EP0942109A2 - Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0942109A2 EP0942109A2 EP99104800A EP99104800A EP0942109A2 EP 0942109 A2 EP0942109 A2 EP 0942109A2 EP 99104800 A EP99104800 A EP 99104800A EP 99104800 A EP99104800 A EP 99104800A EP 0942109 A2 EP0942109 A2 EP 0942109A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- web
- carrier
- carrier web
- edge strips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/36—Devices for sealing the spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/555—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by ultrasonic heating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/174—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the ridge of the roof
- E04D13/176—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the ridge of the roof formed by flexible material suitable to be rolled up
Definitions
- the invention relates to a strip-shaped material web for a ridge or Ridge cover with a rain and flight snow-tight carrier web, with at least in the area of the outer longitudinal edges of the carrier web on one side applied plastically deformable edge strips, the roofing sheets are customizable.
- Strip-shaped material webs of the generic type are in various designs for covering ridges or burrs from Building roofs known and serve to seal the roof interior against rain and flying snow.
- a generic strip-shaped material web is known from EP 0 341 343 A2 known. It has a median strip that allows air to pass through from a water-repellent and flight snow-proof fleece and to the Customizable side stripes from top of roofing slabs stretchable polyisobutylene film strips with embedded expanded metal mesh on. This expanded metal mesh worked into polyisobutylene foil strips however, causes great production effort and high manufacturing costs, so that the economy of the known strip-shaped material web seems to be in need of improvement.
- a ridge sealing strip is known from EP 0 610 324 B1, in which wavy metal edge strips on the side strips are attached that between the side strips and the edge strips in Air passage channels running in the width direction of the ridge sealing strip are formed.
- a ridge sealing strip is made of one air-permeable non-woven fabric known, which can be impregnated with synthetic resin and the side parts of which have a wavy cross section at their outer edge exhibit.
- this ridge sealing strip has an insufficient one Dimensional rigidity and stability.
- a ridge sealing strip is made of a plastic deformable plastic fleece known, in which the side parts in sections, which is preferably transverse to the longitudinal extent of the ridge weather strip run, have solidified. This ridge sealing strip also has none sufficient stiffness.
- the object of the invention is a strip-shaped material web to propose a ridge or ridge cover of the type mentioned at the beginning, compared to the known ridge or ridge covers reduced effort and costs can be produced and also a good one Sealing of the roof interior against rain and flying snow enables and has good dimensional stability and sufficient dimensional stability.
- This task is performed with a strip-like material web according to the characterizing features of claim 1 solved.
- a method for producing the strip-shaped according to the invention Material web are the subject of claims 16 to 19, a device for Manufacture of the same is specified in claim 20.
- the material web according to the invention for a ridge or ridge cover is characterized in that at least one in Longitudinal stretch of the material web with elastically stretchable composite material an elastic and flexible carrier film and at least on one side of the Carrier film applied and connected to form cavities
- Nonwoven web is provided, the nonwoven web by means of thermal bonding or Ultrasonic welding in point or line areas with the Carrier film is connected, and provided with an embossed pattern or creped edge strips from a plastically deformable plastic film or metal such as aluminum, lead, brass or copper are provided and are fully connected to the carrier web by means of an adhesion promoter.
- the strip-shaped material web according to the invention has a rain and Flying snow-tight carrier web from an elastic at least in one direction stretchable composite material with a multilayer structure, in which one Layer is formed from an elastic and flexible carrier film and at least on one side of the carrier film as a further layer with the Backing film with the formation of voids connected nonwoven web is provided, the nonwoven web by means of thermal bonding or Ultrasonic welding in point or line areas with the Carrier film is connected and the edge strip from a plastic deformable plastic or metal foil, such as aluminum, lead, brass, Copper is formed and is embossed or creped and is fully connected to the carrier web.
- the material web is in the Side areas that are designed with the edge strip, at least in Elongation of the material web plastically stretchable.
- the invention teaches that an elastic carrier web which is essentially is fully connected to the embossed or creped edge strip and which is possibly also deformed in this composite area, easily by Hand can be adjusted to the course of the roofing slabs. As a result the elasticity and extensibility of the carrier web can also be done on the Adjust the course of the roofing slabs by hand.
- the edge strip At Formation of the stretchability of the edge strip by embossing proposed according to the invention that foils from plastically deformable Plastics 0.2 to 0.4 mm thick or metal 0.03 thick up to 0.2 mm are used for the edge strip and the thickness of the embossed Edge strip at least five times the thickness (d) of the film used is.
- the embossing pattern should cover at least 50% of the area of the Edge strip be present, preferably the entire surface of the Edge strip is included in the embossing.
- the embossing pattern can according to the invention in closed or that the embossing pattern in closed or broken banded zigzag shape or waveform or Stair shape transverse to the length of the material web on the Margins run.
- the edge strips are preferably glued to the carrier web, e.g. B. means a suitable thermally activatable adhesive, such as one Hot melt adhesive or by means of suitable pressure sensitive adhesives.
- the carrier webs used in the context of a multilayer structure from a carrier film and on the carrier film attached nonwoven webs are from the manufacture of diapers and the like Hygiene articles known, for example on DE 196 04 956 A1, DE 42 43 012 C2, DE 42 38 541 A1.
- Two- or three-layer composites can be used for the invention be, the carrier film only on one side or both sides with each a nonwoven web is connected.
- the attachment of the nonwoven webs to the carrier film with the formation of Cavities are essentially achieved in that the nonwoven webs in In contrast to the carrier film, they have reduced or no elasticity at all and the nonwoven webs and / or the carrier film in at least one direction be stretched.
- the nonwoven webs are point by point or linear areas with the carrier film by means of thermal bonding and / or Ultrasonic welding is connected and the composite thus formed is relaxed.
- the nonwoven webs remain due to their only minor Elasticity in its pre-relaxing length, while the elastic carrier film its original dimensions before stretching takes up again, whereby between the connection points of the Nonwoven webs to the carrier film wave and throw the nonwoven webs and here the cavities are formed.
- the invention can strip-shaped material web particularly easy to handle and even in difficult accessible ridge or ridge areas of building roofs on simple Lay wise, as well as roll up before using what the Manageability and transport easier.
- a very outstanding advantage it follows that the carrier web used according to the invention in addition to the high Elongation and elasticity in the length of the material web, too still a little stretch and elasticity in the transverse direction of the Has material web.
- the plastically deformable Edge strips allow adaptation to the contours of the roof in the long term.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the nonwoven webs the carrier web has a wavy course and in some areas the carrier film are connected.
- the wave crests and valleys of the nonwoven webs preferably perpendicular to the carrier film.
- the carrier web used according to the invention is given a meandering course a particularly high elasticity that when reaching a predetermined Stretching is stopped abruptly by the nonwoven webs.
- the connection of the Wavy nonwoven webs with the carrier film take place after a advantageous embodiment of the invention in the area of the troughs Nonwoven webs.
- the carrier film of the carrier web is preferably made of an elastic rubber thermoplastic elastomer.
- the carrier film from a polyethylene / polyethylene copolymer or from block copolymers of type A - B - A '.
- the thickness of the carrier film is advantageously 0.01 to 0.08 mm.
- the carrier film of the carrier web can also be provided to perforate the carrier film of the carrier web, to allow water vapor to pass through.
- the perforations can be carried out in such a size that water vapor penetration water drops or flying snow are prevented from entering remains. This can be done, for example, during the connection of the carrier film the nonwoven webs are effected by means of needle rollers.
- Such strip-shaped material web enables ridge and / or ridge cover a moisture removal from the roof interior with simultaneous rain and Air-tightness.
- nonwoven webs of the carrier web used according to the invention are advantageous based on polyolefins, such as polypropylene or a polyester.
- Nonwovens produced using different processes can be used here are used, such as nonwovens made from continuous filaments or such meltblown microfibers or combinations thereof.
- strip-shaped material web provides that in the central region of the Carrier web a reinforcement strip is applied, for. B. is glued on.
- This reinforcement strip is put together with the middle area of the Carrier sheet placed on the ridge or ridge beam and by means of nails or the like fixed on this.
- This fixation is then carried out by the Reinforcement strips through, so that on the one hand the fixation improves and on the other hand, tearing of the carrier web in this area is prevented.
- the plastically deformable edge strips and / or the are preferred Reinforcement strips made of aluminum foil or copper foil or from a Plastic film based on polyolefins, such as polypropylene, one High density polyethylene (HD polyethylene) or a lower polyethylene Density (LD polyethylene) or a soft PVC in a thickness of 40 to 100 ⁇ m formed.
- high-strength reinforcement strips are used Fabric for use.
- the reinforcement strip then has a width of 30 up to 40 mm with a width of the material web of 300 mm.
- the reinforcement strip is perforated is, for example, a series of holes at a constant distance has, through the fixing nails in the ridge or ridge beams can be smashed.
- strip-shaped material web on the top of the roofing slabs can also improve in the area of the longitudinal edges of the Carrier web on the side facing away from the edge strip self-adhesive adhesive strips based on bitumen or one Butyl rubber can be applied to the carrier web.
- These self-adhesive Show adhesive strips based on bitumen and / or a butyl rubber a high weather resistance on that for applications in construction is an advantage.
- a modification of the bituminous base is preferred by means of polyolefins, whereby the self-adhesive strips are attached over a wide temperature range elastically deformable and temperature resistant can be set so that they can be, for example, in one Temperature range from -20 ° C to + 100 ° C temperature resistant and are processable. Furthermore, the addition of polyolefins Plasticity and the thermomechanical behavior of the bitumen increased.
- the handling of the strip-like material web according to the invention can be increased according to a development of the invention in that the adhesive strips by means of a removable cover strip from a Plastic film or siliconized paper are covered.
- edge strips and the reinforcement strips of the invention strip-shaped material web are preferably on the same side of the Carrier web applied, but it is also possible within the scope of the invention the edge strips on one side of the carrier web and the reinforcement strips on the other side of the carrier web or the reinforcement strips on both sides to apply.
- the strip-shaped material web according to the invention After laying the strip-shaped material web according to the invention as Ridge or ridge cover are usually at least the longitudinal edges of the Carrier web and the edge strips exposed to the entry of sunlight, because they emerge from the roofing slabs.
- the strip-shaped material web according to the invention at least in some areas, preferably in the entry of sunlight exposed area is UV-resistant.
- a Stabilization and / or pigmentation of the material web according to the invention or parts thereof to improve their weathering stability become.
- a method for producing the strip-shaped according to the invention Material web for a ridge or ridge cover is characterized by that the film forming the edge strips by a between two rollers trained first nip is performed, at least one of these Rolling a surface profile in the form of elevations and / or Has depressions and the film when passing through the first Roller nip under the influence of pressure and additional for plastic films Heat is embossed to the edge strips under plastic deformation and subsequently the embossed edge strips together with the carrier web second roll nip formed between two rolls are fed, and at least one of these rollers is one of the rollers of the first nip has corresponding surface profiling and the longitudinal edges of the Carrier web with the deformed edge strips when passing through the second nip under the action of pressure and heat all over Maintaining the deformation of the edge strips can be connected.
- the carrier web and the die can also be provided Films forming edge strips in the undeformed state already in advance connect and then pass together through the nip, the embossing of the edge strips and the associated longitudinal edges the carrier web is effected.
- the Foil forming edge strips and / or the carrier web before the implementation through which the full-surface connection between the edge strips and the Carrier web causing roll nip an adhesive is applied so that the edge strips and the carrier web when passing through it Glue the nip preferably over the entire surface.
- Gluing the Carrier web with the edge strips can for example by means of a Edge strips and / or the carrier web applied before the connection Coating from a thermally activatable in the nip Hot melt adhesive or similar.
- both rollers forming a nip with Surface profiling in the form of elevations and / or depressions are trained and the rollers with their surface profiles intermesh, such as combing together in the manner of gears.
- At least one of the rolls forming the nip is advantageous, which the plastic deformation of the edge strips cause one for the plastic Deformation and / or connection of the edge strips to the carrier web heated enough temperature.
- the heat supply can also be so great that additional glue can be dispensed with entirely and the edge strips due to the heating by means of the heated roller by itself with the Carrier web to be connected.
- the plastic deformability and connection of the edge strips with the Carrier web can also be increased in that at least the foils forming the edge strips before being carried out by the Roll nip are looped around the heated roller so that sufficient heating can take place.
- the heated roll then forms the first roll, with which the foils forming the edge strips come into contact.
- the plastic plastic foils to be deformed are thereby preferably guided directly against the heated first roller, whereby the heating of the same is further improved.
- the reinforcement strip is either by pressure and heat or by using an adhesive, as with the edge strips explained, applied to the carrier web.
- edge strips forming Films are covered on one or both sides with a paper web and so formed working group is passed through a creping device and then the paper webs from the creped one forming an edge strip
- the film is peeled off, and the creped edge strip of the carrier web is supplied with in the areas to be connected to the edge strips an adhesion promoter or adhesive layer is sprayed on, and the carrier web with the edge strips when going through one of smooth Rubber rolls formed nip when exercising a low the Crepe of the edge strip not destructively connected pressure becomes.
- a device for producing the strip-shaped according to the invention Material web for a deadline or ridge coverage is characterized by that a first pair of rollers with two forming a first nip Rolling is provided, with at least one of the rollers one Surface profiling in the form of elevations and / or depressions and the film forming the edge strips of the first nip can be fed in such a way that it is carried out through the nip embossed and plastically deformable and arranged after the first pair of rollers a second pair of rollers with two rollers forming a second nip is provided, through which the embossed edge strips together with the Carrier web can be carried out, the rollers being one of the width of the Have the appropriate width and the end regions of the rollers, between which the longitudinal edges of the carrier web together with the Edge strips are passed through the second nip, thickened are formed and at least the thickened end regions of a roller one of the surface profiling of the at least one profiled roller of the first roll pair corresponding surface
- the device for Production of the strip-shaped material web for a ridge or Burr cover according to the invention has only one pair of rollers, wherein a nip is formed between the rollers and feed devices for the supply of the carrier web and the film forming the edge strips for Roll nip are provided. These are arranged so that the Longitudinal edges of the carrier web with the edge strips when passing through the Roll nip can be connected under the action of pressure and heat.
- the rollers have a width corresponding to the width of the carrier web and the end regions of the rollers, between which the longitudinal edges of the Carrier web with the edge strips are passed through the nip, are formed thickened and at least the thickened end regions of one Roll with a surface profile in the form of elevations and / or Wells are formed so that the edge strips and at least the Longitudinal edges of the carrier web are shaped as they pass through the nip be, the edge strips undergo a plastic deformation and the Edge strips are fully connected to the carrier web.
- both rolls forming a nip with a Surface profiling in the form of elevations and / or depressions are trained and the rollers with their surface profiles are arranged interlocking.
- At least one of the rolls forming the nip by means of which the plastic Deformation of the edge strips can be effected, can be designed to be heatable. This Heating can be used to thermally activate one on the verge applied adhesive or serve to glue the edge strips effect with the carrier web. If necessary, before the Additional roller heater or similar heat sources be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a strip-shaped material web 1 for a ridge and / or Burr cover shown. It includes one across the entire width of the Material web 1 running rain and flight snow-tight carrier web 10 with a central area 10a and adjoining the central area Longitudinal edges 10b.
- the central region 10a of the carrier web 10 is a reinforcement strip 11 upset.
- Carrier web 10 are self-adhesive strips 13 on the longitudinal edges 10b the carrier web 10 attached. In the event that the edge strips are creped, there is a correspondingly denser sequence of
- the carrier web 10 which is shown enlarged in FIG. 3, consists of an elastically stretchable composite material with a multilayer, here three-layer structure.
- the inner layer is elastic and flexible Carrier film 100 is provided, for example made of a thermoplastic Elastomer, such as a PE / PE copolymer with a thickness of 0.04 mm is trained.
- the outer layers of the carrier web 10 are each of one with the carrier film 100 with the formation of transverse to the longitudinal extent the strip-shaped material web 1 continuous cavities 104 connected nonwoven webs 101, 102, for example from continuous filaments based on polypropylene.
- the nonwoven webs 101, 102 are by means of spot welded areas 103 arranged in areas in a grid pattern after the so-called thermobonding process connected to the carrier film 100, the nonwoven webs having a meandering or undulating course and with the formation of the cavities 104 with the carrier film 100 are connected.
- the wave crests B and troughs T der wavy nonwoven webs 101, 102 approximately perpendicular to the carrier film 100 and are in the area of the troughs T with the carrier film Spot welds connected.
- the carrier web 10 points in particular across to extend the cavities 104 to a high degree of elasticity, i. H. in Direction of arrows S in Figure 3.
- the Orientation of the high elasticity of the carrier web 10 in the direction of arrow S so chosen so that it has a longitudinal extension L, so that the carrier web 10 in Longitudinal direction L is particularly elastic.
- the same applied edge strips 12 are, for example, from a plastically deformable plastic film based on strips of polyolefins, such as polypropylene, HD polyethylene or LD polyethylene or manufactured on the basis of PVC and are, for example, by means of a suitable, e.g. B. glued thermally activated adhesive.
- the Edge strips 12 are designed, for example, in a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, which gives them high rigidity.
- edge strips 12 along their longitudinal extent L are formed in a wavy, kinked manner, wherein in the area of Buckles 122 each show the elastic extensibility of the edge strip 12 is exceeded and therefore the bends 122 plastically deformed are.
- the undulating course of the edge strips 12 can, for. B. meandering, rectangular, triangular or the like.
- the carrier web 10 in the region of its longitudinal edges 10b full surface with the edge strips 12 z. B. is connected by gluing, so that the longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 the wavy kinked follow the course of the edge strips 12 in the connection area thereof.
- region 10a of the carrier web 10 remains in a plane orientation and is the wavy course of the edge strips 12 and the longitudinal edges 10b unaffected.
- the one applied in the central region 10a of the carrier web 10 Reinforcement strip 11, like the edge strips 12, is made of one Plastic film based on polyolefins, such as polypropylene, HD polyethylene or LD polyethylene or based on PVC, preferably soft PVC is formed and is on the central region 10a of the carrier web 10 on the same side as the edge strips 12, d. H. in the present example on the Fleece web 101 attached to the carrier web 10, for example by means of a suitable one Glue stuck on.
- the central region 10a of the carrier web 10 is mechanically reinforced and when using the strip-shaped material web 1 as a ridge and / or Burr cover this on the respective ridge or ridge beam with the placed in the middle area 10a and for example by means of nails on the Beam fixed.
- the reinforcement strip 11 prevents tearing out Carrier web 10 in its state attached to the ridge or ridge beam and thus serves as a nail aid. This can be done, for example, at regular intervals Spaces in the reinforcement strip 11 holes 11 a are formed which each have a nail for attaching the strip-shaped material web 1 to the ridge or Ridge beams can be done.
- the plant and formability of the longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 to the The top of roofing tiles, such as roof tiles, is covered by that on the Bottom, d. H. applied to the nonwoven web 102 of the carrier web 10 self-adhesive tape 13 increased.
- These are preferably from an approx 10 to 30 mm wide strips based on one with suitable polyolefins modified bitumen built and allow the Carrier web 10 at the top of the roofing slabs if the strip-shaped material web used for a ridge or ridge cover becomes.
- FIGS 7 to 10 are different Embossing pattern shown as an example.
- An advantageous imprint with elevations and depressions in two mutually perpendicular directions on the Edge strips or the material web run is in the figures 7a, 7b shown in extracts.
- This embossing pattern is characterized a wavy course in the transverse direction of the material web 1 of Elevations 121 and depressions 122. In the longitudinal extension of the Considered material web 1 again results in a wavy course of the Elevations 121 and depressions 122, now perpendicular to the material web.
- an overall height results of the embossed edge strip H of 1.8 mm, d. H. nine times the thickness d the edge strip or that used for the edge strip Foil.
- rollers 2, 3 forming the nip 23 are in FIGS. 5 and 6 presented in more detail.
- the rollers 2, 3 are in a width corresponding to the carrier web 10 Width. Both rollers 2, 3 have a central region 20, 30 between which a nip 23b is formed, through which the middle region 10a of the carrier web 10 as shown in FIG. 4 is pulled through without being compressed by the rollers 2, 3.
- the End regions 21a, 21b and 31a, 31b of the rollers 2, 3 are opposite to the middle region 20, 30 of which are thickened and each give one Roller gap 23a free, which has a smaller clear width L1 than the clear width L2 of the nip 23b between the central regions 20, 30.
- the longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 become through these nips 23a passed together with the supplied films 12a, so that the Longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 and the foils 12a when they are in common Pass through the nips 23a high pressure and corresponding Exposed to temperatures, causing the films 12a with the side strips 10b of the carrier web 10 are connected, for. B. when using an adhesive are glued together or due to the high temperatures and pressures stick to each other in the nip.
- a film both Plastic films as well as metal foils are used.
- FIG. 5 also shows that the thickened areas 21a, 21b and 31a, 31b of the rollers 2, 3 with transverse to Direction of passage of the carrier web 10 and the foils 12a extending Surface profiling in the form of elevations and depressions 22, 32 are trained. These are only shown schematically in FIG. 5 Surface profiles are shown in more detail in FIG. 6.
- the roller 2 surface profiling in the form of recesses 22 into which the surface profiles of the Roller 3 in the form of elevations 32 in the manner of intermeshing Engage gears so that the films 12a when passing through the Roll gaps 23a not only with the longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 are connected, but at the same time also in the longitudinal extension L in the Figure 1 experience wavy kinked course and so the plastically deformed edge strips 12 are formed, in which the Buckles 122 are each plastically deformed.
- the middle area 10a of the carrier web due to the larger clear width L2 of the nip 23b with respect to L1 no deformation. are also in the area 20, 30 of the roller 2, 3 no surface profiles are formed.
- the Rollers can now also be used with other profiles Embossing patterns of Figures 7 to 10 to be provided with the foils to provide corresponding stretchable embossing patterns.
- edge strips 12 to the carrier web and simultaneous to facilitate plastic deformation by embossing the edge strips 12 furthermore the roller 2 with which the foils forming the edge strips 12 12a and the carrier web 10 before passing through the nip 23 4 first come into contact, heatable and points to it Purpose connections 24 for a heating medium. It is thus possible to use the roller 2 in particular for the connection and plastic deformation Plastic films 12a with the longitudinal edges 10b of the carrier web 10 heat the required temperature.
- the plastic films 12a and the carrier web 10 looped around the rollers 2 and 3, so that they have a longer stay on the in the direction of passage through the Roll nip seen first and heated roll 2 before passing through experience the nip 23 and also the plastic films 12a Rollers 2, 3 are fed so that they pass through the Nip 23 directly on the surface of the first and heated roll 2 rest, whereby the heating of the same is increased again.
- the heatable edge strips 12 and / or carrier web 10 can be brought about be dimensioned such that an applied according to arrows P in Figure 4 Adhesives, for example a hot melt adhesive, before the thermal connection is activated, or the heating is so great that the edge strips from out with the carrier web as it passes through the nip connect. This also applies when connecting with edge strips from a metal foil.
- Adhesives for example a hot melt adhesive
- edge strips 12 are heated forming films 12a and / or carrier web 10 by means of heat rays W from a heater, not shown, before passing through the To further increase the nip.
- FIG. 4b The manufacture of creped edge strips 12 including those equipped with them Material web 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 4b on one Embodiment shown.
- a film 12a for example made of aluminum in a thickness of 0.3 mm by continuously feeding two Paper tapes 6a, 6b covered on both sides and one out Häverbund AV established.
- the AV working group is subsequently fed to a creping device K.
- Crepe devices are known for the manufacture of crepe paper, wherein the paper is compressed when wet, so that it is tight Wrinkles experience.
- the Working group including the metal foil 12a to be creped and creped subsequently the paper tapes 6a1, 6b1, which are now also creped, peeled off after drying and the creped remains Edge strips 12 made of aluminum foil.
- This edge strip 12 is in Folded longitudinal extension of the carrier web 10 and later material web 1.
- the carrier web 10 is preferred on the Connection side in the connection area with the two edge strips 12 with a pressure sensitive adhesive application or hot melt adhesive application P, see arrows, provided and coated, for example by spraying, knife coating or optionally also rolling a hot-melt adhesive film.
- Embossed patterns which in particular have a high pattern, are also preferred here Elasticity through the previously incorporated plastic deformation and that Allow embossing patterns in the longitudinal direction of the material web.
- FIG. 8a An edge strip is shown in FIG. 8a in plan view and FIG. 8b in side view with an embossed pattern with spherical impressions 121, 122, the are embossed alternately on both sides of the edge strip.
- Fig. 9 shows an embossed pattern with pyramids on the top and bottom each appears oppositely raised and indented. Variations of the Patterns, especially with roundings, are available in many different ways possible.
- the embossing pattern can also be designed in the manner of waffle patterns become.
- Carrier web 10 as well as the connection of the reinforcement strip 11 with the central region 10a of the carrier web 10 can vary Material properties are provided, the edge strips 12 and / or the Reinforcement strips 11 only by the action of pressure and heat to connect the carrier web 10 or suitable adhesives, in particular Use so-called hot melt adhesive for the connection to the carrier web 10.
- These can be used as a coating on the edge strip 12 or the one that forms it Plastic films 12a and the reinforcement strips 11 already during the Production of the same can be applied or the adhesive immediately before joining the edge strips 12 or them forming plastic films 12a with the carrier web 10 or Reinforcement strips 11 are applied to the carrier web 10 thereon.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- in perspektivischer Darstellung die Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen streifenförmigen Materialbahn für eine First- und/oder Gratabdeckung,
- Figur 2
- einen Schnitt durch die streifenförmige Materialbahn gemäß Pfeilen B - B in Figur 1,
- Figur 3
- den Schnitt durch die Trägerbahn gemäß Pfeilen A - A in Figur 2,
- Figur 4a
- in schematisierter Darstellung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen streifenförmigen Materialbahn mit Prägemuster der Randstreifen,
- Figur 4b
- in schematisierter Darstellung eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen streifenförmigen Materialbahn mit gekreppten Randstreifen,
- Figur 5
- in schematisierter Darstellung ein Walzenpaar zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen streifenförmigen Materialbahn,
- Figur 6
- in schematisierter Darstellung die Seitenansicht des Walzenpaares gemäß Pfeil V in Figur 5.
- Figur 7a
- ein weiteres Prägemuster für den Randstreifen in Draufsicht,
- Figur 7b
- Seitenansicht V von Figur 7a,
- Figuren 8a,b, 9, 10
- weitere Varianten von Prägemustern für den Randstreifen.
Claims (20)
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung mit einer regen- und flugschneedichten Trägerbahn mit zumindest im Bereich der äußeren Längsränder der Trägerbahn auf einer Seite aufgebrachten plastisch verformbaren Randstreifen, die an Dacheindeckungsplatten anpaßbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Trägerbahn (10) ein mindestens in Längserstreckung der Materialbahn elastisch dehnbares Verbundmaterial mit einer elastischen und flexiblen Trägerfolie (100) und zumindest auf einer Seite der Trägerfolie (100) aufgebrachter und unter Ausbildung von Hohlräumen (104) verbundener Vliesbahn (101 bzw. 102) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Vliesbahn mittels Thermobonding oder Ultraschallverschweißen in punkt- oder linienförmigen Bereichen mit der Trägerfolie (100) verbunden ist, und mit einem Prägemuster versehene oder gekreppte Randstreifen (12) aus einer plastisch verformbaren Folie aus Kunststoff oder Metall, wie Aluminium, Blei, Messing oder Kupfer vorgesehen sind und vollflächig mit der Trägerbahn (10) mittels eines Haftvermittlers verbunden sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerbahn (10) dreischichtig ausgebildet ist, wobei auf jeder Seite der Trägerfolie (100) eine Vliesbahn (101, 102) als äußere Schichten unter Ausbildung von Hohlräumen (14) mit der Trägerfolie (100) als innere Schicht verbunden sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede mit der Trägerfolie (100) verbundene Vliesbahnen (101, 102) einen wellenförmigen Verlauf aufweisen, wobei die Wellenberge und -täler senkrecht in Bezug auf die Trägerfolie (100) verlaufend ausgebildet sind und die wellenförmig verlaufenden Vliesbahnen im Bereich ihrer Wellentäler mit der Trägerbahn (10) verbunden sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerfolie (100) der Trägerbahn (10) aus einem gummielastischen thermoplastischen Elastomer gebildet ist.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Trägerfolie (100) der Trägerbahn (10) 0,01 bis 0,08 mm beträgt.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägerfolie (100) mit Perforationen in einer solchen Größe ausgebildet ist, daß Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit gegeben ist und ein Durchtritt von Wassertropfen verhindert ist.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vliesbahnen (101, 102) des Trägermaterials (10) auf Basis von Polyolefinen, wie Polypropylen oder eines Polyesters hergestellt sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im mittleren Bereich der Trägerbahn (10) ein Verstärkungsstreifen (11) aufgebracht ist, wobei die Randstreifen (12) und der Verstärkungsstreifen (11) auf derselben Seite der Trägerbahn (10) aufgebracht sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Randstreifen (12) und/oder der Verstärkungsstreifen (11) auf die Trägerbahn (10) aufgeklebt sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Bereich der Längsränder der Trägerbahn (10) auf der den Randstreifen (12) abgewandten Seite der Trägerbahn (10) selbstklebende Klebestreifen (13) auf Basis von Bitumen und/oder eines Butylkautschuks auf die Trägerbahn (10) aufgebracht und mittels eines abziehbaren Abdeckstreifens aus einer Kunststoffolie oder silikonisiertem Papier abgedeckt sind.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der geprägte oder gekreppte Randstreifen eine Dehnbarkeit infolge der plastischen Verformung von mindestens 10 % in Längserstreckung der Materialbahn aufweist.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Folien aus plastisch verformbaren Kunststoffen einer Dicke (d) von 0,2 bis 0,4 mm und aus Metall einer Dicke (d) von 0,03 bis 0,2 mm für den Randstreifen verwendet sind und die Dicke (H) des geprägten Randstreifens mindestens das Fünffache der Dicke (d) der eingesetzten Folie beträgt.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Prägemuster mindestens 50 % der Fläche des Randstreifens umfaßt.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Prägemuster in geschlossener oder unterbrochener bandförmiger Zickzackform oder Wellenform oder Treppenform quer zur Längserstreckung der Materialbahn auf dem Randstreifen verläuft.
- Streifenförmige Materialbahn nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Randstreifen mit einem Prägemuster in Waffelform, Rautenform oder aufgelöst mit einer Vielzahl kleiner Prägekörper wie in Gestalt von Kugelschalen oder Prismen versehen sind.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer streifenförmigen Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung mit einer regen- und flugschneedichten Trägerbahn und entlang der Längsränder der Trägerbahn aufgebrachten plastisch verformbaren Randstreifen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Längsränder der Trägerbahn (10) und die die Randstreifen (12) bildenden Folien (12a) gemeinsam durch einen zwischen zwei Walzen (2, 3) ausgebildeten Walzenspalt (23) geführt werden, wobei zumindest eine der Walzen eine Oberflächenprofilierung in Form von Erhöhungen und/oder Vertiefungen aufweist, und die Folie (12a) und die Trägerbahn (10) beim Durchführen durch den Walzenspalt unter Einwirkung von Druck und gegebenenfalls Wärme unter plastischer Verformung der Folie zu den Randstreifen (12) zusammen mit der Trägerbahn in dem Verbundbereich geprägt werden und die Randstreifen (12) vollflächig mit der Trägerbahn (10) verbunden werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Folie (12a) und/oder die Trägerbahn (10) vor der Durchführung durch den die Verbindung zwischen den Randstreifen (12) und der Trägerbahn (10) bewirkenden Walzenspalt (23) ein Klebemittel aufgebracht wird und die Randstreifen (12) und die Trägerbahn (10) beim Durchführen durch diesen Walzenspalt (23b bzw. 23) miteinander verkleben.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer streifenförmigen Materialbahn für eine First oder Gratabdeckung mit einer regen- und flugschneedichten Trägerbahn und entlang der Längsränder der Trägerbahn aufgebrachten plastisch verformbaren Randstreifen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Randstreifen (12) bildenden Folien (12a) ein- oder beidseitig mit einer Papierbahn (6a, 6b) abgedeckt werden und der so gebildete Arbeitsverbund (60) durch eine Kreppvorrichtung (K) hindurchgeführt wird und danach die Papierbahnen (6a, 6b) von der gekreppten einen Randstreifen (12) bildenden Folie abgezogen werden, und der gekreppte Randstreifen (12) der Trägerbahn (10) zugeführt wird, die in den mit den Randstreifen zu verbindenden Bereichen mit einer Haftvermittler- oder Klebeschicht durch Aufsprühen versehen wird, und die Trägerbahn mit den Randstreifen beim Durchlaufen eines von glatten Gummiwalzen gebildeten Walzenspaltes bei Ausübung eines geringen die Kreppung des Randstreifens nicht zerstörenden Druckes haftfest verbunden wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Papierbahnen (6a, 6b) auf der der Folie (12a) zugewandten Seite mit einem Trennmittel beschichtet werden.
- Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer streifenförmigen Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung mit einer regen- und flugschneedichten Trägerbahn und entlang der Längsränder der Trägerbahn aufgebrachten plastisch verformbaren Randstreifen nach einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Walzenpaar, zwischen dem ein Walzenspalt ausgebildet ist und Zuführeinrichtungen für die gemeinsame Zufuhr der Trägerbahn (10) und der die Randstreifen bildenden Folie (12a) zum Walzenspalt vorgesehen sind, dergestalt, daß die Trägerbahn (10) mit den Randstreifen (12) beim Durchgang durch den Walzenspalt unter Einwirkung von Druck und Wärme verbindbar sind und die Walzen eine der Breite der Trägerbahn entsprechende Breite aufweisen und die Endbereiche der Walzen, zwischen denen die Längsränder der Trägerbahn (10) gemeinsam mit den Randstreifen (12) durch den Walzenspalt geführt werden, verdickt ausgebildet sind und zumindest die verdickten Endbereiche einer Walze mit einer Oberflächenprofilierung in Gestalt von Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen ausgebildet sind, so daß die Randstreifen (12) und zumindest die Längsränder der Trägerbahn (10) beim Durchlaufen des Walzenspaltes geprägt und mit der Trägerbahn vollflächig verbunden werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19810434A DE19810434C1 (de) | 1998-03-11 | 1998-03-11 | Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben |
DE19810434 | 1998-03-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0942109A2 true EP0942109A2 (de) | 1999-09-15 |
EP0942109A3 EP0942109A3 (de) | 2000-02-23 |
EP0942109B1 EP0942109B1 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
Family
ID=7860454
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99104800A Expired - Lifetime EP0942109B1 (de) | 1998-03-11 | 1999-03-11 | Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First- oder Gratabdeckung sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung derselben |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0942109B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE249559T1 (de) |
DE (3) | DE19810434C1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0980725A2 (de) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-23 | Alfons Knoche | Dichtungselement und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
EP1138471A1 (de) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Verbundfolie |
DE10042448A1 (de) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-21 | Roettger Wilhelm | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines teilplissierten First- oder Gratbelüftungselements |
EP1201845A2 (de) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-02 | Peter Wirz | Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First-und/oder Gratabdeckung |
CN103276856A (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 广西南南铝箔有限责任公司 | 用于屋顶的铝裙的生产工艺及设备 |
WO2019057997A1 (de) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Sika Technology Ag | Abdichtungselement und verfahren zur herstellung eines abdichtungselements |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19926212A1 (de) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-12-14 | Kloeber Johannes | First- und Gratabdeckstreifen |
DE202005005272U1 (de) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-08-03 | Meinecke, Bernd | First- und/oder Gratentlüftungssystem mit einem Stützmaterial |
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- 1999-03-11 EP EP99104800A patent/EP0942109B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-11 AT AT99104800T patent/ATE249559T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-11 DE DE59906913T patent/DE59906913D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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DE4238541A1 (de) | 1992-11-14 | 1994-05-19 | Amoco Fabrics Zweigniederlassu | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer elastischen, mehrschichtigen Materialbahn |
DE4243012A1 (de) | 1992-12-18 | 1994-06-23 | Corovin Gmbh | Mehrschichtiges elastisches Flächengebilde sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen elastischen Flächengebildes |
DE19604956A1 (de) | 1996-02-10 | 1997-08-14 | Corovin Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrlagigen elastischen Flächengebildes sowie mehrlagiges elastisches Flächengebilde |
DE29711241U1 (de) | 1997-06-27 | 1997-08-14 | Doerken Ewald Ag | Dichtungsstreifen für First- und/oder Gratabdeckungen |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0980725A2 (de) * | 1998-07-23 | 2000-02-23 | Alfons Knoche | Dichtungselement und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
EP0980725B1 (de) * | 1998-07-23 | 2003-09-10 | MBE Moderne Befestigungselemente GmbH | Dichtungselement und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
EP1138471A1 (de) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Verbundfolie |
US6506474B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2003-01-14 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Composite sheet |
DE10042448A1 (de) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-21 | Roettger Wilhelm | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines teilplissierten First- oder Gratbelüftungselements |
EP1201845A2 (de) | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-02 | Peter Wirz | Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First-und/oder Gratabdeckung |
EP1201845A3 (de) * | 2000-10-27 | 2003-02-12 | Peter Wirz | Streifenförmige Materialbahn für eine First-und/oder Gratabdeckung |
CN103276856A (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-04 | 广西南南铝箔有限责任公司 | 用于屋顶的铝裙的生产工艺及设备 |
CN103276856B (zh) * | 2013-04-28 | 2015-09-16 | 广西南南铝箔有限责任公司 | 用于屋顶的铝裙的生产工艺及设备 |
WO2019057997A1 (de) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Sika Technology Ag | Abdichtungselement und verfahren zur herstellung eines abdichtungselements |
DE102017122097A1 (de) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Faist Chemtec Gmbh | Abdichtungselement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abdichtungselements |
US11655630B2 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2023-05-23 | Sika Technology Ag | Sealing element and method for producing a sealing element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE249559T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
DE19810434C1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
EP0942109B1 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
DE59906913D1 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
DE29903327U1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
EP0942109A3 (de) | 2000-02-23 |
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