Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
  • E21D9/0621—Shield advancing devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
  • E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier

Definitions

• the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine of the type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 and also relates to a method according to claim 15.
• a segmental expansion is carried out in the shield operation within the area covered by the shield tail at a distance from the inner circumferential surface of the shield tail, in which mostly individual, prefabricated concrete components are put together with suitable aids to form a tubular expansion covering the entire tunnel wall. Since the shield tail and the segmental lining always overlap by a certain amount with regard to the longitudinal extent of the tunnel bore, collapse of the tunnel wall is impossible.
• the shield operation is therefore particularly suitable for the drilling of tunnel bores in soft rock or less stable formations.
• tubbing cylinders which are provided between the (non-rotated) drill head shield and the front face of the tubbing extension with respect to the longitudinal extent of the bore, and thus propulsion and rotational reaction forces into the tubbing expansion or at the start of shield operation, ie if there is no tubbing expansion yet, into a steel ring that is radially braced against the mountains.
• This device comprises a shield tail which always covers the tunnel space immediately behind the drill head shield and which consists of two telescopically interlocking shield tail segments, the telescopic overlap of the shield tail segments taking place over a length which is greater than the maximum stroke of a plurality of feed cylinders provided within the shield tail , so that regardless of their operating state, the bore wall in this area is completely covered by the shield tail.
• the feed cylinders extend between the rear wall of the drill head shield and a bracing device which - as already explained above - can be braced radially against the borehole wall to absorb drilling reaction forces, provided the properties of the rock formation permit this.
• tubbing cylinders are provided on the bracing device, pointing backwards with respect to the direction of the bore and distributed over the circumference of the bore, which are suitable for fitting a tubbing expansion that has already been carried out or has been used in the manner described above Support the steel ring and thus transfer drilling reaction forces into the tubbing extension when the tensioning device is released.
• this tunnel boring machine is used in hard rock, the tubbing cylinders are out of operation, whereas the bracing device for absorbing the reaction forces is braced against the tunnel wall.
• the feed of the drill head takes place by extending the feed cylinders, the feed being accompanied by the extension of the telescopic shield tail. If the tunnel boring driven in this way and by corresponding repositioning of the tensioning device encounters soft rock information, the support device is deactivated and the drilling reaction forces are derived via the tubbing cylinders in the tubbing expansion in the manner already described.
• the shield tail has a shoulder into the material that collapses from the tunnel jacket penetrate and can obstruct or even block the displacement of the shield and thus the feed. This is particularly problematic when a rock tail tapering towards the rear is required due to rock formations that tend to converge.
• the invention has for its object to further develop a generic tunnel boring machine, which is suitable both for open operation and for shield operation and thus for driving tunnel boring both in hard rock and in soft rock formations, in such a way that these disadvantages are improved.
• the tunnel boring machine comprises an inner kelly which is displaceable with respect to the tensioning device and which bears the drill head at its end on the face side and the feed generators are articulated to the inner kelly, the bore region directly adjoining the drill head space is no longer covered by the feed generators, so that already therefore the bore wall is more accessible. Furthermore, this configuration makes it possible to arrange the fixed parts of the feed generators mounted on the bracing device in such a way that only the movable components of the feed generators protrude on the face side. With this measure, a telescopic design of the shield tail can be dispensed with and the length can be reduced compared to the generic device. As a result, changes in direction of the tunnel bore can be made more easily.
• an embodiment according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous, in which the shield tail is designed in such a way that the region of the bore wall which it covers can be selectively released. This measure allows the length of the region of the bore wall which is always covered to be reduced even further, on the one hand making it even denser extension systems to be installed behind the working face in hard rock can be built, on the other hand even tighter changes of direction can be achieved.
• the configuration according to claim 2 can be accomplished, for example, in that the shield tail consists of a plurality of pipe segments which are divided in the longitudinal direction and are either attached to the drill head shield or are hinged to the center of the bore.
• the inner kelly is preferably mounted in the tensioning device itself, namely longitudinally displaceable, but non-rotatable. Through these measures, the inner kelly is always essentially in the center of the hole, so that there is always a maximum free space for attaching extension systems to the wall of the hole; on the other hand, momentary reaction forces can also be released via the inner kelly and the bracing device into the rock formation forming the hole wall.
• a drive block is then preferably provided between the drill head and the inner bowl, with which the drill head can be set in rotation.
• the drive block is designed such that the drive reaction moments are introduced directly into the inner kelly.
• the drilling head is arranged in an articulated manner on the inner beam, in such a way that, during operation, the axis of rotation of the drilling head can be pivoted with respect to the longitudinal axis of the inner beam.
• the inner bracket is mounted in the tensioning device so as to be pivotable about any axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, and the possibility of minimizing the longitudinal extent of the drill head by the removable shield tail is particularly narrow Change of direction of the tunnel drilling achievable.
• the change in direction of the drill head i.e. the pivoting of its axis of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis of the bore is preferably carried out according to claim 7 with the aid of a variable-length control device which is connected on the one hand to a part of the drill head or the drive block which is fixed with respect to the rotation, and on the other hand to the inner bowl.
• the mounting of the drill head on the inner bowl can be relieved if, according to claim 8, the control device is designed in such a way that it can equally serve to transmit the feed reaction forces from the drill head to the inner bowl and vice versa.
• control device the feed generators and / or the force generators are formed by hydraulically actuated piston / cylinder units.
• the articulated connections between the drill head and inner cell and / or between the inner cell and bracing device are preferably formed by ball joints.
• the drill head is preferably driven electrically and / or hydraulically.
• a preferred embodiment of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 12 comprises integrated means for the simultaneous attachment of bore supports and / or casing during the boring process, which are designed to be stationary with respect to the bore wall. As a result of this measure, the time required to advance a bore stroke can be used to attach extension systems.
• the means for attaching bore supports and / or casing between the drill head and the bracing device are arranged according to claim 13, so that the expansion systems can be installed directly after the drill head space.
• the drilling material detached from the working face is preferably transported away during the drilling process with the aid of a drilling material conveyor running through the inner bowl. This measure in turn does not restrict the free space required behind the drill head for tunnel expansion (claim 14).
• the tunnel boring machine designated as a whole by 100, serves to drive up a tunnel 1 in the floor 2.
• the components which are important for the invention are shown in the drawing.
• the front part of the tunnel boring machine 100 adjacent to the working face 3 has a central axis M which essentially coincides with the central axis of the tunnel 1, the latter not having to be straight, but can also run in an arc.
• the inner kelly can also be offset from the tunnel axis.
• the tunnel boring machine 100 comprises a boring head designated as a whole as 10, which essentially comprises a rotating drilling tool carrier 11, which serves to break down the rock standing against the working face, a fixed boring head shield 12 adjoining this to the rear, which bores the actual boring head space 13 from the separates already opened tunnel, as well as a drive block 14, which - usually operated electrically or hydraulically - sets the drilling tool carrier 11 in rotation.
• the drilling head 10 and the components forming the drive head are those of a conventional type belonging to the prior art, so that they will not be discussed in detail here.
• the drill head 10 and the drive block 14 are mounted on a bearing 15 on a rearwardly extending inner bracket 16.
• the bearing 15 is designed such that the drill head 10 and the drive block 14 can be pivoted such that the central axis of the drill head M 'is tilted to the central axis M during the drilling operation by a certain angle. This configuration makes it possible to change the direction of the tunnel bore.
• the bearing 15 comprises torque transmission elements 17, so that reaction torques caused by the drive of the drilling tool carrier 11 are derived via the bearing 15 into the inner wall 16.
• control device 18 which acts on the one hand on the inner wall 16, on the other hand on the drill head shield 12 or on a fixed part of the drive block 14.
• the control device 18 is formed by a piston / cylinder unit 19.
• the inner kelly 16 extends rearward through a bracing device 20 which comprises a plurality of piston / cylinder units 21 which are equipped with bracing claws 22 at their radially outer ends. Since the operating state of the tunnel boring machine 100 according to the invention, the repositioning of the tensioning device is shown in FIG. 1, the piston / cylinder units 21 are in the retracted state, so that the tensioning claws 22 do not rest against the tunnel wall, but rather the device rests on the rear support 27.
• the bearing of the inner kelly 16 in the clamping device 20 is a bearing 23, which is designed such that the inner kelly is pivotable relative to the clamping device 20 and displaceable in the longitudinal direction, but not rotatable, the latter property in turn being accomplished by torque transmission elements 24 provided in the bearing 23 becomes.
• the feed device 20 accommodates two feed generators 25, which are designed as piston / cylinder units. They are supported on the one hand on the tensioning device 20, on the other hand via radial extensions 26 on the inner cell 16, so that forces exerted by the feed generators 25 can be introduced into the drill head 10 via the inner cell 16 and the control device 18.
• an extendable support device 27 is provided on the inner wall 16, which is located in the extended position in the extended position shown in FIG. 1, in which it is supported on the bore wall or on the inner wall of a bore extension.
• the support device 27 which can also be designed as a parallelogram, ie can be displaced in a known manner transversely to the tunnel axis, the inner frame 16 is held approximately in the middle of the tunnel when the bracing device 20 is not activated.
• the inner kelly has a square cross section, i.e. it is designed as a kind of box profile.
• a drill material conveyor 28 of known construction extends through the interior of the inner kelly and serves to remove the drill material loosened on the face 3.
• a so-called erector 29 is provided between the drill head 10 and the clamping device 20 — displaceable in the direction of the central axis M.
• This comprises an extendable middle part 30 and a holding device 31 arranged at the end of the middle part 30. It serves for the displacement of prefabricated components - for example made of concrete - for the production of a segment lining 32, which is indicated schematically in FIG. 2.
• a shield tail 33 which covers the inner wall of the borehole over a certain area and which supports the wall of a tunnel borehole driven in soft-gesture information, which has not yet been secured by a segment lining 32, against collapse.
• the shield tail 33 is connected to the drill head shield 12 via a series of piston / cylinder units 34 distributed over the circumference, only one of which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. With the aid of the piston / cylinder units 34, the shield tail 33 can be displaced slightly relative to the drill head shield 12, as is necessary if the drill head 10 is to be pivoted relative to the axis M in order to change the direction of the tunnel bore.
• variable-length force generators 35 which are preferably designed as piston / cylinder units and are optionally removable, extend between the drill head shield 12 and an end wall 36 which is present in the bore and faces the working face 3 and which, as shown in FIG. 1, begins at the start of shield operation of a steel ring 37 braced against the bore wall, as the tubbing expansion progresses - as shown in FIG. 2 - is formed by the end face of the tubbing expansion itself.
• FIG 3 shows an example of a concrete spraying device 39 and an anchor drilling device 40.
• the tunnel boring machine 100 can be used to switch between shield operation and open operation in a simple manner. It is only necessary to put the tensioning device 20 into operation or to put it out of operation and to remove or install the force generators 35 and the shield tail 33.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7830541

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (18)

Family Cites Families (22)

• 1997
  • 1997-05-27 DE DE19722000A patent/DE19722000A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1998
  • 1998-05-19 WO PCT/DE1998/001382 patent/WO1998054442A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-05-19 KR KR19997011077A patent/KR20010013098A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-05-19 AT AT98934751T patent/ATE213807T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-05-19 BR BR9809164-6A patent/BR9809164A/pt active Search and Examination
  • 1998-05-19 CA CA002291043A patent/CA2291043A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-05-19 EP EP98934751A patent/EP0985082B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-05-19 AU AU84301/98A patent/AU738574B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1998-05-19 US US09/424,363 patent/US6431653B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-05-19 DE DE59803200T patent/DE59803200D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-05-27 ZA ZA984521A patent/ZA984521B/xx unknown

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