EP0951039B1 - Sectionneur de puissance - Google Patents

Sectionneur de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0951039B1
EP0951039B1 EP99810242A EP99810242A EP0951039B1 EP 0951039 B1 EP0951039 B1 EP 0951039B1 EP 99810242 A EP99810242 A EP 99810242A EP 99810242 A EP99810242 A EP 99810242A EP 0951039 B1 EP0951039 B1 EP 0951039B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
breaker according
exhaust
pressure chamber
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99810242A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0951039A1 (fr
Inventor
Lukas Dr. Zehnder
Kurt Dr. Kaltenegger
Lutz Dr. Niemeyer
Thomas Dr. Schoenemann
Günter Dr. Speckhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0951039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0951039A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0951039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0951039B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker, as in Power plants, substations and other facilities of the Electrical energy supply for switching on and off Operating and overcurrents are used.
  • EP-B-0 177 714 is a generic Circuit breaker known in which the pressure volume is only about the heating volume is connected to the exhaust. thats why an immediate relief of the pressure chamber at high Amperages not possible. To avoid excess pressure with large currents, the pressure chamber and heating volume must be like this be designed accordingly, so that the pressure build-up at smaller flows make only a small contribution to the extinction of the arc. With the known Generic circuit breaker is to avoid Therefore pressurize the arc space directly with the exhaust connected. A similarly constructed circuit breaker is known from EP-A-0 456 139.
  • the invention is based on the object Specify generic switch at which the Energy output from the arc, especially the pinch pressure as effective as possible for blowing the arc is exploited so that even with high switching capacities and without large, high performance of the switching drive mechanical blowing devices required a quick Interruption of the circuit is guaranteed. at the same time however, the switch should be overloaded by overpressure avoided at very high currents.
  • a housing 1 has the a switching axis 2 is essentially rotationally symmetrical with an upper housing part 3 and a lower housing part 4, both made of metal, which by a cylindrical middle housing part 5 made of insulating material are.
  • the housing parts 3, 4 are each with the opposite connections of the circuit breaker connected.
  • an outside Rated current path which are each on the upper Housing part 3 and the lower housing part 4, circumferentially spaced apart in the axial direction fixed nominal current contacts, an upper fixed Rated current contact 6 and a lower fixed Nominal current contact 7 includes and a movable Rated current contact 8 with in the circumferential direction successive, each the distance between the fixed nominal current contacts 6, 7 bridging Contact fingers.
  • the movable nominal current contact 8 is with a switching drive, not shown, connected by which he is in the axial direction between the Switch-on position, in which he the gap between the upper fixed nominal current contact 6 and the lower bridged fixed current contact 7 and the Switch-off position, in which it from the upper fixed Nominal current contact 6 is spaced, is displaceable.
  • the upper housing part 3 is through a horizontal partition 9 completed down. It carries the fixed part a burn-up switching arrangement 10.
  • the partition 9 In a central opening the partition 9 is a contact tulip as the first switching piece 11 stored with several in the circumferential direction successive, diagonally down and against the Switching axis 2 directed, separated by slots elastic contact fingers.
  • the contact tulip 11 opposite is a nozzle 12 surrounding the switching axis 2 made of electrical insulating material arranged in the shape of a funnel constricting upwards.
  • slide guide 13 which also establishes a good electrical connection as a second switching piece axially by means of the switching drive movable switching pin 14 mounted in the Switch-on position protrudes into the contact tulip 11 and from it Contact fingers is touched on the outside. The same will happen elastically deformed so that they are proportionate exert high contact pressure on the switching pin 14.
  • the Slideway 13 is anchored to a partition 15, which closes the lower housing part 4 upwards. In a The central opening of the partition 15 is the nozzle 12 attached.
  • the switching pin 14 In the off position, the switching pin 14 is down drawn so that its tip is below the nozzle 12. Is between the contact tulip 11 and the switching pin 14 then an arc space 16, in which between the said switching elements has formed an arc 17.
  • the arc room 16 is of a coherent surrounded annular heating volume 18 with it through the the gap separating the contact tulip 11 from the nozzle 12, the forms a circumferential blow slot 19, is connected. Outside is the heating volume 18 through a peripheral wall 20 made of insulating material.
  • On the partition 15 are several, e.g. B. four distributed over the circumference Blow cylinder 21 actuated by the shift drive Blow piston 22 arranged, each with blow channels 23 with the heating volume 18 are connected. In the mouths of the Blow channels 23 in the heating volume 18 are each Check valves 24 installed.
  • a pressure chamber 25 which extends through the upwardly expanding contact tulip 11 and a subsequent annular cover 26 and a cap 27, both Made of electrically insulating material, the latter surrounding the cover 26 at a distance and abutting the partition 9 outside it.
  • the cover 26 and the cap 27 spaced from it form between them a return channel 28 which is rotationally symmetrical about the switching axis 2 and which leads radially outwards from the pressure chamber 25 on all sides, so that its cross section widens there continuously, and then bends downward and in the axial direction is led to the heating volume 18.
  • a check valve 29 is installed in the mouth of the return duct 28 into the heating volume 18.
  • a central exhaust opening 31 is provided in the cap 27 as an exhaust, which connects the pressure chamber 25 to the interior of the upper housing part 3, which serves as an exhaust volume 30.
  • a further exhaust volume 30 ′ in the lower housing part 4 adjoins the arc space 16 below.
  • the entire housing 1 is filled with an insulating gas, preferably SF 6 .
  • the pressure chamber 25 and the return duct 28, possibly also the heating volume 18 can be several millimeters thick layer of a suitable material lined be, e.g. B. with polyoxymethylene, very high molecular weight Polyethylene, polypropylene, plexiglass, polytetrafluoroethylene, Melamine resins or other plastics that may be with strong steam-generating inclusions can be offset. There the quality requirements are not very high, too Recycled be used. If pressure chamber, return duct and possibly heating volume not as shown in electrically insulating material existing parts, but those made of metal are such Lining particularly useful since it is the Metal vapor entry into the insulating gas, which leads to a Deterioration of the dielectric properties of the same leads, significantly reduced. Furthermore, through Evaporation of the material increases the amount of gas and the gas pressure and at the same time energy is absorbed, which is both Improves the extinguishing effect.
  • a suitable material lined be e.g. B. with polyoxymethylene, very high molecular weight Polyethylene,
  • the pressure build-up is supported by the movement of the Blow piston 22, which an insulating gas flow from the Blow piston 21 via the blow channels 23 into the heating volume 18 causes. If the one also built up by other influences Pressure exceeds the blowing pressure, they close Check valves 24 and prevent gas from escaping from the heating volume 18 into the blowing channels 23.
  • Heating volume 18 Another very important contribution to pressure building in Heating volume 18 is determined by the pinch pressure of the arc 17 delivered by a rapid contraction of the same is generated in the area of the switching axis 2 and briefly a strong axial flow from the arc space 16 into the Pressure chamber 25 and a strong increase in pressure in the same causes. This pressure is partly exerted on the Return channel 28 derived into the heating volume 18. It is it is favorable that the flow resistance in the return duct 28 thanks to the expansion of the cross section of the same and its direct management and installation-free training very low is.
  • the check valve 29 at the mouth of the Return channel 28 in the heating volume 18 in turn prevents that the gas flows out of the heating volume 18 when the Pressure the one in the pressure chamber 25, the usual declines relatively quickly, surpasses.
  • Circuit breaker that is otherwise essentially the same can be constructed like the circuit breaker according to the first embodiment, corresponds in basic structure and many details of those described there Consumable.
  • the first contact piece next to a contact tulip 11a one of the same in Switch-off direction upstream, with it electrically conductive connected combustion ring 32a, the inside diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the Switch pin 14.
  • the second switching piece includes next to the axially displaceable switching pin 14 one with the partition 15 electrically contacting fixed contact tulip 11b and a likewise fixed one, the contact tulip 11b in Switch-on direction upstream, with it electrically conductive connected burn ring 32b.
  • the two burn rings 32a, b lie against each other, each by a ring 33a or 33b shielded by electrically insulating material and by the circumferential blow slot 19, the one of a circumferential Wall 20 surrounded by electrically insulating material Heating volume 18 with the between the burn rings 32a, b lying arc room 16 connects, separately opposite.
  • the pressure chamber 25a is over several, for. B. four exhaust pipes 34a, which start on its side wall and obliquely are directed above and outside and the return channel 28a cross, connected to an exhaust volume 30a, the Pressure chamber 25b in the same way via corresponding Exhaust pipes 34b with an exhaust volume 30b.
  • the one on the Pressure chamber 25a is arranged on the side of the first switching element also via a central, expanding upwards Relief opening 35 in the cap 27a with the Exhaust volume 30a connected, which, however, by a rounded conical piston 36 of a pressure relief valve 37, which is pressed into the opening 35 by plate springs 38 is closed.
  • the switching pin 14 When switching off, the switching pin 14 is first from the Contact tulip 11a pulled. This creates an arc between these parts, which if the top of the Switch pin 14 is pulled through the erosion ring 32a of the contact tulip 11a commutates thereon. If so Tip of the switching pin 14 the further erosion ring 32b happens, the other end of the arc commutates this. The arc now connects the two burn rings 32a, b. The switch pin 14 is moved further down until he has released the pressure chamber 25b.
  • the heating volume 18 is essentially the same as already in connection with the first embodiment described a high pressure built up.
  • the Pinch pressure through the double formation of pressure space and Return channel fully used. Overpressure is in the Usually through the exhaust pipes 34a and 34b, so are dimensioned in such a way that they build up a normal pressure the pressure spaces 25a, b do not prevent in the Exhaust volumes 30a, b derived. If in the pressure chamber 25a for example because of the very great strength of the electricity to be switched off the pressure rises very much, especially a strong one axial pressure surge occurs, as there is in Fig. 2 on the right shown, the pressure relief valve 37, the relief opening 35 free and thus creates additional pressure relief.
  • Burn-up switching arrangement according to the third embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention corresponds in essential, in particular in the structure and arrangement of Contact pieces, those according to the first embodiment.
  • the equally trained parts of the Burn-up switching arrangement is concerned accordingly referred to the description there.
  • the remaining parts of the Circuit breakers can according to the first Embodiment to be formed.
  • the pressure chamber 25 is similar for this as with the switch according to the second embodiment in this case five evenly distributed over the circumference Exhaust pipes 34 connected to the exhaust volume 30.
  • each is preferably in the same number as that Exhaust pipes 34 arranged between them, according to relief openings 39 widening on the outside in the cap 27 provided the return duct 28 with the exhaust volume 30 connect. They are located in the area where the Return channel 28 from the radial in the axial direction bends and each in a similar way to the switch according to the second embodiment by a flattened conical piston 40 of a pressure relief valve 41 closed, which of disc springs 42 in the Relief opening 39 is pressed.
  • the specified embodiments can be in many Can be modified without changing the scope of the Invention would leave. So z. B. heating volume and Return channel can be divided radially. Training the Switch pieces, the blowing device and the arc room can be modified very largely.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Disjoncteur comportant au moins un dispositif pare-étincelles (10) qui comporte une première pièce de contact et une deuxième pièce de contact mobile entre une première position de branchement dans laquelle elle touche la première pièce de contact et une position de débranchement dans laquelle elle est écartée de la première pièce de contact d'une distance de commutation dans la direction axiale et dans laquelle elle libère un espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux situé entre les pièces de contact, un volume de chauffe (18) relié à l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux et au moins un échappement par lequel l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux est relié à au moins un volume d'échappement (30; 30a, 30b), ainsi qu'au moins un espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) qui se raccorde axialement à l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux et qui est relié au volume de chauffe (18), caractérisé en ce qu'un échappement part de chaque chambre sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) et relie ces dernières à un volume d'échappement (30; 30a, 30b).
  2. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première pièce de contact forme une ouverture qui entoure l'axe de contact (2) et dans laquelle la deuxième pièce de contact, qui touche le bord de l'ouverture, pénètre dans la position de branchement, la deuxième pièce de contact reliant l'espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) à l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux dans la position de débranchement.
  3. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la première pièce de contact comprend une cuvette fixe de contact (11; 11a) dotée de plusieurs doigts de contact.
  4. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les doigts de contact sont orientés au moins obliquement par rapport à l'axe de contact (2) sur au moins une partie de leur longueur.
  5. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la première pièce de contact comprend un anneau pare-étincelles (32a) fixe disposé en amont de ses autres parties dans l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux.
  6. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième pièce de contact comprend une tige mobile de contact (14).
  7. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième pièce de contact comprend une cuvette fixe de coulissement (11b) qui entoure la tige de contact (14) et qui est en contact électriquement conducteur avec cette dernière au moins dans la position de branchement.
  8. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième pièce de contact comprend un anneau pare-étincelles fixe (32b) qui entoure la tige de contact (14) dans la position de branchement et qui est placé en avant de cette dernière dans l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux dans la position de débranchement.
  9. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une douille (12) en matériau électriquement isolant disposée dans l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux.
  10. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le volume de chauffe (18) entoure en anneau l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux et présente au moins une ouverture d'extinction dirigée vers cet espace.
  11. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le volume de chauffe (18) entoure l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux d'un seul tenant, l'ouverture d'extinction étant configurée comme fente périphérique d'extinction (19).
  12. Disjoncteur selon les revendications 5, 8 et 11, caractérisé en ce que la fente d'extinction (19) est située entre l'anneau pare-étincelles (32a) de la première pièce de contact et l'anneau pare-étincelles (32b) de la deuxième pièce de contact.
  13. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la liaison de l'espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) au volume de chauffe (18) est réalisée par au moins un canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) qui s'étend d'abord au moins sensiblement radialement vers l'extérieur et est ensuite courbé vers le volume de chauffe (18) dans une direction au moins sensiblement axiale.
  14. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale du canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) augmente sur au moins une partie du parcours qui conduit de la chambre sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) au volume de chauffe (18).
  15. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la partie du canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) qui se raccorde à l'espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) augmente.
  16. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) présente une configuration au moins essentiellement à symétrie de rotation par rapport à l'axe de contact (2).
  17. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) présente un clapet anti-retour (29; 29a, 29b).
  18. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la liaison entre l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux et le volume d'échappement (30; 30a, 30b) au moins présent est réalisé uniquement par l'espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) au moins présent.
  19. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente deux espaces sous pression (25a, 25b) opposés, séparés l'un de l'autre par l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux et reliés chacun au volume de chauffe (18).
  20. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que l'échappement d'au moins un espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) comprend plusieurs tubes d'échappement (34; 34a, 34b) disposés excentriquement et qui relient l'espace sous pression au volume d'échappement (30; 30a, 30b).
  21. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que l'échappement d'au moins un espace sous pression (25) comprend une ouverture axiale centrale d'échappement (31) située à l'extrémité opposée de l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux.
  22. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce que l'espace sous pression (25; 25a) est relié au volume d'échappement (30; 30a) par au moins une soupape de surpression (37; 41).
  23. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape de surpression (37) est disposée au centre de l'extrémité de l'espace sous pression (25a) situé face à l'espace (16) pour l'arc lumineux.
  24. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 13 et la revendication 22 ou 23, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs soupapes de surpression (41) sont disposées sur le côté extérieur du canal de retour (28).
  25. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de l'espace sous pression (25; 25a, 25b) et éventuellement du canal de retour (28; 28a, 28b) est revêtue de matière synthétique.
  26. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la matière synthétique est du polyoxyméthylène, du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du Plexiglas, du polytétrafluoroéthylène ou de la résine de mélamine.
  27. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 25, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins un cylindre d'extinction (21) avec un piston d'extinction (22) actionné lors du débranchement et relié au volume de chauffe (18).
  28. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 27, caractérisé en ce qu'un circuit à courant nominal est prévu en parallèle au dispositif pare-étincelles (10).
EP99810242A 1998-04-14 1999-03-18 Sectionneur de puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0951039B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19816505A DE19816505A1 (de) 1998-04-14 1998-04-14 Leistungsschalter
DE19816505 1998-04-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0951039A1 EP0951039A1 (fr) 1999-10-20
EP0951039B1 true EP0951039B1 (fr) 2003-06-04

Family

ID=7864482

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99810242A Expired - Lifetime EP0951039B1 (fr) 1998-04-14 1999-03-18 Sectionneur de puissance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6163001A (fr)
EP (1) EP0951039B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4786773B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1126132C (fr)
DE (2) DE19816505A1 (fr)

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CN112002605B (zh) * 2020-08-25 2022-08-12 西安西电开关电气有限公司 一种开关设备及其灭弧室
EP3979287A1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-06 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Disjoncteur, ensemble soupape et leur procédé de fonctionnement
CN116153734B (zh) * 2023-03-07 2024-08-30 西安西电开关电气有限公司 一种灭弧室及其工作方法

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CN1232280A (zh) 1999-10-20
JPH11329191A (ja) 1999-11-30
JP4786773B2 (ja) 2011-10-05
US6163001A (en) 2000-12-19
DE19816505A1 (de) 1999-10-21
DE59905792D1 (de) 2003-07-10
CN1126132C (zh) 2003-10-29
EP0951039A1 (fr) 1999-10-20

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