Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
  • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
  • B41N1/24—Stencils; Stencil materials; Carriers therefor
  • B41N1/242—Backing sheets; Top sheets; Intercalated sheets, e.g. cushion sheets; Release layers or coatings; Means to obtain a contrasting image, e.g. with a carbon sheet or coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
  • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
  • B41N1/24—Stencils; Stencil materials; Carriers therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat-sensitive stencil sheet which is perforated by flash irradiation with halogen lamp, xenon lamp, flash bulb or the like, infrared irradiation, pulse irradiation with laser beams, or by thermal head, and excellent in printing characteristics, especially, free from formation of creases at the time of perforation and at the time of winding around a printing drum.
• thermoplastic resin film such as polyester film, polyvinylidene chloride film or polypropylene film and a porous substrate comprising a thin paper, nonwoven fabric, or gauze made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers or a mixture thereof, the film and the substrate being laminated to each other with an adhesive.
• a heat-sensitive stencil sheet prepared by hot press-bonding a porous substrate comprising unstretched thermoplastic resin fibers to an unstretched thermoplastic resin film, followed by biaxial stretching to laminate them without using adhesives. It has been further proposed to use a porous substrate having a specific pore area ratio and a specific pore average diameter to improve sharpness of printed images and offset of ink. See, for example, JP-A-7-205564.
• the substrate heat-shrinks and this causes not only dimensional change of the stencil sheet, but also creases at the time of perforating the stencil sheet or winding around the printing drum so that quality of printed images is deteriorated.
• the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems on conventional techniques, and to provide a heat-sensitive stencil sheet which is inhibited from deterioration of printed images due to heat shrinkage or creasing at the time of perforation or winding around the printing drum even in perforation based on an original of high printing ratio and which gives printed images of high quality.
• the inventors have conducted an intensive research on the mechanism of heat shrinkage of the porous substrate caused by perforation.
• heat shrinkage of the stencil sheet at the time of perforation is inhibited by specifying a shrinkage percentage at a specific temperature in thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) of the porous substrate.
• TMA thermal mechanical analysis
• a heat-sensitive stencil sheet comprising a laminate of a thermoplastic resin film and a porous substrate mainly composed of thermoplastic fibers, in which said porous substrate has a heat shrinkage percentage of 3.5% or lower at 140°C in at least one direction thereof, as measured in accordance with thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) under measurement conditions of a load of 1.0 gf and a heating rate of 10°C/min.
• TMA thermal mechanical analysis
• thermoplastic resin film In general, when a heat-sensitive stencil sheet is perforated to make a master, it is necessary to heat the thermoplastic resin film to at least the melting point thereof.
• the melting starting temperature of the film varies depending on the kind of films, but in the case of the heating means such as thermal head, the stencil sheet is usually heated to 200-400°C at the time of perforation. Simultaneously, the heat is also conducted to a part of the fibers of the substrate in the vicinity of the film to damage the fibers. Consequently, as a whole of the stencil sheet, there are portions which shrink to less than the desired size.
• the present invention is characterized in that the damage of the substrate is minimized by controlling the heat shrinkage percentage of the substrate to lower than a specific value.
• the heat shrinkage percentage at 140°C in thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) under the measurement conditions of a load of 1.0 gf and a heating rate of 10°C/min well represents the quantity of heat applied to the porous substrate of the stencil sheet at actual thermal perforation. That is, when the heat shrinkage percentage of the porous substrate of the stencil sheet in at least one direction is 3.5% or lower, heat shrinkage of the sheet at the time of perforation is inhibited, and creasing at the time of perforation and winding can also be inhibited.
• the stencil sheet of the present invention comprises a laminate of a thermoplastic resin film and a porous substrate mainly composed of thermoplastic fibers.
• thermoplastic resin film in the present invention mention may be made of known films such as of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and copolymers thereof, and preferred is a polyester film from the point of perforation sensitivity.
• polyesters constituting the polyester film in the present invention mention may be made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, a copolymer of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyhexamethylene terephthalate, a copolymer of hexamethylene terephthalate and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, etc.
• the thermoplastic resin film in the present invention is preferably stretched, especially preferably biaxially stretched.
• Such stretched film can be produced, for example, by known T-die extrusion method and inflation method.
• an unstretched film is prepared by extruding a polymer on a casting drum using the T-die extrusion method, and then stretching the unstretched film in lengthwise direction by a group of heating rolls, and, if necessary, stretching it in crosswise direction by feeding to a tenter and the like.
• An unstretched film of the desired thickness can be prepared by adjusting the slit width of head, the discharging amount of polymer, and the number of revolution of the casting drum.
• the stretching can be performed at the desired stretch ratio by adjusting the revolution speed of the heating rolls or changing the set width of the tenter.
• thickness of the thermoplastic resin film is optionally determined depending on the required sensitivity and the like, but is usually 0.1-10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1-5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1-3 ⁇ m. If the thickness exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the perforation properties sometimes deteriorate, and if it is thinner than 0.1 ⁇ m, film-forming stability is sometimes inferior.
• thermoplastic resin film may contain flame retardants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, pigments, dyes, organic lubricants such as fatty acid esters and waxes, and foaming agents such as polysiloxane.
• thermoplastic fibers constituting the porous substrate in the present invention mention may be made of known fibers such as of polyester, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers thereof. These thermoplastic fibers may be used each alone or in combination of two or more, and, besides, may contain natural fibers such as hemp fibers, wood fibers, or regenerated fibers. Preferred are polyester fibers from the point of heat stability in perforation of the stencil sheet, and the thermoplastic fibers preferably comprise at least 60% of polyester fibers.
• polyesters constituting the thermoplastic fibers mention may be made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, a copolymer of ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyhexamethylene terephthalate, a copolymer of hexamethylene terephthalate and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, etc.
• thermoplastic fibers may contain flame retardants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, pigments, dyes, organic lubricants such as fatty acid esters and waxes, and foaming agents such as polysiloxane.
• the porous substrate in the present invention may be a paper, a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric made from short fibers comprising the above thermoplastic fibers, or may be a screen gauze.
• the nonwoven fabric is preferred from the point of production cost.
• Average fiber diameter of the porous substrate is preferably 2-10 ⁇ m. If the average fiber diameter is less than 2 ⁇ m, the stencil sheet is apt to crease to cause failure of perforation, resulting in unperforated portions. If it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, passing of ink becomes uneven.
• Basis weight of the porous substrate is preferably 1-30 g/m 2 , more preferably 2-20 g/m 2 , especially preferably 3-16 g/m 2 .
• the nonwoven fabric used as the porous substrate in the present invention can be produced by direct melt spinning methods such as known melt blow method and spun bond method.
• the melt blow method the nonwoven fabric is produced by discharging a molten polymer from a spinneret under blowing of a hot air against the polymer from the circumference of the spinneret, thereby making the discharged polymer into fine fibers, then blowing the fibers onto a net conveyor disposed at a given position to collect the fibers, and forming them into a web.
• the resulting web is sucked together with the hot air by a sucking device provided at the net conveyor, and, hence, the fibers are collected before individual fibers are completely solidified.
• the fibers of the web are collected in the state of being fusion bonded to each other.
• the degree of fusion bonding of the fibers can be adjusted by suitably adjusting the collecting distance between the spinneret and the conveyor.
• the basis weight of the web and the diameter of single fibers can be optionally set by suitably adjusting the discharging amount of the polymer, the hot air temperature, the hot air flow rate, and the conveyor moving speed.
• the fibers spun by the melt blow method are made fine by the pressure of the hot air and solidified in the non-oriented or low-oriented state, so that thickness of the fibers is not uniform.
• the web is formed in the state of thick fibers and thin fibers being properly dispersed.
• the polymer discharged from the spinneret is rapidly cooled from the molten state to room or ambient temperature, and, therefore, is solidified in the state of low-crystallization close to an amorphous state.
• the nonwoven fabric constituting the porous substrate of the present invention is preferably stretched and oriented, and birefringence ( ⁇ n) of the individual fibers is preferably 0.1 or higher, more preferably 0.12 or higher, especially preferably 0.14 or higher. Crystallinity of the fibers is preferably 15% or higher, more preferably 20% or higher, especially preferably 25% or higher.
• the thermoplastic resin film and the porous substrate may be laminated using adhesives under the condition of not lowering the perforation sensitivity of the film, but preferably they are laminated by heat fusion bonding without using adhesives from the point of obtaining sharpness of prints.
• the melting point (Tm 1 ) of the thermoplastic resin film and the melting point (Tm 2 ) of the porous substrate satisfy the relation Tm 1 ⁇ Tm 2 .
• Peeling strength between the film and the substrate is preferably 3 g/cm or more, more preferably 5 g/cm or more, especially preferably 10 g/cm or more.
• the heat fusion bonding can be attained, for example, by obtaining an unstretched film by extrusion casting, and before subjecting it to the longitudinal stretching step, hot pressing it with an unstretched nonwoven fabric by use of heating rolls.
• Fusion bonding temperature is preferably between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting point (Tm) of the thermoplastic resin film, and more preferably between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the cold crystallizing temperature (Tcc).
• Tg glass transition temperature
• Tm melting point
• Tcc cold crystallizing temperature
• Tg glass transition temperature
• Tcc cold crystallizing temperature
• the present stencil sheet is produced by carrying out co-stretching after the heat fusion bonding of the unstretched thermoplastic film and the nonwoven fabric.
• co-stretching is carried out in the heat fusion bonded state, the film and the nonwoven fabric are integrated so as not to be separated, and thus suitable stretching can be performed.
• the fibers of the nonwoven fabric are fusion bonded at interlocking points or contact points to form a reticulation having contact points.
• the polyester nonwoven fabric used for heat fusion bonding is most preferably unstretched, and even if it is stretched, it is preferred that the stretching ratio is low and the degree of orientation is low.
• the birefringence ( ⁇ n) of the fibers of the nonwoven fabric is preferably 0.03 or lower, more preferably 0.02 or lower, especially preferably 0.01 or lower.
• Crystallinity of the fibers is preferably 20% or lower, more preferably 15% or lower, especially preferably 10% or lower.
• the method of co-stretching is not limited, and preferred is biaxial stretching and this may be either sequential biaxial stretching or simultaneous biaxial stretching.
• sequential biaxial stretching generally, first the stretching in lengthwise direction is carried out and then the stretching in crosswise direction is carried out, but the sequence of stretching may be reversed.
• the stretching temperature is preferably between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the cold crystallizing temperature (Tcc) of the thermoplastic resin film.
• the stretching ratio is not limited, and is optionally determined depending on the kind of polymer constituting the thermoplastic resin film and the sensitivity required for the stencil sheet. Generally, it is preferably 2-8 times, more preferably 3-8 times in longitudinal and width directions.
• the stencil sheet prefferably to further subject the stencil sheet to a heat treatment after the co-stretching.
• the heat treatment is carried out at about 80-260°C for about 0.5-60 seconds.
• two or more nonwoven fabrics which are the same or different in fiber diameter and basis weight may be stretched in superposed state.
• the stencil sheet can be perforated by any methods as far as perforations corresponding to the image to be printed can be formed by melting the thermoplastic resin film.
• perforation can be performed by flash irradiation with halogen lamp, xenon lamp, flash bulb, etc., infrared irradiation, pulse irradiation with laser beams, and by heating means such as a thermal head, etc.
• the stencil sheet of the present invention is perforated by a thermal head, and in this case numerous fine openings corresponding to the image to be printed are formed in the thermoplastic resin film, and opening ratio of the stencil sheet in perforated part for black solid original of 100% in printing ratio is usually 20-50%.
• opening ratio can be attained, for example, by optionally selecting a size of elements of the thermal head, a pitch between the elements, and a temperature or an heated area that depends upon the energy introduced. If the opening ratio is less than 20%, since there are many unperforated portions, there are very many portions through which ink does not pass to cause formation of voids in prints, irrespective of the state of the substrate being dense or rough, the state of dispersion of fibers, and the density and thickness of the substrate. On the other hand, if the opening ratio is more than 50%, excess ink is apt to pass through the sheet to result in offset in prints, irrespective of the state of the substrate being dense or rough, the state of dispersion of fibers, and the density and thickness.
• a release layer is provided on the side of the thermoplastic resin film opposite to the side of the porous substrate for inhibition of sticking to a perforation means such as a thermal head.
• the release layer may be coated at any stage before or after stretching of the film, but preferably coated before stretching in order to highly develop the effects of the present invention.
• Releasing agents such as silicone oil, silicone resin, fluorocarbon resin, surface active agent or the like may be used.
• the release layer can be formed by coating a coating agent containing the releasing agent by coating means such as roll coater, gravure coater, reverse coater, and bar coater.
• the coating agent may contain various additives such as dispersing aid, surface active agent, preservative, and anti-foaming agent for the purpose of improving dispersibility of the releasing agent in a medium such as water.
• Thickness of the release layer is preferably 0.005-0.4 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01-0.4 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the release layer is 0.4 ⁇ m or less, running property during perforation is satisfactory and the thermal head is hardly stained.
• the stencil sheet of the present invention may contain various additives such as antistatic agents, heat resisting agents, antioxidants, organic particles, inorganic particles, and pigments.
• the stencil sheet of the present invention can be used for stencil printing with various known stencil printing inks.
• Typical stencil printing inks are water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion inks.
• W/O emulsion inks comprise, for example, about 10-70% by weight of an oil phase and about 90-30% by weight of a water phase.
• a colorant is contained in the oil phase or water phase, and amount of the colorant is preferably 1-30% by weight, more preferably 3-10% by weight of the total amount of the emulsion ink.
• Average particle size of the colorant is preferably in the range of 0.1-12 ⁇ m.
• the particle size is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, even if the ink passes through the sheet, the colorant readily penetrates into the inside of the printing paper, and no sufficient printing density can be obtained. If it is more than 12 ⁇ m, the colorant is apt to cause clogging between fibers of the substrate, resulting in occurrence of white points on the prints.
• TMA thermal mechanical analysis
• a stencil sheet obtained by co-stretching was separated into the film and the nonwoven fabric. Then, the nonwoven fabric was cut to a size of 4 mm in width and 25 mm in length (machine direction (MD)). This was chucked by a thermal mechanical analyzer TMA/SS6100 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Co., Ltd. in such a manner that the sample length was set to 15 mm, and the heat shrinkage percentage of the sample was measured by heating the sample from 20°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min with application of a constant load of 1.0 gf to obtain a heat shrinkage percentage at a sample temperature of 140°C.
• the stencil sheet comprising the film and the substrate laminated with adhesives, the substrate alone was subjected to the measurement before lamination into an integral state.
• Optional 10 portions of the nonwoven fabric layer of the stencil sheet were photographed by an electron microscope, and diameters of optional 15 fibers in each photograph were measured. Thus, diameters of 150 fibers in total in the 10 portions were measured and the average value thereof was obtained.
• the stencil sheet was cut to 210 ⁇ 297 mm, and weight thereof was measured and converted to a weight per m 2 .
• the weight of the film was deducted from the resulting weight of the sheet to obtain the basis weight.
• the stencil sheet was subjected to perforation by a rotary stencil printing machine RISOGRAPH TR153 (trade mark) manufactured by Riso Kagaku Corporation with carrying the sheet in machine direction so that a region of printing paper corresponding to A4 size was printed at a printing ratio of 100%. Thereafter, degree of shrinkage was visually evaluated by observing the surface of the stencil sheet.
• the stencil sheet was subjected to perforation and printing by a rotary stencil printing machine RISOGRAPH TR153 (trade mark) manufactured by Riso Kagaku Corporation with carrying the sheet in machine direction so that a region of printing paper corresponding to A4 size was printed at a printing ratio of 100%. Creasing reflected on the prints was visually evaluated. Occurrence of creasing upon perforation was judged by presence of voids on the prints, and occurrence of creasing upon winding around the drum was judged by presence of portions of higher printing density on the prints.
• the above-obtained nonwoven fabric was superposed on the unstretched film, and these were fed to heating rolls to perform hot fusion bonding of them at a roll temperature of 80°C to obtain a laminate sheet.
• the laminate sheet was stretched threefold between the heating rolls in machine direction, and then fed into a tenter type stretching machine to stretch the sheet threefold in crosswise direction, and, furthermore, heat treated at 140°C in the tenter to obtain a stencil sheet.
• thickness of the film was 1.51 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 4.1 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 10.3 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 72 ⁇ m.
• a silicone oil was coated on the stencil sheet at a thickness of 0.01 ⁇ m by a roll coater.
• a stencil sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonwoven fabric used had an average fiber diameter of 10.5 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 110 g/m 2 before stretching, and the hot fusion bonding by the heating rolls was carried out twice, and, in addition, the temperature in the tenter at the time of co-stretching was 100°C.
• thickness of the film was 1.51 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 5.3 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 10.1 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 55 ⁇ m.
• thickness of the film was 1.69 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 4.3 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 10.1 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 58 ⁇ m.
• a stencil sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonwoven fabric used had an average fiber diameter of 6.8 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 103 g/m 2 before stretching.
• thickness of the film was 1.57 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 3.4 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 8.6 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
• a stencil sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonwoven fabric used had an average fiber diameter of 7.8 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 120 g/m 2 before stretching.
• thickness of the film was 1.63 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 3.9 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 10.4 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 82 ⁇ m.
• a film was previously prepared by carrying out stretching of the film alone in the stretching procedure of Example 1, so as to give a film thickness of 1.7 ⁇ m.
• This film was adhered with an adhesive to a porous substrate having a basis weight of 11.4 g/m 2 made from admixture of hemp fibers having an average fiber diameter of 15.0 ⁇ m and polyester fibers having an average fiber diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m to obtain a stencil sheet.
• This sheet had a thickness of 57 ⁇ m.
• a film was previously prepared by carrying out stretching of the film alone in the stretching procedure of Example 1, so as to give a film thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
• This film was adhered with an adhesive to a porous substrate having a basis weight of 8.0 g/m 2 made from admixture of polyester fibers having an average fiber diameter of 5.5 ⁇ m and polyester fibers having an average fiber diameter of 12.0 ⁇ m to obtain a stencil sheet.
• This sheet had a thickness of 40 ⁇ m.
• a stencil sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonwoven fabric used had an average fiber diameter of 7.4 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 103 g/m 2 before stretching.
• thickness of the film was 1.64 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 3.7 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 8.3 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 62 ⁇ m.
• This stencil sheet was subjected to the above-mentioned measurement and evaluation. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, heat shrinkage upon perforation was seen, and both the creasing upon perforation and the creasing upon winding around the drum were reflected on the prints. Thus, satisfactory printed images were not obtained.
• a stencil sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the nonwoven fabric used had an average fiber diameter of 8.0 ⁇ m and a basis weight of 120 g/m 2 before stretching.
• thickness of the film was 1.63 ⁇ m
• average fiber diameter of the substrate was 4.0 ⁇ m
• basis weight of the substrate was 10.3 g/m 2
• the stencil sheet had a thickness of 90 ⁇ m.
• This stencil sheet was subjected to the above-mentioned measurement and evaluation. The results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, heat shrinkage upon perforation was seen, and both the creasing upon perforation and the creasing upon winding around the drum were reflected on the prints. Thus, satisfactory printed images were not obtained.
• a porous substrate having a specific heat shrinkage percentage is used in the stencil sheet, heat shrinkage of the stencil sheet is inhibited even when it is perforated to yield a master for an original of high printing ratio. Also, no creasing is made when it is perforated or wound around the drum, and thus images are not caused to deteriorate. Thus, good printed images can be provided.

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Citations (4)

• 1998
  • 1998-09-10 JP JP10256983A patent/JP2000085258A/ja active Pending
• 1999
  • 1999-09-07 EP EP99117650A patent/EP0985544A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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