EP0175954B1 - Interrupteur à gaz comprimé - Google Patents

Interrupteur à gaz comprimé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175954B1
EP0175954B1 EP85110863A EP85110863A EP0175954B1 EP 0175954 B1 EP0175954 B1 EP 0175954B1 EP 85110863 A EP85110863 A EP 85110863A EP 85110863 A EP85110863 A EP 85110863A EP 0175954 B1 EP0175954 B1 EP 0175954B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
volume
compression
contact
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85110863A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0175954A2 (fr
EP0175954A3 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Mauthe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0175954A2 publication Critical patent/EP0175954A2/fr
Publication of EP0175954A3 publication Critical patent/EP0175954A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0175954B1 publication Critical patent/EP0175954B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas pressure switch according to the first part of patent claim 1.
  • Such a pressure gas switch is already known from US-A-4 139 752. With this switch, extinguishing gas heated and compressed by the switching arc is stored in a heating volume when switched off. Compressed extinguishing gas is additionally generated when switched off by moving a compressor piston in a compression space connected to the heating volume via a check valve. This measure enables the switching arc to be extinguished with a comparatively low drive energy even if the pressure of the quenching gas compressed by heating is low in the heating volume. When switching strong short-circuit currents, however, the high pressure of the compressed extinguishing gas stored in the heating volume closes the check valve and inhibits the movement of the compression piston sliding in the compression volume.
  • a pressure gas switch is also known, in which the blowing pressure required for the arc extinguishing is generated by the arc itself in an arc space and is led via a check valve into a pressure storage space, where it is stored until the blowing begins .
  • a compression piston is specified, which provides a further delayed compressed quenching gas, which is fed into the pressure storage chamber via a check valve and from there, together with the compressed quenching gas generated by the arc itself, flows into the arc chamber via a further check valve and from there blowing the arc to flow into an expansion room.
  • the blowing pressure generated by the arc is low, so that the arc space is sufficient for its storage and the check valve from the arc space to the pressure storage space does not open.
  • the compressed quenching gas generated by the compression piston irrespective of the switch-off current, flows, as already mentioned, through two further check valves in series into the arc chamber and blows the arc from there.
  • the invention as characterized in claim 1, has for its object to provide a gas pressure switch of the type mentioned, the breaking capacity is increased while reducing the drive energy.
  • the compressed gas switch according to the invention is characterized in that, without the use of additional moving parts, the compression pressure is limited and reduced in a safe and targeted manner before a certain maximum value that is decisive for the drive design is exceeded, and thereby at the same time the possibility of a particularly effective double inflation of the extinguishing switching arc is opened.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 each show an axial section through a compressed gas switch designed in accordance with the invention, the switch-off state being shown on the right of the dash-dot center line and the switch-on state on the left thereof.
  • the same parts, or parts that fulfill the same function, are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • a cylindrical housing 1 preferably made of insulating material, which is closed at the top by a pressure-tight recessed metallic connecting flange 2.
  • a cylindrical metal housing 3 (not shown completely) closes off the compressed gas switch.
  • An end wall 4 of the metal housing 3 carries a hollow cylinder 5.
  • An opening provided with a piston ring in the center of the end wall 4 and also the hollow cylinders 5 serve as a guide for a compression slide 6, which can be moved axially up and down by the switch drive, not shown.
  • the compression slide 6 consists of a hollow cylindrical shaft 7, at the upper end of which a hollow arcing contact 8 of a movable contact piece 8a is attached, and a compression piston 9, which has a cylindrical extension acting as a nominal current contact 9a of the contact piece 8a, into which a Insulating nozzle 10 is screwed in.
  • Insulating nozzle 10, compression piston 9 and rated current contact 9a form an arcing chamber housing 10a and limit a heating volume 11 coaxially surrounding the arcing contact 8.
  • Front wall 4, hollow cylinder 5, shaft 7 and compression piston 9 limit a compression volume 12
  • Check valve 12a is vented from an expansion volume 13 and vented in the direction of heating volume 11 via a check valve 14 built into the compression piston 9.
  • a pressure relief valve 30 responds, which allows the excess pressure to escape into the expansion volume 13.
  • a plurality of grooves 15, 16 are provided in the shaft 7, which each vent the compression volume 12 in the direction of the expansion volume 13 for a short time. These grooves 15, 16 extend in the axial direction and, in order to keep the mechanical stress on a piston ring sliding over them small, are deeper than wide. They can also have different lengths and can also, at least partially, also lie in the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 5.
  • the arcing contact 8 or the nominal current contact 9a delimiting the extinguishing chamber housing 10a radially outwards are in engagement with a solid arcing contact 17 or a hollow nominal current contact 18 of a switching element 17a conductively connected to the connecting flange 2.
  • the nominal current path of this compressed gas switch runs from the connecting flange 2 via the nominal current contacts 18 and 9a to the compression piston 9 and further via the shaft 7 to a contact tap (not shown) with a further connecting flange.
  • the compression volume 12 is connected to the expansion volume 13 via the grooves 15 and the pressure of the extinguishing gas can equalize in both volumes via the grooves 15.
  • This pressure equalization can alternatively also take place through the check valve 12a arranged in the bottom of the hollow cylinder 5.
  • the switch drive acts on the compression slide 6 and accelerates it downward.
  • the rated current contact 9a is separated from the rated current contact 18, the rated current path is interrupted and the current commutates inwards onto the arcing contacts 8, 17 of the power current path, which runs from the connecting flange 2 via the arcing contacts 17 and 8 to the shaft 7.
  • the arcing contacts 8 and 17 are then separated and an arcing (not shown) arises between the two arcing contacts 8, 17.
  • the arc heats up the extinguishing gas in the heating volume 11 and thus brings it to a higher pressure level, while some of the ionized and contaminated gases are removed from the arc zone via an outflow channel 32 located in the hollow arcing contact 8 and in the hollow shaft 7.
  • an additional compression device independent of the arc is provided for the production of compressed extinguishing gas and, by suitable dimensioning of the length of the outflow channel 32, it is between the free end of the arcing contact 8 facing the fixed contact piece 17 and openings 33 in the shaft 7, in which the outflow channel 32 in the expansion volume 13 opens, ensuring that only a small proportion of the heated quenching gas can escape in the initial phase of arcing.
  • compressed extinguishing gas is generated in the compression volume 12 of the additional compression device.
  • the comparatively short rear 15 ensure that some quenching gas can escape from the compression volume 12, so that the compression pressure builds up somewhat delayed and compressed quenching gas is only available when blowing the arc is desired.
  • a suitable length dimensioning of the outflow channel 32 also ensures that even in the case of comparatively weak arc currents, extinguishing gas which has been heated reaches the heating volume 11 and is not completely removed through the outflow channel 32 into the expansion volume during the heating phase.
  • a suitable length dimensioning of the outflow channel 32 can be between c / 32f and c / 3f, where c is the speed of sound of the extinguishing gas under filling conditions and f is the mains frequency of the current to be switched off. It has been shown that such a dimensioning makes it difficult for the quenching gas to flow out of the arcing zone into the expansion space 13 when small arcing currents are present. This should be due to the fact that, in the case of outlet channels 32 of this type, the cool extinguishing gas located in the outlet channel 32 The outflow of the heated extinguishing gas located in the arc zone is blocked and the inflow of the heated extinguishing gas into the heating volume 11 is promoted.
  • a compression wave forms in the arc zone in the arc zone, which propagates at the speed of sound c, which is carried away in the outflow channel 32 and, with a suitable length dimensioning of the outflow channel 32, is reflected as a dilution wave at its end open to the expansion space 13 such that the reflected dilution wave arrives again in the area of the arcing zone at about the time of the current zero crossing.
  • the quenching gas of increased pressure generated in the compression volume 12 flows in a very short way via the check valve 14 directly into the heating volume 11.
  • the compressed in the heating volume 11 Extinguishing gas reaches the extinguishing zone when the current approaches zero crossing and, as soon as the fixed arcing contact 17 has opened an opening 34 in the extinguishing chamber wall 10a, causes a double and therefore particularly effective blowing of the arc.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the compressed gas switch derived from FIG. 1.
  • the compression slide 6 contains instead of the compression piston 9 a compression piston with sleeve 20 and instead of the end wall 4 a fixed piston 19 which is rigidly connected to the metal housing 3.
  • the compression slide 6 slides sealingly over the piston 19 and together with it encloses the compression volume 12.
  • the check valve 12a provided for filling the compression volume 12 is installed in the piston 19 and allows the compression volume 12 to be vented to the expansion volume 13 when the switch is switched on.
  • the arcing contact 17 of the fixed contact 17a is hollow, so that the base point of the arcing is blown particularly intensively at this arcing contact.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 2 advised the advantage that both running surfaces of the piston rings inserted into the piston 19 are shielded against switching dust falling from above.
  • the running surface of the internal piston ring is particularly well protected, since the compressed gas flowing out through the grooves and 16 into the gap 21 also keeps contaminants away. If part of the grooves 15 and 16 were laid in the inner wall of the compression piston with sleeve 20, the running surface of the outer piston ring could be protected in a similarly advantageous manner.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé, avec
- un boîtier (1) rempli d'un gaz de soufflage,
- un volume d'expansion (13) entouré par le boîtier (1),
- deux pièces de contact (8a, 17a) situées à l'intérieur du boîtier (1) et pouvant être mises en contact ou séparées l'une de l'autre le long d'un axe, portant chacune un contact d'arc (8, 17) et un contact de courant nominal (9a, 18),
- un corps (10a) de chambre de soufflage, entourant coaxialement le contact d'arc (8) de celle des deux pièces de contact (8a, 11 a) qui est mobile (8a) et rigidement relié à celle-ci,
- une ouverture (34) traversant le corps (10a) de la chambre de soufflage et traversée, en position enclenchée, par le contact d'arc (17) de celle des deux pièces de contact (8a, 17a) qui est fixe (17a),
- un volume d'échauffement (11) situé dans le corps (10a) de la chambre de soufflage et disposé coaxialement au contact d'arc (8) de la pièce de contact mobile (8a), pour recevoir un gaz de soufflage qui est échauffé par l'arc électrique de coupure à l'intérieur du corps (10a) de la chambre de soufflage lors de la coupure,
- un coulisseau de compression (6) fixé au corps (10a) de la chambre de soufflage pour produire un gaz de soufflage comprimé, lors de la coupure, dans un volume de compression (12) disposé coaxialement à la pièce de contact mobile (8a), et
- une soupape de non-retour (14) montée sur le coulisseau de compression (6) et située dans le volume d'échauffement (11),
caractérisé en ce que
- le contact d'arc (8) de la pièce de contact mobile (8a) présente un canal d'échappement (32) s étendant en direction axiale à partir de son extrémité libre tournée vers la pièce de contact fixe (17a) et débouchant dans le volume d'expansion (13), et en ce que
- entre le volume de compression (12) et le volume d'expansion (13), il est prévu un dispositif (30, respectivement 12a), de commande de la pression et de transfert du gaz de soufflage se trouvant dans le volume de compression (12).
2. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que
- la longueur du canal d'échappement (32) entre l'extrémité libre du contact d'arc (8) de la pièce de contact mobile (8a) et l'embouchure du canal d'échappement (32) dans le volume d'expansion (13) est dimensionnée de telle façon que, lors de la coupure, il se produise une onde de pression stationnaire dans le canal d'échappement.
3. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant la revendication 2,
caractérisé en ce que
- la longueur du canal d'échappement (32) est plus grande que c/32f et plus petite que c/3f, ou c est la vitesse du son dans le gaz de soufflage et f est la fréquence de réseau du courant à couper.
4. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que
- le dispositif de commande de la pression et de transfert du gaz de soufflage se trouvant dans le volume de compression (12) comporte une soupape de sécurité (30) et une autre soupape de non-retour (12a) et/ou au moins deux rainures (15, 16) s'étendant en direction axiale, dont une première (15) en position enclenchée et une deuxième (16) en position déclenchée relie le volume de compression (12) avec le volume d'expansion (13).
5. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que
- les rainures (15, 16) sont ménagées au moins en partie dans un arbre (7) disposé centralement par rapport au coulisseau de compression (6).
6. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que
- les rainures (15, 16) sont ménagées au moins en partie dans la paroi intérieure d'un cylindre creux (5) délimitant extérieurement le volume de compression (12).
7. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que
- les rainures (15, 16) sont plus profondes que larges et présentent des longueurs différentes.
8. Interrupteur à gaz comprimé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que
- la pièce de contact fixe (17a) présente un contact de courant nominal (18) creux, entourant à distance son contact d'arc (17) et qui, en position enclenchée, se trouve en prise avec un contact de courant nominal (9a) de la pièce de contact mobile (8a), fixé sur le corps (10a) de la chambre de soufflage.
EP85110863A 1984-09-26 1985-08-29 Interrupteur à gaz comprimé Expired EP0175954B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH461084 1984-09-26
CH4610/84 1984-09-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0175954A2 EP0175954A2 (fr) 1986-04-02
EP0175954A3 EP0175954A3 (en) 1987-04-08
EP0175954B1 true EP0175954B1 (fr) 1989-11-15

Family

ID=4279309

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85110863A Expired EP0175954B1 (fr) 1984-09-26 1985-08-29 Interrupteur à gaz comprimé

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4658108A (fr)
EP (1) EP0175954B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07109744B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8504579A (fr)
CA (1) CA1266699A (fr)
DE (2) DE3438635A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8702733A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU192364B (fr)
IN (1) IN165782B (fr)
PL (1) PL151229B1 (fr)

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DE4412249A1 (de) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Heizraum und einem Kompressionsraum
DE19526805A1 (de) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Isolierstoffkörper

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DE3618345A1 (de) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-03 Siemens Ag Elektrischer druckgasschalter
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DE3810091A1 (de) * 1988-03-25 1989-10-05 Licentia Gmbh Sf(pfeil abwaerts)6(pfeil abwaerts)-eindruckschalter
DE3843405C1 (fr) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-13 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De
DE3915700C3 (de) * 1989-05-13 1997-06-19 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Druckgasschalter mit Verdampfungskühlung
DE3942489C2 (de) * 1989-12-22 1994-03-10 Licentia Gmbh Druckgasschalter
FR2657998B1 (fr) * 1990-02-07 1992-04-10 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a autosoufflage.
JPH0652761A (ja) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 開閉器
DE4402935A1 (de) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-03 Abb Patent Gmbh Kontaktsystem für einen Hochspannungsleistungsschalter
ATE160466T1 (de) * 1994-06-20 1997-12-15 Gec Alsthom T & D Ag Druckgasschalter
DE19524637C2 (de) * 1995-07-06 1998-03-12 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Druckgasschalter
FR2751782B1 (fr) * 1996-07-23 1998-08-28 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Disjoncteur a haute tension a auto-soufflage d'arc
DE29620442U1 (de) * 1996-11-18 1997-01-23 Siemens AG, 80333 München Hochspannungsdruckgasschalter
JP4174094B2 (ja) * 1998-01-29 2008-10-29 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
FR2808618B1 (fr) * 2000-05-03 2002-06-14 Alstom Disjoncteur comportant, dans une enveloppe remplie d'un gaz dielectrique sous pression, un ensemble mobile
DE10125101A1 (de) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-28 Abb Patent Gmbh Selbstblas-Löschkammer eines Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalters
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US20050045595A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-03 Christian Daehler Pressure-limiting valve for a puffer interrupter assembly
FR2892851B1 (fr) * 2005-11-03 2013-12-06 Areva T & D Sa Chambre de coupure de courant a double chambre de compression
JP4660407B2 (ja) * 2006-03-27 2011-03-30 株式会社東芝 ガス絶縁開閉器
JP2008210710A (ja) 2007-02-27 2008-09-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力用ガス遮断器
FR2947377B1 (fr) * 2009-06-29 2011-07-22 Areva T & D Sa Valve a clapet de decharge destinee a decharger un gaz dielectrique entre deux volumes d'une chambre de coupure de disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension
EP2343721A1 (fr) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-13 ABB Research Ltd. Commutateur à haute tension isolé du gaz
JP5872260B2 (ja) * 2011-11-22 2016-03-01 株式会社東芝 電力用ガス絶縁機器およびその製造方法
JP6157824B2 (ja) 2012-09-28 2017-07-05 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
EP2816581A1 (fr) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 ABB Technology AG Disjoncteur haute tension isolé au gaz
JP6289856B2 (ja) 2013-10-16 2018-03-07 株式会社東芝 ガス遮断器
KR101657454B1 (ko) * 2014-09-25 2016-09-21 현대중공업 주식회사 가스절연 차단기
DE102016218518C5 (de) * 2016-09-27 2023-05-11 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Kontaktstück für einen Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP3944277A4 (fr) 2019-03-19 2023-01-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Disjoncteur à gaz
US11380501B2 (en) * 2019-12-31 2022-07-05 Southern States Llc High voltage electric power switch with carbon arcing electrodes and carbon dioxide dielectric gas

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JPS58108624A (ja) * 1981-12-22 1983-06-28 三菱電機株式会社 パツフア−形ガスしや断器
CH658745A5 (de) * 1982-10-25 1986-11-28 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Druckgasschalter.
DD212353A1 (de) * 1982-12-21 1984-08-08 Liebknecht Transformat Druckgasschalter
DD212352A1 (de) * 1982-12-21 1984-08-08 Liebknecht Transformat Selbstloeschender druckgasschalter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4412249A1 (de) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Heizraum und einem Kompressionsraum
DE19526805A1 (de) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Isolierstoffkörper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU192364B (en) 1987-05-28
PL255504A1 (en) 1986-07-15
JPH07109744B2 (ja) 1995-11-22
DE3438635A1 (de) 1986-04-03
ES547296A0 (es) 1986-12-16
BR8504579A (pt) 1986-07-15
US4658108A (en) 1987-04-14
EP0175954A2 (fr) 1986-04-02
JPS6182631A (ja) 1986-04-26
IN165782B (fr) 1990-01-13
CA1266699A (fr) 1990-03-13
PL151229B1 (en) 1990-08-31
ES8702733A1 (es) 1986-12-16
DE3574308D1 (en) 1989-12-21
EP0175954A3 (en) 1987-04-08
HUT38463A (en) 1986-05-28

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