EP0971457B1 - Eindrücksteckverbinder - Google Patents
Eindrücksteckverbinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0971457B1 EP0971457B1 EP99401363A EP99401363A EP0971457B1 EP 0971457 B1 EP0971457 B1 EP 0971457B1 EP 99401363 A EP99401363 A EP 99401363A EP 99401363 A EP99401363 A EP 99401363A EP 0971457 B1 EP0971457 B1 EP 0971457B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- metallizations
- contact
- base
- slope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/26—Pin or blade contacts for sliding co-operation on one side only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
- H01R13/627—Snap or like fastening
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
- H01R2201/16—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for telephony
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insertion connection assembly for a mobile device, in particular for a mobile telephone.
- the mobile phone can thus be a handset used both in the field of GSM and a domestic way. More generally, the invention relates to all devices whose connection must be able to be performed simply, on demand. It could be for example any device based on a base to recharge its battery.
- the object of the invention is to solve a problem that occurs in insertion connection assemblies. Indeed, we consider in the domain of the connection two families of connectors. A first family concerns insert connectors, a second family concerns connectors by pressure. In both cases, a plug must be approached from a base, from a socket. The plug and socket have terminations providing contact and electrical cables connected to these terminations. In the pressure connection mode, the contact between conductive parts, normally metallic, of the plug with corresponding conductive parts of the base serves as a limit to the relative approximation of the base and the plug. With respect to the direction of approach of these two parts towards each other, the conductive parts are presented in a frontal manner.
- the contacts between the conductive areas of the plug and the base are generally made by sliding.
- the contact force is in this case lateral, that is to say perpendicular to the relative direction of advancement of the plug and the base.
- the sliding of the metal parts over one another can lead to their wear.
- landing connectors may be provided.
- the advance of the plug in the base causes a perpendicular displacement of the conductive areas of the base to come into contact, at the end of the race, the metal areas of the plug.
- the pressure connection assemblies are landing devices whose landing angle is large.
- Pressure connectors are poorly suited for plugs but are useful for chargers and vehicle kits.
- Insertion connectors are poorly suited for chargers and vehicle kits but well suited for making plugs.
- a pedestal to be installed in a car is envisaged.
- the base can be designed to receive a mobile phone to recharge the battery of this mobile phone while it rests in the base.
- the very fact of placing the mobile phone in the base switches audio channels (the speaker and the microphone) is on a headset microphone that the driver of the vehicle can wear on the head or on a speaker microphone assembly installed in the vehicle facing that driver to enable hands-free communication.
- the base it is also envisaged to use the base to relay the transmission of messages carried by this mobile phone.
- the relay is performed for example by a microwave link in home frequency (for example 27 MHz).
- a microcomputer it is planned to be able to connect a microcomputer to the base which is itself connected to the mobile telephone in order to use the latter as a means of transmission. digital data.
- the need for connection with the mobile phone can be very varied.
- the invention solves this problem and can at the same time be part of the existence of the mixed connectors, by pressure and insertion, to simultaneously allow at least two connections, from the base, to two different devices.
- it is possible to connect on the base at the same time a plug by pressure and a plug by insertion.
- only the insertion connection will actually be locked, the pressure connection remaining free. Therefore, rather than placing the lock of the connection assembly by pressure on the sides of the connector, it will be placed on an upper place of the latter. We will show that by doing so we can then place other connectors on the sides, increasing the connection possibilities of different devices.
- the invention therefore relates to an insertion connection assembly, as defined in claim 1.
- the figure shows in perspective a set of mixed connection for a mobile, including a mobile phone.
- All connection comprises a base 1 provided with a set of 2 frontal metallizations.
- the base 1 is also provided with a set 3 of lateral metallizations.
- the frontal metallizations are intended to serve as pressure contact by engagement of a plug against a front 4 of the base 1.
- the metallizations of the set 3 serve to establish insertion contacts with corresponding metallizations of a plug which would be engaged in a cavity 5 of the base 1.
- the front metallizations 6 of the game 2 and the lateral metallizations 7 of the game 3 can be respectively connected to each other. They are also connected to equipment, not shown in Figure la, as will be explained later.
- the connection assembly further comprises a set of cards 8 which in a preferred embodiment are complementary.
- a first plug 9 is intended to come into contact by pressure with the metallizations 6 of the game 2.
- a second plug 10 is intended to come into contact, by insertion, with the metallizations 7 of the game 3.
- the plug 9 has a generally parallelepipedal shape rectangle with a front edge 11 on which are outlaid metallizations such as 12 and 13 of a set of metallizations corresponding to the game 2.
- the metallizations 12 and 13 may in practice be in the form of lamellae. These strips extend on an upper face 14 of the parallelepiped of the plug 9.
- the plug 9 can be rigid, the extensions 15 and 16 of the frontal metallizations 12 and 13 being brought in a flexible cable, itself connected to equipment using this connection mode.
- the cable can be terminated at its other end by a connector, preferably of the insertion type, connectable to the equipment (for example a mobile phone).
- the extensions 15 and 16 can be placed at the bottom of channels arranged in the face 14, so as to have an electrical insulation vis-à-vis a metal object which would be placed on the face 14.
- the plug 10 has metallizations or conductive zones 17, 18 intended to come by sliding in contact with the metallizations 7 of the set 3.
- the plug 10 also has for this purpose a rigid end which fits into the cavity 5. This rigid end is connected to a flexible cable that extends the metallizations 17 and 18 to another equipment (for example a microcomputer).
- the connection of the metallizations 17 - 18 on the metallizations 7 is obtained by producing for example these metallizations in the form of flexible metal strips that repel each other during insertion.
- the cards 9 and 10 have forms of complementary preference.
- the plug 10 has a contact surface 19 intended to be placed, with or without electrical contact, above the face 14.
- the complementarity still concerns the existence of two reliefs with respect to a surface defined by these faces 14 and 19. These reliefs can be projecting or in cavity with respect to a front face of the base 1.
- the base 1 thus has two grooves 20 and 21 located on either side of a transverse extension 22 of the games 2 and 3 of metallizations.
- the plugs 9 and 10 respectively have a plating 23 and a plating 24. When the plug 9 is placed against the base 1, the plating 23 is embedded in the groove 20 placed on the right side of the transverse extension 22.
- the shell 23 is provided, at its engagement end, with a conical portion 25 facilitating the introduction and a sliding portion 26 providing guidance in the groove 20.
- the shell 24 has corresponding arrangements.
- the sliding portion may be longer to take advantage of the insertion length.
- the plug 9 may be used alone and to provide it symmetrically with a shell 27 of the same type as the shell 23.
- the complementarity of the plugs 9 and 10 will be obtained by sliding the plug 10 in a clearance 28 formed between the two sides 23 and 27.
- the cavity 5 may have other profiles. The other profiles must allow, at least, to correctly present each of the two cards on the base 1, the other card can also make use of the existence of reliefs, or grooves, made in the first form for housing in correspondence in the base 1. In any case, one plug may be in contact with the base without the other being there.
- the base 1 thus cooperates with two complementary plugs by superposition for the connection. It would nevertheless be possible, in the direction of the lateral extension 22, to provide other connection assemblies each comprising a base 1 with games 2 and 3. associated connections, and intended to cooperate with corresponding records.
- a triple pedestal 1 with a set 2-3 of eight-contact metallizations has thus been realized to ensure data transmission (for an eight-wire bus), a set of three contacts three to ensure the load. mobile device, and finally a game 2-3 of eight contacts also to deport all audio functions, the existence of a vibrator, a microphone-headphone etc.
- the three games are side by side.
- a groove 20 or 21 may be common two games.
- the figure 1b shows in section the preferred mounting of the plugs 9 and 10 in the base 1.
- the base 1 and includes lamellae 29 to form the metallizations 6 and 7 held in a molded structure constituting the base 1.
- the lamellae 29 have a front portion 6 to base 1, and a lateral portion 7 extending inside the cavity 5.
- the lamellae 29 also have, in a preferred variant, a rear extension 30 which also penetrates into the cavity 5.
- Part 6 of the lamella 29 is intended to cooperate electrically by contact with a front contact face 12 of a connection 16 of the plug 9.
- the portion 7 of the blade 29 is intended to cooperate electrically with a metallization 18 of the plug 10.
- the lamella 29 has thus a front 6-lateral part 7 capable of an elastic movement around an axis of rotation 31. As will be explained later this elastic movement contributes both to a good maintenance of the plug by pressing 9, and the good contact of the plug by insertion 10.
- the plug 9 by pressure is connected to a desktop charger, or a vehicle kit comprising a plug 39 to be connected to the cigarette lighter of a vehicle.
- the plug 10 is connected to a microcomputer 38.
- the plug 32 from the back is connected to a mobile phone.
- other sets of connections 2-3 may be arranged laterally according to extension 22 to allow the connection of a headset, or a small home frequency transceiver for wireless relaying of messages. mobile phone. This is particularly useful for people who do not have pockets where to put a mobile phone, put it in a bag and prefer to use a much lighter headset microphone to enter into conversation.
- the figures 1a and 1b show, according to the invention, a preferred mode of locking the plug 10 in the cavity 5.
- the plug 10, figure 1a has a planar notch 40.
- the base 1 comprises on a retaining flank 41 an elastic tongue 42.
- the retaining flank 41 is opposite a flank 43, internal to the cavity 5, against which plated metallizations 7 serving in the insertion connection.
- the tongue 42 has two slopes with respect to the flank 41.
- a first slope 44 is slightly inclined relative to the holding flank 41. This slope 44 serves for the easy engagement of the front part of the plug 10. At the time of this engagement one end of the tongue 42 is pushed into a clearance in the wall 41.
- the tongue 42 has a stop 45 with an inclination 46 much more pronounced.
- the abutment 45 is intended to abut against a wall 47 of the notch 40.
- the inclination 46 is strong so as to constitute an effective block against too natural removal of the plug 10.
- the slope 46 is not perpendicular to the face 45 to allow nevertheless this relieinsertion, by a sufficient force of traction on the plug 10.
- it may include an extraction ring 48.
- the notch 40 has a complementary manner to the slopes 44 and 46 a triangular profile. It would of course be possible to reverse, in the plug 10 and in the wall 41, the presence of the notch 40 and the tongue 42.
- the solution shown is however preferred because only in this case the base 1 must be provided different tongues 29 and 42. This simplifies the manufacture if these tongues are all metal.
- the tongue 42 may nevertheless be made of plastic.
- the base 1 and the plugs 9 and 10 can be obtained by completely conventional moldings.
- the figure 1c shows the juxtaposition of three insertion plugs 10 with planar notches 40.
- the three plugs are respectively used, and simultaneously inserted into the base 1, the audio function, the load and the data transfer function.
- the audio connector and the data transfer connector preferably have eight electrical contacts each.
- the presence of the notches 40 in the upper face allows such juxtaposition.
- the base 1 then comprises three cavities 5 juxtaposed, according to a lateral extension 22 metallizations, to each receive one of the three cards.
- the figure 2a shows in perspective a preferred embodiment of a pressure connection.
- a plug 9 comes to rest above the front blades 6 of the game 2.
- the plug 9 comprises in correspondence on a front edge 11 of the slats 12-13 to come into contact by pressure with the slats of the game 2.
- the slats 12 and 13 in their mechanical cooperation with the slats of the game 2, constitute a reaction force 49 tending to push the plug 9 upwards.
- the base 1 further comprises a set of hooks 50 and 51 intended to be hooked inside cavities arranged in the edge 11.
- the hooks 50-51 protruding above the front face 55 of the base 1, but it would be quite possible to invert the mechanism and to make the hooks 50 in the conical protrusions 25 of the planks 26 and 27 as appropriate (see figure 1a ). In doing so, the hooks 50 tend on the contrary to attract, by an elastic arrangement which will be shown later, the plug 9 in the direction 52 of the base 1.
- the forces 49 and 52 thus formed form according to the invention a reversal torque of the card 9 (or the mobile phone that would be provided at the bottom end of such a card).
- This reversal torque is fought either by the existence of a backrest 53 secured to the base 1, or by the thickness 54 of the front 55 of the base 1.
- the corresponding reaction force 56 is oriented in the same direction as the effort 49.
- the figure 2b schematically shows in section the cooperation of the hooks 50 and 51.
- Cavities 57 are formed in the edge 11 of the plug 9 facing pawns 58 carried by the base 1 (or vice versa).
- the pins 58 comprise the hooks 50.
- the cavities 57 are provided with hook tongues 59.
- the hook tongues 59 may be made at the time of manufacture by molding the plug 9.
- the tongues 59 project into the cavity 57 and are maintained in the structure of the plug 9.
- the maintenance can be a molding by holding for example.
- the tabs 59 comprise an end 60 intended to cooperate with a point 61 of a hook 50.
- the base is sufficiently heavy, or it is attached to a non-removable part (dashboard of the car), or again the operator uses both hands to disengage both pieces.
- the tip 61 thus has with respect to the end 60 two slopes respectively 62 and 63 whose inclination will be chosen according to the ease and difficulty, insertion and tearing desired.
- the front face 55 of the base 1 comprises an inclined plane 64 which can accept a tongue 6 at the time of insertion if the embedding direction is not well perpendicular to the face 55
- the inclined plane 64 promotes in particular a setting up with a slight rotation of the plug 9 in the base 1. This rotation associated with the specific shape of the pins 58 allows to insert and extract the plug 9 of the base 1 without any effort.
- the Figure 2c shows a variant of these hooks.
- the base 1 comprises on its edge 55 a cavity 65 provided with an overhang 66.
- the plug 9 comprises a hook 67 provided with an elastic hook 68.
- the hook 67 of the plug 9 is lowered into the cavity 65.
- the plug 9 is rectified. This straightening is facilitated by the presence of telescopic electrical contacts 69 bearing, in alignment, above the overhang 66.
Landscapes
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
Claims (5)
- Verbindungseinheit durch Einschieben, vor allem für Mobiltelefone, einen mit einer Aufnahme (5) ausgestatteten Sockel (1) umfassend, eine eine Gruppe (3) erster Metallbeläge (7) aufnehmende Kontaktfläche (43) dieser Aufnahme, die gemäß einer transversalen Erweiterung (22) in einer Einschubrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und einen Stecker (10), der auf einer Kontaktfläche (19) mit zweiten Metallbelägen (17, 18) ausgestattet ist, wobei die ersten Metallbeläge mit den zweiten Metallbelägen durch Einschieben des Steckers in den Sockel in Kontakt kommen müssen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen elastischen Mechanismus zum Einführen und Verriegeln des Steckers (10) im Sockel (1) senkrecht zur Einschubrichtung zwischen einer Fixierfläche (41) dieser Aufnahme, die der Kontaktfläche (43) gegenüberliegt, und einer Fixierfläche (40) des Steckers, die der Kontaktfläche (19) gegenüberliegt, umfasst, wobei der Mechanismus einerseits eine elastische Zunge (42) auf der Fixierfläche (41) und andererseits eine Nut (40) auf der Fixierfläche (40) umfasst, um ein freies Ende der geneigten Zunge aufzunehmen, wobei sich die elastische Zunge (42) in die Aufnahme erstreckt und zwei gegenüberliegende Neigungen (44, 46) aufweist, wobei eine erste Neigung (44) im Verhältnis zur Fixierfläche (41) leicht geneigt ist, um ein problemloses Festspannen des Steckers (10) im Sockel zu erlauben, und eine zweite Neigung (46) auf einem Anschlag des freien Endes, die dazu bestimmt ist, gegen eine Wand (47) der Nut zu stoßen, wobei die zweite Neigung im Verhältnis zur Fixierfläche (41) ausreichend stark ausgewählt ist, um ein wirksames Verriegeln zu ermöglichen, wobei die zweite Neigung (46) im weiteren nicht senkrecht zur Fixierfläche ist, um ein Lösen des Steckers durch Ziehen am Stecker zu ermöglichen.
- Einheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nut (4) ein dreieckiges Profil in Ergänzung zur ersten Neigung und zur zweiten Neigung besitzt.
- Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Zunge aus Metall oder Kunststoff ist.
- Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie im Sockel eine Gruppe (2) Metallbeläge (6) durch Druck und einen Kontaktstecker (9) durch Druck umfasst, der mit Metallbelägen (12, 13) ausgestattet ist, um der Verbindung durch Einschieben gleichzeitig eine Verbindung durch Druck zu gewährleisten.
- Einheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Sockel mit drei nebeneinander liegenden Aufnahmen umfasst, um gleichzeitig drei Stecker aufzunehmen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9808831 | 1998-07-09 | ||
FR9808831A FR2781091B1 (fr) | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | Ensemble de connexion a insertion |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0971457A1 EP0971457A1 (de) | 2000-01-12 |
EP0971457B1 true EP0971457B1 (de) | 2008-05-28 |
Family
ID=9528483
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99401363A Expired - Lifetime EP0971457B1 (de) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-06-07 | Eindrücksteckverbinder |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6210201B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0971457B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000082545A (de) |
AU (1) | AU738859B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2274624A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69938807D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2308831T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2781091B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1296421B8 (de) * | 2001-09-20 | 2006-02-01 | BenQ Corporation | Verbinder |
AT414197B (de) * | 2002-10-01 | 2006-10-15 | Akg Acoustics Gmbh | Drahtloser kopfhörer mit anschlussbuchse |
US20040235533A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-11-25 | Bae Hyon S. | Hands-free cradle and kit |
US7801573B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-09-21 | Vtech Telecommunications Limited | Magnetic holder for rechargeable devices |
US20090111320A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | Enhanced universal serial bus connector |
DE102019204226B4 (de) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-06-09 | Hanon Systems Efp Deutschland Gmbh | Stecker füreine Steckverbindung an einer elektrischen Einheit, sowie Verfahren zur Herstel-lung eines Steckers für eine Steckverbindung an einer elektrischen Einheit |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US923327A (en) | 1908-10-17 | 1909-06-01 | Frank A Champlin | Electrical-connection rosette. |
US2486195A (en) | 1945-10-18 | 1949-10-25 | John H Munsey | Multiwire connector |
FR2623945B1 (fr) * | 1987-11-30 | 1990-04-27 | Marechal Sepm | Prise de courant a contacts a pression |
US5052943A (en) | 1989-03-23 | 1991-10-01 | Norand Corporation | Recharging and data retrieval apparatus |
CH678777A5 (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1991-10-31 | Detlef Swoboda | Electrical plug and socket with resilient locking mechanism - constituted by strip of plastic at edge of socket which snaps into recess of engaged plug |
US5234353A (en) | 1992-03-03 | 1993-08-10 | Amp Incorporated | Hybrid input/output connector having low mating force and high cycle life and contacts therefor |
IE80506B1 (en) | 1992-05-08 | 1998-08-26 | Molex Inc | Electrical connector with contact anti-overstress means |
IE922722A1 (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1994-04-20 | Molex Inc | Electrical connector system |
US5415570A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1995-05-16 | At&T Corp. | Modular connector with contacts associated with more than one surface |
GB2293283B (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1999-02-24 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Combined connector contact |
US5554042A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-10 | Trimble Navigation, Limited | Resilient body electrical connector system |
DE69609733T2 (de) | 1995-03-16 | 2001-04-12 | Whitaker Corp | Verbindungssystem für tragbares telefon |
JP3047159B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-09 | 2000-05-29 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | コネクタ嵌合構造 |
US5879199A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-03-09 | Berg Technology, Inc. | Modular jack assembly and universal housing for use therein |
JPH09259964A (ja) | 1996-03-22 | 1997-10-03 | Kel Corp | 面接触コネクタ |
DE19611423C1 (de) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-05-22 | Siemens Ag | Elektrischer Verbinder |
US5993231A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1999-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electric connector |
JP3351999B2 (ja) | 1997-08-28 | 2002-12-03 | ヒロセ電機株式会社 | 電気コネクタ |
-
1998
- 1998-07-09 FR FR9808831A patent/FR2781091B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-07 ES ES99401363T patent/ES2308831T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-07 DE DE69938807T patent/DE69938807D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-07 CA CA002274624A patent/CA2274624A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-07 EP EP99401363A patent/EP0971457B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-10 US US09/329,205 patent/US6210201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-30 JP JP18463099A patent/JP2000082545A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-08 AU AU39117/99A patent/AU738859B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3911799A (en) | 2000-02-03 |
ES2308831T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
CA2274624A1 (fr) | 2000-01-09 |
FR2781091B1 (fr) | 2000-08-11 |
JP2000082545A (ja) | 2000-03-21 |
AU738859B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
DE69938807D1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
US6210201B1 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
EP0971457A1 (de) | 2000-01-12 |
FR2781091A1 (fr) | 2000-01-14 |
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