EP0946796B1 - Collecteur-repartiteur - Google Patents

Collecteur-repartiteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0946796B1
EP0946796B1 EP97951965A EP97951965A EP0946796B1 EP 0946796 B1 EP0946796 B1 EP 0946796B1 EP 97951965 A EP97951965 A EP 97951965A EP 97951965 A EP97951965 A EP 97951965A EP 0946796 B1 EP0946796 B1 EP 0946796B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
melt
spin
pump
beam according
spinnerets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97951965A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0946796A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael SCHRÖTER
Wolfgang SCHÜMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Barmag AG
Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Barmag AG, Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG filed Critical Barmag AG
Publication of EP0946796A1 publication Critical patent/EP0946796A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0946796B1 publication Critical patent/EP0946796B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/06—Distributing spinning solution or melt to spinning nozzles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spinning beam for spinning a plurality of synthetic threads according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a spinning beam is known from US 4,035,127.
  • a plurality of spinnerets in series on a melt distributor block arranged.
  • Each of the spinnerets is through a melt line with one Spinning pump connected, which is also on the melt manifold is attached.
  • the melt lines are essentially through curved tubes are formed, which are arranged in one plane.
  • a single rectangular spinneret is known from US 3,492,692 consists of several plates arranged one behind the other.
  • nozzle bores and melt chambers are formed, which are connected to the nozzle bores.
  • the one in the parting lines formed melt chambers are each with a hole in the plate connected to a melt feed.
  • the holes form the one behind the other lying panels a channel.
  • a second melt channel in the spinneret formed which supplies the melt chambers of parallel joints. So that will achieved that the nozzle bores of adjacent joints with different Polymer melt can be loaded.
  • nozzle bores are only supplied via one or two melt lines, so that not inconsiderable differences in the residence times of the melt arise.
  • the spinning beam should be as simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the spinning beam is a melt distributor block executed, which consists of two components separated by a parting line, the pressure-tight with each other are connected. Between the two components there are melt lines corresponding to the number of spinnerets formed by grooves, each leading to the spinning pump Melt channel and with one leading to one of the spinnerets Melt channel are connected. This ensures that in the respective Deflections no cross-sectional changes in the melt pipes occur.
  • the design allows the melt lines with very uniform cross sections are executed. Each spinneret receives therefore an equally large melt flow.
  • the parting line between the components can be horizontal or vertical.
  • the development of the invention according to claim 2 has the advantage that when introducing the grooves in the surface of the components fluidically favorable transition between the melt channels and the grooves is generated.
  • An apprenticeship where the groove is exclusive is formed in one of the components, in particular with a rectangular one Groove cross-sections are an advantage.
  • the embodiment of the spinning beam according to claim 3 is from Advantage, in order not to get a joint in the melt line. in this connection the pipes are very thin-walled because they are under pressure supported by the components. In the area of pipes an adaptation of the surfaces of the components to produce a Gap seal not required.
  • the grooves according to claim 4 Realizing indentations in the surface in terms of production technology.
  • the plate preferably made of a material that is softer than that Basic material of the components.
  • the grooves can be grooves on the Surface of the plate or as continuous grooves in the plate be incorporated. With continuous grooves, these are replaced by the Limited surfaces of the components. With groove-shaped grooves on the Bores are drilled into the surface of the plate to guide the grooves between to connect the components together.
  • the contact surface one of the surfaces of at least one component is reduced. This will achieves a high sealing effect in the parting line.
  • the spinning beam according to Claim 7 enables the melt flow no 90 ° deflections must pass on the way from the spinning pump to the spinneret.
  • the melt line has a gradient between the Spinning pump and the spinneret.
  • the spinning pump on the top part and the spinnerets on are attached to the lower part, the spinning pump being offset from the spinnerets is arranged, for example in a row next to each other Spinning beams can be attached.
  • the development of the spinning beam according to claim 11 has the Advantage that the overall height of the spinning beam is minimized.
  • the design of the spinning beam according to claim 12 is Advantage to the division between those emerging from the pump Keep melt channels as small as possible.
  • the Spinning pump is designed as a gear pump.
  • the Contact surface of the pump on the upper part of the melt distributor block is Flat surface executed on which the pump wheels rest.
  • This will a very stable plate construction, so that due to a low Heat distortion very small games and therefore very high sealing effects in the pump can be reached.
  • melt lines in the manifold block are constant Internal cross-section over the length of the melt pipe.
  • Melt flow essentially the same in all melt lines.
  • On aerodynamic course is particularly evident in circular Internal cross sections of the fusible pipes.
  • Cross sections as ellipse, semicircle, rectangle, square etc. without substantial effort executable.
  • the lengths of the melt lines between the spinning pump and the Spinnerets are essentially the same, so the residence time of the Melt in the melt lines is essentially the same.
  • the Connection of the melt line to the spinning pump and to the Spinnerets are made by the essentially vertical ones Melt channels. This is a streamlined outlet as well as a aerodynamic entry guaranteed.
  • FIG. 2 schematically show the structure of a first one Embodiment of a spinning beam shown.
  • the spinning beam comprises a melt distributor block 2, a spinning pump 1 and several - in this case six pieces - spinnerets arranged in a row 3.
  • the melt distributor block 2 consists of the two components upper part 7 and lower part 8.
  • the lower part 7 and the upper part 8 are form-fitting connected with each other.
  • This positive connection (not here shown) is produced via a screw connection, the Screwing forces are selected so that the melt is under pressure cannot escape from the parting line 12.
  • the spinning pump 1 On the top of Upper part 7, the spinning pump 1 is attached.
  • the spinning pump 1 is over the drive shaft 4 connected to a drive.
  • the spinning pump 1 is designed as a gear pump, e.g. from WO94 / 19516 is known.
  • the housing plate 6 of the spinning pump 1 directly on the upper part 7 of the melt distributor block attached.
  • the pump wheels arranged inside the housing plate 6 are thus on the flat surface 16, so that the pump wheels are arranged between the pump plate 5 and the upper part 7. It is however, it is also possible that between the upper part 7 and the housing plate 6 an intermediate plate is arranged.
  • melt connection 9 is provided, which over the Melt channels 14 and 15 (see FIG. 2) connected to the spinning pump is. From here, the one supplied by an extruder, for example Melt conveyed to the spinning pump 1. In the spinning pump 1 then a division of the melt flow into individual partial flows.
  • the Pump outputs are formed by the melt channels 10, which as Bores are made in the upper part 7 of the melt distributor block.
  • the melt channels 10 end in the parting line 12, which between the Upper part 7 and the lower part 8 is formed.
  • In the parting line 12 are in the surfaces of the lower part 8 and the upper part 7 distribution lines 13 introduced.
  • Each of the melt channels 10 opens into one of this distribution lines 13. So there are a total of six distribution lines 13 arranged in the separating surface 12.
  • the distribution lines 13 are now formed in the parting line 12 that they each with one of the Melt channels 11 are connected.
  • the melt channels 11 are bores introduced in the lower part 8 and connect the distribution lines 13 with one of the spinnerets 3.
  • the parting line 12 lies in an inclined plane.
  • each of those formed by the manifolds 13 faces Melt pipe on a slope.
  • the connection points between the melt channel 10 and the distribution line 13 and between the melt channel 11 and the distribution line 13 with a Angle of> 90 ° executed.
  • the respective spinneret is under The pressurized melt is fed. This builds up in the nozzle pot 19 a print on. The gap between the nozzle pot 19 and the Sealing piston 24 is sealed by the seal 25. The Sealing piston 24 is pushed upward so that the connecting piece 21st with a large area against the approach 20. This is one Self-sealing guaranteed.
  • the melt is supplied from e.g. an extruder through the melt connection 9.
  • the melt connection 9 is in the lower part 8 laterally offset by 90 ° to the spinning pump appropriate.
  • a melt channel 14 opens into the melt connection 9.
  • the melt channel 14 penetrates the lower part 8 completely, so that the Melt channel 14 opens into the parting line 12.
  • At the same height in the Parting line 12 has the upper part 7 on the melt channel 15.
  • the Melt channel 15 penetrates the upper part 7 and thus connects the Spinning pump 1 with the melt channel 14 in the lower part 8.
  • the melt is fed through the parting line 12 the division of the melt channels 10 lying on a pitch circle regardless of the melt feed, so that a very compact Construction of the distributor block is achieved.
  • the connector 9 and the Melt channel 14 also the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 take in.
  • the right-angled deflection of the melt in FIG. 2 could also introduced into the components perpendicular to the parting line Bores that meet the melt channels 14 and 15, be equalized.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the parting surface of the upper part 7.
  • the parting surface 26 which is raised by a step 28 from the surface 27 of the upper part 7, several grooves 17 are introduced.
  • the Grooves 17 each begin at an opening of one of the melt channels 10.
  • the melt channels 10 form the connection to the Pump outlets of the spinning pump 1.
  • the grooves 17 are now in the Partition 26 introduced that their ends when joining the Upper part and lower part exactly with the mouths of the Melt channels 11 are aligned.
  • the lengths of the grooves 17 between a respective melt channel 10 and one Melt channel 11 can be designed the same.
  • the grooves 17 can be introduced mechanically or by molding into the separating surface 26.
  • the grooves are with a semi-circular cross-section. However, they are also any other cross-sectional shapes possible.
  • the lower part 8 is shown in plan view of the parting line 12.
  • the arrangement of the grooves 29 in the surface 27 is too the arrangement of the grooves 17 in the separating surface 26 of the upper part 7 identical.
  • the distribution lines 13 formed from the grooves 17 and 29 takes place in such a way that a metallic seal in the parting line prevents melt in the joint emerges from the distribution lines.
  • the melt channel 14 exits Height of the melt outlet 15 in Fig. 3. This also by Merging the upper part and the lower part the connection between the two melt channels 14 and 15.
  • the seal in the The parting line is also metallic. However, it is also possible to have special ones Insert seals between the lower part and the upper part.
  • the embodiment of the surface shown in FIG. 3 could, for example also apply to the lower part, as by the execution of the surface 4 is executable for the lower part.
  • the upper part 7 and the lower part 8 can, for example, by Screw connections are joined to form a distributor block.
  • FIG. 5 is another embodiment of a split Melt distributor block 2 shown.
  • the separation takes place in one horizontal plane.
  • the distribution lines 13 are formed in the parting line 12 between the lower part 8 and the upper part 7.
  • the Distribution line 13 is introduced through a groove in the upper part 7.
  • the melt connection 9 is in the Top 7 introduced.
  • the melt connection 9 is in turn by means of Melt channels 14 and 15 connected to the spinning pump.
  • the Melt channel 14 at right angles to the melt channels 10 in the Top 7 drilled.
  • the melt distributor block 2 consists of the two components 7 and 8. Between components 7 and 8 is one in essentially vertically aligned parting line 12 is formed. In the The parting line 12 between the components 7 and 8 is a plate 32 inserted. The component 7, the plate 32 and the component 8 are clamped together.
  • a spinning pump 1 On the top of Melt distributor block is a spinning pump 1 on components 7 and 8 attached.
  • the spinning pump 1 consists of an intermediate plate 33 a housing plate 6 and a pump plate 5 and a drive shaft 4.
  • the spinning pump 1 is with the intermediate plate 33 on the Melt distribution block 2 flanged. In the parting plane are on the spinnerets 3 are arranged on the underside of the melt distributor block.
  • the fusible lines are introduced as grooves in the plate 32.
  • the pump outlets are connected to the melt line partially directly into a groove in the plate 32 or over sloping melt channels that are outside the parting line Connect lying pump outlets to the distribution lines in plate 32.
  • the melt is fed to the spinning pump via the Melt connection 9.
  • the distribution lines formed by grooves in the plate 32 In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the distribution lines formed by grooves in the plate 32.
  • the grooves penetrate the Plate 32 and are from the surfaces of the adjacent components 7th and 8 limited. However, it is also possible to partially remove the grooves between component 7 and plate 32 and between component 8 and the plate 32 by grooving.
  • the spinning pump 1, the melt distributor block 2 and the spinnerets 3 are housed in a heating box (not shown here).
  • the Heater box could be a hollow body with an inner jacket and one Be outer jacket. The two coats form one between them hermetically sealed cavity, which with a heating medium e.g. Heating fluid is filled. The inner jacket surrounds them heating parts.
  • the previously described exemplary embodiments of the invention all have the advantage that the fusible lines can be produced in a simple manner with high precision. This enables cross sections and lengths of the distributor grooves to be produced, which lead to uniform melt qualities in all spinning positions.
  • the block construction means that temperature differences or Temperature fluctuations in the heating system do not affect the melt flow.

Claims (16)

  1. Collecteur-répartiteur pour la filature d'une pluralité de fils synthétiques, comportant un distributeur de fonte pour la réception d'une pompe de filature (1) et de plusieurs filières (3), dans quel cas chaque filière (3) est respectivement liée à la pompe de filature (1) à l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de fonte (10, 13, 11) et dans quel cas chaque conduite de fonte (10, 13, 11), lesquelles correspondent au nombre des filières (3), présente un canal de fonte (10) menant à la pompe de filature, une conduite de distribution (13) et un canal de fonte (11) menant à l'une des filières (3), caractérisé en ce que le distributeur de fonte est réalisé en tant que bloc distributeur de fonte (2) et est constitué de deux pièces de construction (7, 8) qui sont séparées par un plan de joint (12) et qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre de manière étanche à la pression, les conduites de distribution (13) étant formées par des rainures (17, 29) dans le plan de joint (12).
  2. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les rainures (17, 29) sont introduites dans la surface (26) d'une des pièces de construction (7 ou 8) ou dans la surface (26) des deux pièces de construction (7, 8).
  3. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que des tubes sont mis en place dans les rainures (17, 29).
  4. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les rainures (17, 29) sont formées dans la/les surface(s) (26).
  5. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une plaque (32) est agencée dans le plan de joint (12), contre laquelle les pièces de construction (7, 8) s'appliquent de manière étanche à la pression et en ce que les rainures (17, 29) sont réalisées entre la plaque (32) et les pièces de construction (7, 8).
  6. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la surface (26) des deux pièces de construction (7, 8) ou d'une des pièces de construction (7) est constituée de deux zones (26, 27) séparées par une marche (28), les rainures (17) étant introduites dans la zone élevée (26) de la surface.
  7. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le plan de joint (12) est réalisé entre une pièce supérieure (7) du bloc distributeur de fonte (2) et une pièce inférieure (8) du bloc distributeur de fonte (2) dans un plan en biais, de sorte qu'une déclivité est créée dans les conduites de distribution entre la pompe de filature (1) et les filières (3).
  8. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le plan en biais est incliné en un angle aigu, de préférence dans les environs de 30°, par rapport à l'horizontale.
  9. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la pompe de filature (1) est fixée sur la pièce supérieure (7) sur la face opposée au plan de joint (12) et en ce que les filières (3) sont fixées sur la pièce inférieure (8) sur la face opposée au plan de joint (12).
  10. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les filières (3) sont disposées de manière décalée par rapport au plan dans lequel la pompe de filature (1) est agencée.
  11. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une conduite d'alimentation de fonte (14, 15) est réalisée de telle manière dans le bloc distributeur de fonte (2) qu'un flux de fonte est guidé d'un raccord (9) dans la pièce supérieure (7) du bloc distributeur de fonte (2) jusqu'à la pompe de filature (1).
  12. Collecteur-répartiteur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le raccord (9) est agencé dans la pièce inférieure (8) du bloc distributeur de fonte (2).
  13. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la pompe de filature (1) est réalisée en tant que pompe de distribution à engrenages et en ce que dans la zone de la pompe de filature (1) la pièce supérieure (7) du bloc distributeur de fonte (2) présente une face plane (16) contre laquelle s'appliquent les roues de pompe.
  14. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications précitées, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale interne d'une des conduites de distribution (13) est sensiblement constante sur la longueur de la conduite de distribution.
  15. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la longueur de la conduite de fonte (13, 10, 11) est sensiblement constante entre la pompe de filature (1) et les filières (3).
  16. Collecteur-répartiteur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de fonte (10, 11) s'étendent transversalement par rapport au plan de joint (12).
EP97951965A 1996-12-18 1997-11-25 Collecteur-repartiteur Expired - Lifetime EP0946796B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1965275 1996-12-18
DE19652755 1996-12-18
PCT/EP1997/006563 WO1998027253A1 (fr) 1996-12-18 1997-11-25 Collecteur-repartiteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0946796A1 EP0946796A1 (fr) 1999-10-06
EP0946796B1 true EP0946796B1 (fr) 2003-10-15

Family

ID=7815187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97951965A Expired - Lifetime EP0946796B1 (fr) 1996-12-18 1997-11-25 Collecteur-repartiteur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6261080B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0946796B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3904610B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100495526B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1107125C (fr)
DE (1) DE59710869D1 (fr)
TR (1) TR199901364T2 (fr)
TW (1) TW475608U (fr)
WO (1) WO1998027253A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103757716A (zh) * 2011-10-09 2014-04-30 吴红平 导热效率较高的纺丝箱用节能式纺丝模头

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IT1319599B1 (it) * 2000-12-20 2003-10-20 Rosaldo Fare Testa di melt-blown e procedimento ad alimentazione controllata per laproduzione di fibrille di materiale polimerico
US6605248B2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2003-08-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process and apparatus for making multi-layered, multi-component filaments
KR100426058B1 (ko) * 2002-03-08 2004-04-06 주식회사 효성 축광성 복합 섬유의 제조장치
DE10258261A1 (de) * 2002-12-13 2004-06-24 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinnbalken
US7014442B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2006-03-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt spinning extrusion head system
US7175407B2 (en) * 2003-07-23 2007-02-13 Aktiengesellschaft Adolph Saurer Linear flow equalizer for uniform polymer distribution in a spin pack of a meltspinning apparatus
DE50312134D1 (de) * 2003-08-23 2009-12-31 Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Mehrkomponentenfasern, insbesondere von Bikomponentenfasern
CN100368606C (zh) * 2005-11-14 2008-02-13 中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司 螺栓紧固式高产能紧凑上装式纺丝组件
CN103774247B (zh) * 2011-10-09 2016-08-17 东莞理工学院 导热速度较快的纺丝箱用节能式纺丝模头
CN104313711B (zh) * 2014-09-26 2018-04-27 常州创赢新材料科技有限公司 一步法高温高压熔融纺丝设备及聚合物纤维的生产方法
CN104372421B (zh) * 2014-12-04 2018-05-15 郑州中远氨纶工程技术有限公司 计量装置及氨纶干法纺丝部件
JP6696322B2 (ja) * 2016-06-24 2020-05-20 東京エレクトロン株式会社 ガス処理装置、ガス処理方法及び記憶媒体
DE102016013684A1 (de) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-17 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinnpumpe
US11268212B2 (en) * 2020-02-13 2022-03-08 Arun Agarwal Partially oriented yarn (POY) generation using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle flakes
CN111763997A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-10-13 常州纺兴精密机械有限公司 三组份复合中空纤维及其纺丝组件

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US3601846A (en) * 1970-01-26 1971-08-31 Eastman Kodak Co Spinneret assembly for multicomponent fibers
DE2113327A1 (de) 1971-03-19 1972-10-12 Reifenhaeuser Kg Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von schmelzgesponnenen Fasern
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KR930012184B1 (ko) 1989-11-27 1993-12-24 바마크 악티엔 게젤샤프트 용융 방사장치
DE59404257D1 (de) 1993-02-18 1997-11-13 Barmag Barmer Maschf Spinnanlage für thermoplastische fäden
CH688044A5 (de) 1993-06-21 1997-04-30 Rieter Automatik Gmbh Spinnbalken zum Schmelzspinnen endloser Faeden.
DE9313586U1 (de) 1993-09-08 1993-11-04 Synthetik Fiber Machinery Spinnbalken
IT1276034B1 (it) 1994-11-10 1997-10-24 Barmag Barmer Maschf Traversa di filatura per la filatura di una pluralita' di fili sintetici e procedimento per la sua produzione
TW311945B (fr) 1994-11-23 1997-08-01 Barmag Barmer Maschf

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103757716A (zh) * 2011-10-09 2014-04-30 吴红平 导热效率较高的纺丝箱用节能式纺丝模头
CN103757716B (zh) * 2011-10-09 2015-12-30 广州科技职业技术学院 导热效率较高的纺丝箱用节能式纺丝模头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1107125C (zh) 2003-04-30
KR20000057399A (ko) 2000-09-15
TW475608U (en) 2002-02-01
CN1240487A (zh) 2000-01-05
JP2001506322A (ja) 2001-05-15
KR100495526B1 (ko) 2005-06-16
EP0946796A1 (fr) 1999-10-06
US6261080B1 (en) 2001-07-17
WO1998027253A1 (fr) 1998-06-25
DE59710869D1 (de) 2003-11-20
JP3904610B2 (ja) 2007-04-11
TR199901364T2 (en) 1999-11-22

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