EP0968913B1 - Elektrodenanordnung an einem Schiff zur Vermeidung biologischen Bewuchses des Unterwasserschiffs - Google Patents
Elektrodenanordnung an einem Schiff zur Vermeidung biologischen Bewuchses des Unterwasserschiffs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0968913B1 EP0968913B1 EP99111437A EP99111437A EP0968913B1 EP 0968913 B1 EP0968913 B1 EP 0968913B1 EP 99111437 A EP99111437 A EP 99111437A EP 99111437 A EP99111437 A EP 99111437A EP 0968913 B1 EP0968913 B1 EP 0968913B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- submerged part
- electrode
- water
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
Definitions
- the invention relates to an underwater ship with an electrode assembly on the underwater vessel to avoid biological growth of the underwater hull, especially in seawater.
- For non-conductive underwater vessels one has either a conductive surface coating provided or one often for humans or animal-harming antibiotic topcoat.
- JP 6 113 66 89 describes a electrically conductive underwater hull on which electrodes with the interposition of electrically insulating intermediate strips are attached.
- One just below the water pass arranged electrode is a sacrificial anode, the Copper ions separates into the ambient water of the underwater hull, so that the electrolyte one between the top arranged Sacrificial anode and one at the bottom of the underwater ship
- the invention is specifically concerned with avoidance a biological growth of a non-conductive underwater vessel, for example, such a wooden or a plastic, such as with reinforcement through Fiberglass or carbon fiber.
- the invention is especially based on the object with particularly simple as well as harmless to humans and animals Means the non-conductive underwater ship permanently to be kept free from biological growth.
- the electrode arrangement is in the region of a keel of the underwater vessel appropriate.
- An electrode is in the the lowest part of the keel and the plunge in the water another electrode still arranged in the keel area above and forms an electrolytic cell with the surrounding water, the from a local land network with direct current can be fed.
- the ship is stationary above the electrolytic cell areas of the underwater ship by in the ambient water of the electrolytic Cell from ascending toxic bubbles of biological growth kept free or freed. It is thereby from the Assumed that when the ship is a biological Fouling of the underwater hull does not take place.
- One Operation of such an electrolytic cell is therefore included not intended for a moving ship.
- the invention is initially characterized by that practically the water-facing surface of the electric non-conductive underwater ship from the water level to the deepest point of the ship's hull as areal Electrolytic cell or one in the circumferential direction of the ship successive successive arrangement of such areal Is designed electrolyte cells, in which or which the ambient water of the underwater ship the electrolyte forms.
- the effort is relatively small, because only two each extending around the underwater ship Electrodes, or a series of such electrodes, together needed with an on-board low power supply.
- the voltage and power requirements preferably according to claim 7 at most 50 mA because of the high ion concentration extremely low in the electrolytic cell and yet sufficient out, a biological growth of the underwater ship already in the phase of its possible emergence to prevent.
- the invention does not exclude, only on partial areas of the underwater hull.
- the electrode arrangement is as in the JP 61136689 used in the sense of claim 2 around the ship.
- di electrode polarity made so that the positive electrode respectively above and the negative electrode respectively arranged below is, being in the range of the negative electrode in particular critical lower areas the alkaline environment of the underwater vessel is produced.
- the invention comes with the ambient water of the underwater hull as the sole electrolyte, without the ambient water by further ions to be evaluated as toxic, as the toxic bubbles in the case of US-A-3625852 or the copper ions in the case of JP 61136689, accumulate and without Build up a layer of precipitation on the underwater ship to have to.
- the electrodes can be designed in any known manner be. Preferred in view of their continuous operability is their training from iron-based alloys, For example V2A steel or even better V4A steel and their Use as applied directly to the underwater vessel Metal foils (claims 4 and 5).
- the electrolytic weak-current cells are preferred operated in continuous operation with direct current (see again JP 61136689), so that during the whole operation of the Ship a vegetation of the underwater ship is avoided. It can be in the limit of this continuous operation on the whole Time to stretch, in which the ship lies in the water and itself not currently in a dry dock. But you can also the operation of the only ones located around the ship Electrolytic cell or a number of such Intermittent electrolyte cells arranged around the ship turn on and off the DC, if, for example, the power source is needed for other purposes or the circumstances are such that the emergence of fouling is very takes place slowly and by intermittent operation of the invention Be adequately controlled electrode arrangement can. Likewise, you might think about using the DC regularly or to pulse irregularly continuously.
- the power sources are conventional dry batteries or rechargeable batteries in question, to their respective recharging or also continuous charging the on-board battery and / or a solar cell or serve an array of multiple solar cells or at least can be used, if not shore power is available, then in accordance with low power is to be subordinated. It turns out that without much effort even with a smaller sailing yacht by a relative small solar cell, the required operating current of the invention Electrode arrangement generates tags and otherwise in stored in a battery or dry cell for the night can be.
- the single figure shows schematically a side view a sailing yacht with the lower part of the superstructures of the boat hull.
- the figure concerns a sailing yacht made of fiberglass.
- the upper ship 2 is from the lower ship 4 through the Wasserpbel 6 divided, which is the immersion depth of the sailing yacht limited to the water.
- a keel 8 To the lower ship 4 is a keel 8, which is only over a small length of the overhead area of the lower hull 4 extends. In the specific case is on lower end of the keel the length in the area between one Third and one fifth of the length of the upper range of the Under the ship.
- a positive electrode 10 Just below the water pass 6 extends around the upper elongated area of the lower hull 4 is a positive electrode 10 closed all around.
- Around the lowest end of the keel 8 extends one negative electrode 12. Both electrodes 10 and 12 are made made of metal foil stuck on the lower ship, here one Iron-based alloy.
- the length of the negative electrode 12 is not only thereby reduced compared to the length of the positive electrode, that they are only over part of the length of the lower hull 4 extends, but also in that the lower portion of the keel 8, at its lower end the negative electrode 12 is arranged, also in the width direction much narrower is as the width of the area of the lower hull 4, at the positive electrode 10 is arranged.
- the two electrodes 10 and 12 are together with which surrounds the lower hull 4 below the water pass 6 Water, here seawater, practically all the surface the bottom of the vessel occupying single electrolyte cell whose Electrolyte is the surrounding seawater itself.
- This electrolytic cell requires only one DC-current power supply in low-voltage technology.
- the water fun 6 is at higher quality ships on Boat hull and can be seen in other ships the location of the water level can be described. In both Cases could also speak of the waterline.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Description
Claims (13)
- Unterwasserschiff mit einer Elektrodenanordnung an dem Unterwasserschiff (4) zur Vermeidung eines biologischen Bewuchses des Unterwasserschiffs (4), insbesondere in Meerwasser, wobei an der dem Wasser zugewandten Oberfläche des Unterwasserschiffs (4) mindestens eine gleichstromgespeiste elektrolytische Zelle ausgebildet ist, bei der Umgebungswasser des Unterwasserschiffs (4) als das Elektrolyt vorgesehen ist und eine als negative Elektrode schaltbare erste Elektrodenart (12) sich längs des am tiefsten ins Wasser eintauchenden Bereichs des Unterwasserschiffs (4) erstreckt und eine als positive Elektrode schaltbare zweite Elektrodenart (10) sich oberhalb der ersten Elektrodenart (12) längs des Unterwasserschiffes (4) erstreckt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Unterwasserschiff (4) elektrisch nicht leitend ausgebildet ist,
daß die zweite Elektrodenart (10) knapp unterhalb des Wasserpasses (6) bzw. des Wasserspiegels angeordnet ist,
daß die gleichstromgespeiste elektrolytische Zelle eine Schwachstromzelle mit einer Stromquelle von nicht mehr als 24 Volt Nennspannung ist, und
daß diese Stromquelle an Bord des Schiffes angeordnet und zur Vermeidung des Entstehens von Bewuchs während des ganzen Betriebes des Schiffes fortwährend zum Betrieb der Schwachstromzelle schaltbar ist. - Unterwasserschiff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Elektrode (10) und/oder die negative Elektrode (12) sich jeweils rings um das Unterwasserschiff (4) erstreckt bzw. erstrecken.
- Unterwasserschiff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die knapp unterhalb des Wasserpasses (6) bzw. des Wasserspiegels angeordnete Elektrode eine positive Elektrode (10) ist
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Elektrode (10) und/oder die negative Elektrode (8) an einer Legierung auf Eisenbasis, vorzugsweise V2R-Stahl oder V4A-Stahl besteht bzw. bestehen.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Elektrode (10) und/oder die negative Elektrode (12) von einer auf das Unterwasserschiff (4) aufgebrachten Metallfolie, gebildet ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrolytische Schwachstromzelle von einer Stromquelle mit nicht mehr als 24 Volt, vorzugsweise 12 Volt, Nennspannung gespeist ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromstärke in der jeweiligen elektrolytischen Schwachstromzelle auf höchstens 50 mA beschränkt ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sich längs des am tiefsten ins Wasser eintauchenden Bereichs des Unterwasserschiffs (4) erstreckende Elektrode am unteren Ende eines Schiffskiels (8) angeordnet ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der jeweiligen elektrolytischen Schwachstromzelle die sich längs des Unterwasserschiffs (4) knapp unterhalb des Wasserpasses (6) bzw. des Wasserspiegels erstreckende Elektrode eine wesentlich größere Längenerstreckung in Umfangsrichtung des Unterwasserschiffs (4) als die sich längs des am tiefsten ins Wasser eintauchenden Bereichs des Unterwasserschiffs (4) erstreckende Elektrode hat.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrolytische Schwachstromzelle mit einem Dauergleichstrom betrieben ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrolytische Schwachstromzelle mit einem gepulsten Gleichstrom betrieben ist.
- Unterwasserschiff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, gekennzeichnet durch eine Trockenbatterie oder einen Akku als Stromquelle.
- Unterwasserschiff nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Aufladung des Akkus oder der Trockenbatterie die Bordbatterie und/oder eine Solarzelle vorgesehen ist bzw. sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1998128961 DE19828961C1 (de) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | Elektrodenanordnung an einem elektrisch nicht leitenden Unterwasserschiff zur Vermeidung dessen biologischen Bewuchses |
| DE19828961 | 1998-06-29 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0968913A2 EP0968913A2 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
| EP0968913A3 EP0968913A3 (de) | 2001-11-21 |
| EP0968913B1 true EP0968913B1 (de) | 2005-11-02 |
Family
ID=7872378
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99111437A Expired - Lifetime EP0968913B1 (de) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-06-11 | Elektrodenanordnung an einem Schiff zur Vermeidung biologischen Bewuchses des Unterwasserschiffs |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0968913B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19828961C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2252890T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1021789C2 (nl) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Sraf Nederland B V | Anti-fouling inrichting. |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3625852A (en) * | 1969-06-27 | 1971-12-07 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Marine antifouling system |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3241512A (en) * | 1964-02-12 | 1966-03-22 | William G Green | Anti-fouling, barnacles, algae, eliminator |
| US3497434A (en) * | 1967-07-20 | 1970-02-24 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Method for preventing fouling of metal in a marine environment |
| GB1597305A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1981-09-03 | Riffe W J | Marine potentiometric antifouling and anticorrosion device |
| JPS61136689A (ja) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-06-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 海洋生物付着防止装置 |
| US5643424A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1997-07-01 | Marine Environmental Research, Inc. | Apparatus for the prevention of fouling and/or corrosion of structures in seawater, brackish water and/or fresh water |
| FR2638704A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-09 | 1990-05-11 | Intersub France | Procede pour proteger des surfaces immergees contre les salissures biologiques et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
-
1998
- 1998-06-29 DE DE1998128961 patent/DE19828961C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-11 EP EP99111437A patent/EP0968913B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-11 ES ES99111437T patent/ES2252890T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-11 DE DE59912729T patent/DE59912729D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3625852A (en) * | 1969-06-27 | 1971-12-07 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Marine antifouling system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59912729D1 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
| ES2252890T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
| DE19828961C1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
| EP0968913A2 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
| EP0968913A3 (de) | 2001-11-21 |
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