高的生产效率生产该种毁伤元,具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的双层球形毁伤元的剖面照片;
图2为本发明的实施例1的双层球形毁伤元的球芯和球壳交接部分的金相照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:
将W粉、Fe粉、Ni粉按照W93%、Ni4%、Fe3%的质量分数均匀混合成混合粉后,再与占混合粉1%的质量分数的粘结剂掺胶造粒,本实施例使用的粘结剂的各组分的质量分数为33%石蜡、33%聚乙烯、33%蜂蜡、1%硬脂酸,在注射成型机中加工为半球壳。在定点式预烧炉中,进行预烧结,气氛为真空度低于8×10-2Pa的真空气氛,温度为1350℃,保温时间为2h,烧结完成后随炉降温后出炉;两个钨半球壳扣合后形成的一个球壳,将能充填球壳的球形空腔的锆金属球芯放入两个钨半球壳中,两个钨半球壳上下扣合地埋入氧化铝粉中,在真空烧结炉加热烧结,烧结温度为1500℃,真空度低于8×10-2Pa,保温时间为0.5h,烧结成为双层复合结构的球形毁伤元。本实施例的球壳的外直径为10mm,锆金属球芯的直径为5mm。本实施例的球芯密度为17.6g/cm3。本实施例所制备的双层复合结构球形毁伤元的球壳的硬度为27HRC,该双层复合结构球形毁伤元的压溃载荷为65KN。
实施例2,将W粉、Fe粉、Ni粉按照W95%、Ni3%、Fe2%的质量分数均匀混合成混合粉后,再与占混合粉1%的质量分数的粘结剂掺胶造粒,本实施例使用的粘结剂的各组分的质量分数为70%石蜡、20%微晶蜡、10%甲乙酮,在注射成型机中加工为半球壳。在定点式预烧炉中,进行预烧结,气氛为真空度低于8×10-2Pa的真空气氛,温度为1380℃,保温时间为3h,烧结完成后随炉降温后出炉;两个钨半球壳扣合后形成的一个球壳,将能充填球壳的球形空腔的锆金属球芯放入两个钨半球壳中,两个钨半球壳上下扣合地埋入氧化铝粉中,在烧结炉加热烧结,在真空烧结炉加热烧结,烧结温度为1530℃,真空度为低于8×10-2Pa,保温时间为0.5h,烧结成为双层复合结构的球形毁伤元。本实施例的球壳的外直径为8mm,锆金属球芯的直径为3.5mm。本实施例的球芯密度为18.1g/cm3。本实施例所制备的双层复合结构球形毁伤元的球壳的硬度为28HRC,该双层复合结构球形毁伤元的压溃载荷为55KN。
实施例3,将W粉、Fe粉、Ni粉按照W91%、Ni6%、Fe3%的质量分数均匀混合成混合粉后,再与占混合粉1%的质量分数的粘结剂掺胶造粒,本实施例的粘结剂的各组分的质量分数为50%棕榈蜡、50%聚乙烯,在注射成型机中加工为半球壳。在定点式预烧炉中,进行预烧结,气氛为真空度低于8×10-2Pa的真空气氛,温度为1320℃,保温时间为3h,烧结完成后随炉降温后出炉;两个钨半球壳扣合后形成的一个球壳,将能充填球壳的球形空腔的锆金属球芯放入两个钨半球壳中,两个钨半球壳上下扣合地埋入氧化铝粉中,在低于8×10- 2Pa的真空度的真空下,在烧结炉中加热烧结,烧结温度为1490℃,保温时间为2h,烧结成为双层复合结构的球形毁伤元。本实施例的球壳的外直径为15mm,锆金属球芯的直径为10mm。本实施例的球芯密度为17.3g/cm3。本实施例所制备的双层复合结构球形毁伤元的球壳的硬度为26HRC,该双层复合结构球形毁伤元的压溃载荷为85KN。
上述实施例制备的球形毁伤元进行侵彻时,先产生动能毁伤,对钢板等目标进行击穿;随后外层球壳会产生爆裂,产生很多碎片增加毁伤半径和毁伤面积,进行爆炸毁伤;并且内层的纯锆金属具有较高的燃烧热,侵彻目标时发生强烈的反应,释放出很高的热能,对燃料箱、弹药箱具有极强的毁伤能力、因此该种球形毁伤元的毁伤形式更为多样,引燃引爆后效较好。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段,还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元,包括钨合金材质的球壳,以及充填于所述球壳内的纯锆金属制成的球芯;
其包括以下步骤:
(a)将钨合金粉和粘结剂混合后置于注射成型机中成型为半球壳型;
(b)将成型的半球壳进行预烧结;
(c)相对扣合的两个钨合金半球壳构成一个所述球壳,将锆金属球芯充填于所述球壳内的球形空腔中而形成一个整体球;
(d)将所述整体球在烧结炉中进行液相烧结成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(b)的预烧结的温度为1300℃~1420℃,预烧结气氛为真空气氛,保温时间为2h~4h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(d)的液相烧结的烧结温度为1480℃~1560℃,烧结气氛为真空度低于8×10-2Pa的真空或氩气气氛,保温时间为0.5h~2h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(d)的所述整体球埋入氧化铝粉中再进行所述液相烧结成型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(a)的所述粘结剂选用各组分的质量分数为①33%石蜡、33%聚乙烯、33%蜂蜡、1%硬脂酸;②70%石蜡、20%微晶蜡、10%甲乙酮;③50%棕榈蜡、50%聚乙烯这三种中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述球壳的外直径与球芯的直径比为1.5~4.0。
7.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述球壳的外直径为5~15mm,所述球芯的直径为2mm~10mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述钨合金的质量百分比组成为:W含量为90%~95% ,Ni1.0%~8%;Fe1.0%~4%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的双层复合结构球形预制毁伤元的制备方法,其特征在于:所述球芯的密度为17.1~18.3g/cm3
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