EP0947595A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus dispersionsverfestigtem Platinwerkstoff bestehenden, geschweissten Formkörpers, insbesondere eines Rohres - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus dispersionsverfestigtem Platinwerkstoff bestehenden, geschweissten Formkörpers, insbesondere eines Rohres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0947595A2 EP0947595A2 EP99104851A EP99104851A EP0947595A2 EP 0947595 A2 EP0947595 A2 EP 0947595A2 EP 99104851 A EP99104851 A EP 99104851A EP 99104851 A EP99104851 A EP 99104851A EP 0947595 A2 EP0947595 A2 EP 0947595A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- platinum
- alloy
- base metal
- dispersion
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a from finely divided, small particles welded, in particular made of base metal oxide dispersion-tested platinum material at least one molded body having an inner wall, in particular a tube, a molded body, in particular a tube, and the use of such a tube.
- Suitable base metals are, for example, chromium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminum, Silicon, the rare earths, thorium, uranium and metals of the first, second and third subgroup period, Calcium to nickel, strontium to molybdenum and barium to tantalum.
- the High temperature resistant compound can be an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, a silicide Boride, a sulfide, or any other compound created by interaction between a gaseous phase and the base metal can be formed.
- sheet metal a metal of the platinum group or their alloys with an addition of the above non-metallic Substances can be dispersion-hardened.
- Platinum materials with a fine-grained equi-axis structure are usually used in production used by components. This structure is created by a melted and cast one Ingots formed (e.g. by forging, rolling) and then recrystallization annealing is subjected. When the material is subsequently welded after solidification of the metal in the weld seam, a structure that is more likely to be undesirable Structure in cast ingots is comparable to the fine recrystallized structure of the other material. By reshaping the weld seam with the rest of the material a homogenization of the structure can be achieved after a recrystallization annealing treatment becomes visible, d. that is, the reformed and recrystallized weld material corresponds essentially to the rest of the material.
- the solidifying effect of the dispersoids will no longer be present.
- the structure becomes different during an annealing treatment or when used at high temperature (Grain size) in the largely oxide-free weld seam is considerably coarser than in the rest Material.
- the presence of the dispersoids leads to a considerable stabilization of the Grain structure).
- a blank of any shape is made from yttrium and zirconium and / or cerium-doped platinum-base metal alloy, initially in one Brought preform, in particular a sheet rounded to a tube and the respective Ends are welded together.
- the welding can either be done without additional metal or with an additional metal of the same type.
- Additional metal of the same type means that if the addition of welding metal is required during welding, this metal should be similar to the base material, d. i.e. with the specified base metal doping elements, here: zirconium and yttrium, cerium, should be alloyed.
- the molded body still in the preform is in an oxidizing Medium heat-treated up to a minimum oxidation level of the base metal of 75% by weight, preferably an atmosphere of air, oxygen, water vapor or a mixture from water vapor and hydrogen, noble gas, especially helium or argon, or nitrogen is used.
- Air is usually used as the oxidizing medium. Because the oxide-forming base metal components are very reactive, they can be used to form the oxides Take oxygen from other oxygen-containing compounds, such as. B. water vapor. The medium containing the oxygen must release it to the base metal components can, d. H. thermodynamically seen that the zirconium-yttrium and cerium oxides are more stable must be as the oxygen-containing species in the medium. To make sure that not that Oxygen supply from the medium, but the diffusion in the platinum material determines the speed sufficient concentration of the oxygenated species should be given be.
- the doped, non-oxidized material is thus first welded and then the oxide dispersoids are heat-treated in one oxidizing medium generated.
- the formation of the oxide particles is only slightly affected by the grain structure of the platinum material influenced, d. that is, the only significant difference between the weld and the Base material lies in the grain structure and not in the distribution of the oxide particles.
- the molded body in the preform is made according to the desired one Final shape, for example, appropriately formed by rolling, forging or drawing, the roll-pressing method has proven itself in the drawing process.
- platinum material composed of dispersion-strengthened materials can be used Tubes of almost any size can be made.
- the formed preform is advantageously subjected to a recrystallization annealing treatment subjected to minimize dimensional changes in use.
- a recrystallization annealing treatment subjected to minimize dimensional changes in use.
- the Uniformity of the structure between the weld seam and the base material thanks to this treatment more obvious.
- the welded structure treated in this way and the dispersion-hardened one Platinum materials differ only slightly in their properties from each other.
- the annealing treatment at a minimum temperature of 600 ° C and a maximum temperature of 1400 ° C is carried out.
- the annealing treatment can be used with any oxide-strengthened, otherwise unalloyed platinum Temperature ⁇ 600 ° C.
- PtRh, Pt-Au and PtIr alloys - these are the ones platinum-precious metal alloys - temperatures ⁇ 900 ° C, often ⁇ 1000 ° C, are required.
- the annealing treatment can also be carried out in principle even higher temperatures are carried out because the oxide dispersoids are too strong Prevent grain enlargement.
- the deformed one shows Preform body on a uniform structure.
- the base metal content of the platinum-base metal alloy 0.005 to 1% by weight and that the dispersion-strengthened platinum material from dispersion-strengthened Platinum-rhodium alloy, dispersion-strengthened platinum-iridium alloy or dispersion-strengthened platinum-gold alloy.
- the platinum-base metal alloy with 0.1 to 0.2% by weight of zirconium and 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of yttrium and / or with 0.05 - 0.2 Weight% cerium is doped and that the platinum-rhodium alloy is a PtRh10 alloy
- Platinum-gold alloy is a PtAu5 alloy and the platinum-iridium alloy is one PtIr (1-10) -, in particular a PtIr (3-10) alloy, is (PtXn means: (100-n)% by weight Pt and n% by weight of element X).
- the moldings produced by the process according to the invention in particular pipes, have the surprising and advantageous properties indicated above.
- a sheet (dimensions: 400 mm long, 350 mm wide, 3 mm thick) made of one with 0.18% by weight zirconium and 0.017% by weight of yttrium-doped, unoxidized platinum material is rounded and welded along the length without additional metal in order to create a down tube with a Length of 400 mm and an inner diameter of approx. 111 mm.
- This The front pipe is subjected to a heat treatment in an oxidizing medium that is composed from dry air, subjected to a temperature of 1000 ° C for a period of 300 hours, until the oxygen content of the material is 0.073% by weight on a cylindrical Mandrel with a diameter of 110 mm drawn from hardened tool steel and finally stretched to the desired length and wall thickness. The stretching is done through a mandrel.
- the front pipe is made to a wall thickness of 0.7 mm and a length formed from 1500 mm.
- the pipe can be several longitudinal or also Include round welds. You can use standard roll spinning machines to do this Wise pipes up to a diameter of approx. 650 mm and a length of approx. 8000 mm are produced, whereby this information is not to be regarded as limiting.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus durch feinverteilte, kleine Teilchen aus Unedelmetalloxid dispersionsverfestigtem Platinwerkstoff bestehenden, geschweißten, insbesondere mindestens eine Innenwand aufweisenden Formkörpers, insbesondere eines Rohres, wobei das Unedelmetalloxid ein oder mehrere Oxide der Elemente Yttrium, Zirkonium und Cer ist, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:Formen und Verschweißen mindestens eines Teils, inbesondere eines Blechs, einer Platin-Unedelmetall-Legierung zu einem Vorformkörper, insbesondere zu einem Rohr,Wärmebehandlung des Vorformkörpers in einem oxidierenden Medium bis zu einem Mindestoxidationsgrad des Unedelmetalls von 75 Gewichts-%,Umformen des Vorformkörpers.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der umgeformte Vorformkörper rekristallisationsglühbehandelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Glühbehandlung bei einer Mindesttemperatur von 600 °C durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Glühbehandlung bei einer Maximaltemperatur von 1.400 °C durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Umformen des Vorformkörpers, insbesondere beim Abstrecken, eine Reduzierung der Wandstärke von mindestens 50 % erreicht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Unedelmetallgehalt der Platin-Unedelmetall-Legierung 0,005 - 1 Gewichts-% beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der disperionsverfestigte Platinwerkstoff aus dispersionsverfestigter Platin-Rhodium-Legierung, dispersionsverfestigter Platin-Iridium-Legierung oder dispersionsverfestigter Platin-Gold-Legierung besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platin-Unedelmetall-Legierung mit 0,1 - 0,2 Gewichts-% Zirkonium und 0,01 - 0,05 Gewichts-% Yttrium und/oder mit 0,05 - 0,2 Gewichts-% Cer dotiert ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platin-Rhodium-Legierung eine PtRh10-Legierung ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platin-Gold-Legierung eine PtAu5-Legierung ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platin-Iridium-Legierung eine PtIr(1-10)-Legierung ist.
- Formkörper, insbesondere Rohr, hergestellt nach einem Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11.
- Verwendung eines Rohres nach Anspruch 12 zum Läutern von Glas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813988A DE19813988C1 (de) | 1998-03-28 | 1998-03-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus durch feinverteilte, kleine Teilchen aus Unedelmetalloxid dispersionsverfestigtem Platinwerkstoff bestehenden, geschweißten, insbesondere mindestens eine Innenwand aufweisenden Formkörpers, isnbesondere eines Rohres |
DE19813988 | 1998-03-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0947595A2 true EP0947595A2 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
EP0947595A3 EP0947595A3 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
EP0947595B1 EP0947595B1 (de) | 2005-05-11 |
Family
ID=7862831
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99104851A Expired - Lifetime EP0947595B1 (de) | 1998-03-28 | 1999-03-11 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus dispersionsverfestigtem Platinwerkstoff bestehenden, geschweissten Formkörpers, insbesondere eines Rohres |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6129997A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0947595B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3302654B2 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ298305B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19813988C1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1964938A1 (de) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-09-03 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Oxiddispersionsgehärteter, durch innere Oxidation hergestellter Pt, PtRh- oder PtAu-Werkstoff mit hohem Oxidanteil und guter Duktilität |
WO2015082630A1 (de) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur bearbeitung einer dispersionsgehärteten platinzusammensetzung |
EP3121297A1 (de) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-25 | Cartier International AG | Herstellungsverfahren einer schmuckkomponente aus platinlegierung |
EP3971311A1 (de) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-23 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Verbesserte, dispersionsgehärtete edelmetalllegierung |
EP3978884A1 (de) | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-06 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Draht mit platin-zusammensetzung zur kontaktierung von temperatursensoren |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8562664B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2013-10-22 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Manufacture of fine-grained material for use in medical devices |
DE10203418C1 (de) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-02-27 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Düsenwanne zum Ziehen von Glasfasern und Verwendung der Düsenwanne |
DE10203660A1 (de) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-07 | Schott Glas | Bauteil, das für eine Anlage zum Erzeugen oder Aufbereiten von Glasschmelzen bestimmt ist |
US7611280B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2009-11-03 | Harco Laboratories, Inc. | EMF sensor with protective sheath |
US7131768B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-11-07 | Harco Laboratories, Inc. | Extended temperature range EMF device |
US7494619B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2009-02-24 | General Electric Company | High temperature alloys, and articles made and repaired therewith |
KR101243392B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-08 | 2013-03-13 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | 강화 백금제 중공관과 백금제 플랜지의 기밀 접합 방법 |
JP5187925B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-28 | 2013-04-24 | 石福金属興業株式会社 | 導電材料 |
DE102009037226A1 (de) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-02-17 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Edelmetallblech |
US20110135957A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Martin Herbert Goller | Platinum weld structures and methods |
US8881964B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2014-11-11 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Friction stir welding and processing of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys |
JP5940848B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-06-29 | 株式会社フルヤ金属 | 酸化物分散強化型白金の摩擦攪拌加工法 |
CN102952958B (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2014-05-21 | 无锡英特派金属制品有限公司 | 弥散强化铂与铂铑合金复合材料的制备方法 |
JP6137011B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-25 | 2017-05-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池用触媒の製造方法 |
Citations (8)
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DE132673C (de) * | ||||
US3139682A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1964-07-07 | Nicholas J Grant | Strength recovery of dispersion hardened alloys |
DE1533267B1 (de) * | 1966-06-01 | 1970-03-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Platinmetallegierung |
US4002503A (en) * | 1970-09-29 | 1977-01-11 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Treatment of metals and alloy |
US4374668A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1983-02-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Gold based electrical materials |
EP0320877A2 (de) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-06-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Walzen von oxiddispersionsgehärtetem Platin und Legierungen |
JPH02127982A (ja) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-05-16 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 酸化物分散型白金製品の部材溶接方法 |
EP0870844A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Dispersionsverfestigter Platin-Werkstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
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GB1139897A (en) * | 1965-01-15 | 1969-01-15 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of platinum group metals and alloys |
DE1533273A1 (de) * | 1966-01-15 | 1970-02-05 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Verfahren zur Haertung von Platinmetallen |
GB1280815A (en) * | 1968-07-12 | 1972-07-05 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the dispersion strengthening of metals |
US3709667A (en) * | 1971-01-19 | 1973-01-09 | Johnson Matthey Co Ltd | Dispersion strengthening of platinum group metals and alloys |
FR2429264A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-01-18 | Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand | Procede de fabrication d'un platinoide comportant une phase dispersee d'un oxyde refractaire |
US4738389A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1988-04-19 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Welding using metal-ceramic composites |
-
1998
- 1998-03-28 DE DE19813988A patent/DE19813988C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-10 US US09/266,142 patent/US6129997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-11 DE DE59912028T patent/DE59912028D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-11 EP EP99104851A patent/EP0947595B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-24 CZ CZ0104899A patent/CZ298305B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-29 JP JP08631399A patent/JP3302654B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE132673C (de) * | ||||
US3139682A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1964-07-07 | Nicholas J Grant | Strength recovery of dispersion hardened alloys |
DE1533267B1 (de) * | 1966-06-01 | 1970-03-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Platinmetallegierung |
US4002503A (en) * | 1970-09-29 | 1977-01-11 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Treatment of metals and alloy |
US4374668A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1983-02-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Gold based electrical materials |
EP0320877A2 (de) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-06-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Walzen von oxiddispersionsgehärtetem Platin und Legierungen |
JPH02127982A (ja) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-05-16 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 酸化物分散型白金製品の部材溶接方法 |
EP0870844A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Dispersionsverfestigter Platin-Werkstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 361 (M-1006), 6. August 1990 (1990-08-06) -& JP 02 127982 A (TANAKA KIKINZOKU KOGYO KK), 16. Mai 1990 (1990-05-16) * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1964938A1 (de) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-09-03 | W.C. Heraeus GmbH | Oxiddispersionsgehärteter, durch innere Oxidation hergestellter Pt, PtRh- oder PtAu-Werkstoff mit hohem Oxidanteil und guter Duktilität |
US8226855B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2012-07-24 | Heraeus Materials Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pt or Pt alloy materials hardened by oxide dispersion, produced by inner oxidation and having proportions of oxide and good ductility |
WO2015082630A1 (de) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur bearbeitung einer dispersionsgehärteten platinzusammensetzung |
DE102013225187B4 (de) | 2013-12-06 | 2018-07-19 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer dispersionsgehärteten Platinzusammensetzung |
EP3121297A1 (de) | 2015-07-23 | 2017-01-25 | Cartier International AG | Herstellungsverfahren einer schmuckkomponente aus platinlegierung |
EP3971311A1 (de) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-23 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Verbesserte, dispersionsgehärtete edelmetalllegierung |
US11781208B2 (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2023-10-10 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Dispersion-hardened precious-metal alloy |
EP3978884A1 (de) | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-06 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Draht mit platin-zusammensetzung zur kontaktierung von temperatursensoren |
US12024763B2 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2024-07-02 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Wire with platinum composition for contacting temperature sensors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0947595A3 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
CZ104899A3 (cs) | 2000-04-12 |
DE59912028D1 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
US6129997A (en) | 2000-10-10 |
DE19813988C1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
CZ298305B6 (cs) | 2007-08-22 |
JPH11335754A (ja) | 1999-12-07 |
EP0947595B1 (de) | 2005-05-11 |
JP3302654B2 (ja) | 2002-07-15 |
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