EP0978617A1 - Dispositif d'ouverture de fenêtre - Google Patents
Dispositif d'ouverture de fenêtre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0978617A1 EP0978617A1 EP99114232A EP99114232A EP0978617A1 EP 0978617 A1 EP0978617 A1 EP 0978617A1 EP 99114232 A EP99114232 A EP 99114232A EP 99114232 A EP99114232 A EP 99114232A EP 0978617 A1 EP0978617 A1 EP 0978617A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- window
- opening
- window sash
- sash
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000037072 sun protection Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/26—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another
- E06B3/2605—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another with frames permanently mounted behind or within each other, each provided with a pane or screen
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
- E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
- E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
- E05F15/643—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by flexible elongated pulling elements, e.g. belts, chains or cables
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F17/00—Special devices for shifting a plurality of wings operated simultaneously
- E05F17/002—Special devices for shifting a plurality of wings operated simultaneously for wings which lie one behind the other when closed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/20—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for insulation against noise
- E06B5/205—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for insulation against noise windows therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
- E06B9/264—Combinations of lamellar blinds with roller shutters, screen windows, windows, or double panes; Lamellar blinds with special devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F1/00—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- E05F1/08—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
- E05F1/16—Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for sliding wings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
- E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/148—Windows
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/26—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another
- E06B3/2605—Compound frames, i.e. one frame within or behind another with frames permanently mounted behind or within each other, each provided with a pane or screen
- E06B2003/2615—Frames made of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement for Opening window.
- the facade must have thermal and acoustic insulation provide. Furthermore, sufficient Ventilation options are created so that Windows are usually provided in the facade can be opened. This ventilation option should ideally also be given at night and it is also at open windows ensure that at least at ordinary, so not excessively heavy rain a certain Protection against the ingress of rainwater exists. About that In addition, a good one is possible even when the window is open To ensure sound insulation. Finally is through to take appropriate measures for sun protection, the should also be designed such that it is as good as possible is protected against damage caused by Environmental influences occur. These requirements apply especially for windows and window facades to be used for example in high-rise buildings.
- Double facades are used, in front of a conventional, thermally insulated inner facade with opening windows a second glass skin is arranged, which i.a. is stationary.
- the space between the facade and the one in front Second glazing is arranged over the vertical Directed and / or ventilated through the openings provided and can also provide a shading system become.
- This is advantageously weatherproof, and by a double facade designed in this way both excellent thermal insulation and one natural ventilation even in rain and during the night, as well as good sound insulation achieved by the upstream, second glass skin even with the window open provides noise protection.
- the main disadvantages of Double facades are the high investment costs as well as that high dead weight in terms of the double facade load-bearing building lead to considerable structural problems can. There are also problems with increased Longitudinal sound line on. After all, training leads a double facade to special fire protection problems because between the surface of the double facade and the A chimney effect can occur on the outside of the building.
- window facades are also with Composite windows widely used, the composite window are openable and between the usually two Glass surfaces of the composite window one in this way may have protected sun protection.
- composite windows can be a good heat and Soundproofing can be achieved at investment costs that are lower than with a double facade.
- the disadvantages Such composite windows are, however, that the Investment costs are significantly lower than for one Double facade, but still higher than usual Window facades that they offer no noise protection, and that moreover, with the window open, no protection against Driving rain is given.
- the invention is based on the idea of two of each other use spaced, completely separate window sashes, which are highly insulating due to the spacing and are highly sound absorbing and with a simple construction one full and inexpensive replacement for one Provide ventilable double facade.
- the invention is based on Hinged window arrangement with at least one window frame, a first window sash, which is parallel to the window frame in a first opening direction is deployable, a second Window sash parallel to the window frame in one second exhibition direction is deployable, and one Drive unit with which the first and second window sash are exhibited, the first exhibition direction of the second direction is opposite.
- the opening window arrangement according to the invention are the first and the second casement can be opened, so that the Ventilation behavior is significantly improved. Because of the circumferential window gap achieved by the exhibition ideal ventilation behavior is achieved because both the emerging exhaust air as well as the incoming fresh air usually the same window gap is available.
- the first and second window sash are parallel to the Extendable window frame so that when open Window sashes against rain and noise a labyrinth and consequently adequate protection against driving rain and incoming noise is provided.
- movement of the window sash relative to the window frame understood or stick, with the wing preferred is always parallel to the floor, but also inclined Position of the wing relative to the stick is conceivable (wedge shape).
- the opening direction is the first Window wing of the opening direction of the second Window wing facing the opposite. In general, will one of the window sashes (the outer one) to the outside of the building the other window sash (the inner one) to the Open the inside of the building.
- the window frame in a double facade prevents chimney effect.
- the closed casement lie completely against the window frame.
- the Parallel structure of the opening window arrangement and the related leave the corresponding opening movement of the window sash through only partially flared window sashes ventilation conditions corresponding to current requirements create.
- the first window sash and the Open the second window sash to different degrees.
- the arrangement according to the invention in Install fixed openings of facades that essentially how openings are made for conventional windows, so that the structural requirements for the building are more easily met can be. It will be compared to the double facade achieved significant cost savings.
- the window frame and at least one of the window sashes has a side one Cover provided.
- the assembly of this side cover can partially on the one or the sash on the one hand the window frame, on the other hand, or both of these Components are made.
- the Window sashes act as parts of the cover for sealing together with the opposite components, so that the Arrangement in the closed state liquid and largely gas-tight and visible and open when open is protected from the weather. They are in the open state Opening properties of the cover by the degree of opening of the window sash can be influenced.
- a symmetrical configuration reduces the Number of the opening window arrangement according to the invention required components and enables a modular Structure, i.e. the one used to attach the first Window sash required components also for the Attachment of the second window sash can be used if so desired.
- the amount of The opening path of the first window wing is the same as that of the second Casement.
- the wall thickness of the Exterior facade used so that for example one of the Window sash flush when closed
- the outside of the facade, the other window sash in the closed Condition is flush with the inside of the facade.
- the drive unit arranged so that necessary construction measures when installing the invention Hinged window arrangement kept as low as possible become. This is especially for retrofitting one existing building facade of interest.
- the drive unit can contain a remote controlled electric motor.
- actuating means that according to the invention advantageously between the first and the second window sash are arranged.
- Actuating means are, for example, by lever Slide rods, scissors, cables, and / or springs are formed, these components used individually or in combination can be.
- the drive unit or in particular the actuating means as part of the drive unit, can also be in one preferred embodiment of the invention the limitation of Opening paths of the first and second window sash cause so that on additional components, such as attacks or the like can be dispensed with, which otherwise should be set. Furthermore, the limitation is before protected against unwanted manipulation.
- the window frame preferably has a central profile part and Side profile parts on each other by thermal insulation bars can be separated. This thermal separation can from the central profile part to the side of the first Casement as well as to the side of the second casement be provided.
- the opening window arrangement according to the present invention also includes a Sun protection.
- This sun protection can be special advantageously protected from the weather either between the both window sashes or in or on the outer Window sash be attached.
- When attaching the Have sun protection in or on the outer window sash Measurements show that incident sunlight without excessive darkening is particularly effectively shielded can be.
- the When installed between the two casements, the is Sun protection preferably attached to the window frame, whereby it is particularly protected from the wind.
- the He When attaching the He has a sun protection in or on the outer window sash better sun protection effect and is when open Flared window arrangement better.
- sun protection can, for example, blinds, fabric or film surfaces be used.
- the window sash are advantageously according to the present invention attached via fittings, the Hardware a rotary opening of the window sash enable.
- This rotary opening can be tilted or Flaps of the window sash can be provided.
- Such Rotating function is for cleaning the window sash particularly useful. It will be particularly advantageous viewed to fix the window sash over fittings, which are also applicable to fixed fields, so that the Can fully develop the advantages of a modular design.
- Hinged window arrangement a first window sash 10, one second window sash 20, a window frame 30, and one Drive unit 40.
- first window sash 10 as an outside window sash illustrated, i.e. it faces the outside of the building.
- the second window sash 20 is corresponding to the Facing the inside of the building. 1 are both Window sash shown in the closed state.
- the first window sash 10 includes a frame part 11, in which a window 16 is added.
- the frame part 11 is in the closed state via seals 14, 15 a side profile part 32 of the window frame 30.
- the second window sash 20 includes a room side Frame part 21 and a frame-side frame part 22. Die two frame parts 21, 22 are via thermal insulation webs 23 mechanically connected and thermally from each other Cut. In the frame parts 21, 22 is a window pane 26 included in this embodiment in Double glazing is designed.
- the second casement 20 lies in the closed state over a first seal 24 on a further side profile part 32 of the window frame 30, and via a second seal 25 on a central profile part 31 of the window frame 30.
- the window frame 30 comprises in the illustrated exemplary embodiment three profile parts, namely one Central profile part 31 and two side profile parts 32. Also these profile parts are mechanical via thermal insulation webs 33 interconnected and thermally separated. On in this way form the central profile part 31 on the one hand, the Side profile parts 32 on the other hand and the arrangement of these Profile parts 31, 32 to one another via the thermal insulation webs 33 different cavities that are beneficial for thermal insulation are.
- the thermal insulation webs 33 are made of one material low thermal conductivity but sufficient strength educated. On the one hand, they prevent a thermal bridge occurs between the profile parts 31, 32, on the other hand they give the window frame sufficient strength.
- the thermal insulation webs 23 of the second window sash 20 fulfill this double function.
- the drive unit 40 is arranged centrally in the central profile part 31. In the described embodiment, it essentially consists of an electric motor 42, which acts on an actuating rod 44 via a gear (not shown). The actuating rod is received in a form-fitting manner in a suitably designed cavity of the central profile part 31. A cable 46 is attached to it, which acts via deflections 48 on both the first window sash 10 and the second window sash 20.
- the drive unit 40 of this exemplary embodiment furthermore comprises a plurality of springs, which emerge in particular from the horizontal section of FIG. 2 and are explained further below in this connection.
- the drive unit 40 causes the first window sash 10 in the first opening direction A 1 , and the second window sash 20 in the second opening direction A 2 .
- the one Horizontal section of part of the opening window arrangement shows, in conjunction with FIG. 1, the drive unit 40 explained in more detail.
- the drive unit 40 has a cable 46 (see Fig. 1).
- the cable can be both horizontal and be arranged vertically and is over at one of its ends a suitable connection with the frame part 11 of the first Window sash 10, with its other end similar with the frame-side frame part 22 of the second window sash 20 connected (see also Fig. 6).
- the window sash 10, 20 with a interlocking side cover 50 may be provided.
- this is Cover 50 over a room-side element 51 and a outside element 52 formed.
- the room-side element 51 has a recess 53 into which the outside element 52 engages.
- the room-side element 51 is on the second Window sash 20, the outside element 52 on the first Window sash 10 attached. It should be noted that that Engagement of the outside element 52 in the recess 53 of the room-side element 51 takes place with play.
- a such shielding preferably made of plastic, which heat-insulating material is formed, allows the first window sash 10 and / or the second window sash 20 without additional heat insulation.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 Alternative embodiments are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 for the sun protection 60 of the opening window arrangement.
- Fig. 4 the sun protection is in an arrangement behind the first window sash 10 shown.
- the frame part 11 of the first window sash 10 points in this embodiment Fasteners for the spring 49 as part of the Drive unit and a fastener 61 as part of Sun protection 60 on.
- the sun protection 60 is therefore on first window sash 10 attached to the frame side and moved when you open the first window sash.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
- Duct Arrangements (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19834962A DE19834962C1 (de) | 1998-08-03 | 1998-08-03 | Ausstellfensteranordnung |
DE19834962 | 1998-08-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0978617A1 true EP0978617A1 (fr) | 2000-02-09 |
EP0978617B1 EP0978617B1 (fr) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=7876266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99114232A Expired - Lifetime EP0978617B1 (fr) | 1998-08-03 | 1999-07-27 | Dispositif d'ouverture de fenêtre |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0978617B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE209293T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19834962C1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0978617T3 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1273752A2 (fr) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-08 | Schwörer Haus KG | Double fenêtre pour maison à consommation d'énergie réduite |
WO2005085577A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-15 | Filippo Ramin | Systeme de fenetre automatique servant a realiser des economies d'energie, par utilisation de l'energie solaire pendant la saison froide, commande du rayonnement solaire en ete, isolation thermique, commande de l'incidence lumineuse a l'interieur, et regulation de l'aeration |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010054173B3 (de) * | 2010-12-11 | 2012-05-31 | Franz Hesedenz Gmbh | Dreh-Parallel-Ausstellfenster |
US10329759B2 (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2019-06-25 | Steelcase Inc. | Floor-to-ceiling partition wall assembly |
WO2015148951A1 (fr) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-10-01 | Steelcase Inc. | Système de panneaux transparents pour cloisons |
DE102020114095A1 (de) | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 | SCHÜCO International KG | Fenster mit einem Lüftungskanal |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8620381U1 (de) * | 1986-07-30 | 1986-10-09 | Wilhelm Weidtmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 5620 Velbert | Kastenfenster mit zwei an einem Rahmen angeordneten, wahlweise dreh- oder kippbaren Flügeln |
WO1995027118A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-12 | Joseph Michael Kral | Fenetre venturi |
DE19516103A1 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-07 | Ehrhard Wolff | Fensterkonstruktion mit Blendrahmen und Flügel |
DE29618789U1 (de) * | 1996-10-29 | 1997-02-13 | Giesen, Heinrich, 47608 Geldern | Sturmriegel-Doppel-Lüftung |
-
1998
- 1998-08-03 DE DE19834962A patent/DE19834962C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-07-27 DK DK99114232T patent/DK0978617T3/da active
- 1999-07-27 AT AT99114232T patent/ATE209293T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-27 DE DE59900672T patent/DE59900672D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-27 EP EP99114232A patent/EP0978617B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8620381U1 (de) * | 1986-07-30 | 1986-10-09 | Wilhelm Weidtmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 5620 Velbert | Kastenfenster mit zwei an einem Rahmen angeordneten, wahlweise dreh- oder kippbaren Flügeln |
WO1995027118A1 (fr) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-12 | Joseph Michael Kral | Fenetre venturi |
DE19516103A1 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-07 | Ehrhard Wolff | Fensterkonstruktion mit Blendrahmen und Flügel |
DE29618789U1 (de) * | 1996-10-29 | 1997-02-13 | Giesen, Heinrich, 47608 Geldern | Sturmriegel-Doppel-Lüftung |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1273752A2 (fr) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-08 | Schwörer Haus KG | Double fenêtre pour maison à consommation d'énergie réduite |
EP1273752A3 (fr) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-10-29 | Schwörer Haus KG | Double fenêtre pour maison à consommation d'énergie réduite |
WO2005085577A1 (fr) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-15 | Filippo Ramin | Systeme de fenetre automatique servant a realiser des economies d'energie, par utilisation de l'energie solaire pendant la saison froide, commande du rayonnement solaire en ete, isolation thermique, commande de l'incidence lumineuse a l'interieur, et regulation de l'aeration |
US7681619B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2010-03-23 | Filippo Ramin | Energy-saving automatic window obtained by using solar energy during the cold season, control of solar radiation in summer, thermal insulation, controlled internal incidence of light, controlled air exchange |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE209293T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
EP0978617B1 (fr) | 2001-11-21 |
DE19834962C1 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
DE59900672D1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
DK0978617T3 (da) | 2002-05-21 |
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