EP0920548B1 - Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation - Google Patents

Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0920548B1
EP0920548B1 EP97940587A EP97940587A EP0920548B1 EP 0920548 B1 EP0920548 B1 EP 0920548B1 EP 97940587 A EP97940587 A EP 97940587A EP 97940587 A EP97940587 A EP 97940587A EP 0920548 B1 EP0920548 B1 EP 0920548B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
fiber
lyocell
cellulose
lyocell fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97940587A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0920548A1 (en
Inventor
Menkui Luo
Vincent A. Roscelli
Amar N. Neogi
Richard A. Jewell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Weyerhaeuser Co
Original Assignee
Weyerhaeuser Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weyerhaeuser Co filed Critical Weyerhaeuser Co
Publication of EP0920548A1 publication Critical patent/EP0920548A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0920548B1 publication Critical patent/EP0920548B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/14—Stretch-spinning methods with flowing liquid or gaseous stretching media, e.g. solution-blowing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/013—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/018—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the shape
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to lyocell fibers having novel characteristics and to the method for their preparation. It is also directed to yarns produced from the fibers, and to woven and nonwoven fabrics containing the fibers.
  • the method involves first dissolving cellulose in an amine oxide to form a dope. Latent fibers are then produced either by extrusion of the dope through small apertures into an air stream which draws the latent filaments of cellulose solution or by centrifugally expelling the dope through small apertures. The fibers are then formed by regenerating the spun latent fibers in a liquid nonsolvent. Either process is amenable to the production of self bonded nonwoven fabrics.
  • Cellulose is also soluble in a solution of ammoniacal copper oxide. This property formed the basis for production of cuprammonium rayon.
  • the cellulose solution is forced through submerged spinnerets into a solution of 5% caustic soda or dilute sulfuric acid to form the fibers. After decoppering and washing the resulting fibers have great wet strength.
  • Cuprammonium rayon is available in fibers of very low deniers and is used almost exclusively in textiles.
  • N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide with about 12% water present proved to be a particularly useful solvent.
  • the cellulose was dissolved in the solvent under heated conditions, usually in the range of 90°C to 130°C, and extruded from a multiplicity of fine apertured spinnerets into air.
  • the filaments of cellulose dope are continuously mechanically drawn in air by a factor in the range of about three to ten times to cause molecular orientation. They are then led into a nonsolvent, usually water, to regenerate the cellulose.
  • Other regeneration solvents such as lower aliphatic alcohols, have also been suggested.
  • Lyocell is an accepted generic term for a fiber composed of cellulose precipitated from an organic solution in which no substitution of hydroxyl groups takes place and no chemical intermediates are formed.
  • One lyocell product produced by Courtaulds, Ltd. is presently commercially available as Tencel® fiber. These fibers are available in 0.9-2.7 denier weights and heavier. Denier is the weight in grams of 9000 meters of a fiber. Because of their fineness, yarns made from them produce fabrics having extremely pleasing hands.
  • lyocell fibers made presently are a function of their geometry. They are continuously formed and typically have quite uniform, generally circular or oval cross sections, lack crimp as spun, and have relatively smooth, glossy surfaces. This makes them less than ideal as staple fibers since it is difficult to achieve uniform separation in the carding process and can result in non-uniform blending and uneven yarn.
  • man made staple fibers are almost always crimped in a secondary process prior to being chopped to length. Examples of crimping can be seen in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,591,388 or 5,601,765 to Sellars et al. where the fiber tow is compressed in a stuffer box and heated with dry steam.
  • Kaneko et al. in U.S. Patent 3,833,438 teach preparation of self bonded cellulose nonwoven materials made by the cuprammonium rayon process. Self bonded lyocell nonwoven webs have not been described to the best of the present inventors' knowledge.
  • Low denier fibers from synthetic polymers have been produced by a number of extrusion processes. Three of these are relevant to the present invention. One is generally termed “melt blowing". The molten polymers are extruded through a series of small diameter orifices into an air stream flowing generally parallel to the extruded fibers. This draws or stretches the fibers as they cool. The stretching serves two purposes. It causes some degree of longitudinal molecular orientation and reduces the ultimate fiber diameter. A somewhat similar process is called “spunbonding" where the fiber is extruded into a tube and stretched by an air flow through the tube caused by a vacuum at the distal end. In general, spunbonded fibers are continuous while melt blown fibers are more usually in discrete shorter lengths.
  • centrifugal spinning differs in that the molten polymer is expelled from apertures in the sidewalls of a rapidly spinning drum.
  • the fibers are drawn somewhat by air resistance as the drum rotates.
  • meltblowing there is not usually a strong air stream present as in meltblowing. All three processes may be used to make nonwoven fabric materials.
  • Exemplary patents to meltblowing are Weber et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,959,421, and Milligan et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,075,068.
  • the Weber et al. patent uses a water spray in the gas stream to rapidly cool the fibers.
  • Centrifugal spinning is exemplified in U.S. Patents Nos. 5,242,633 and 5,326,241 to Rook et al. Okada et al., in U.S. Patent No. 4,440,700 describe a centrifugal spinning process for thermoplastic materials. As the material is ejected the fibers are caught on an annular form surrounding the spinning head and moved downward by a curtain of flowing cooling liquid. Included among the list of polymers suited to the process are polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile. In the case of these two materials they are spun "wet"; i.e., in solution, and a "coagulation bath" is substituted for the curtain of cooling liquid.
  • Microdenier fibers generally are regarded as those having a denier of 1.0 or less.
  • Meltblown fibers produced from various synthetic polymers, such as polypropylene, nylons, or polyesters are available with diameters as low as 0.4 ⁇ m (approximately 0.001 denier).
  • the strength or "tenacity" of most of these fibers tends to be low and their generally poor water absorbency is a negative factor when they are used in fabrics for clothing.
  • Microdenier cellulose fibers, as low as 0.5 denier, have been produced before the present only by the viscose process.
  • the present process produces a new lyocell fiber that overcomes many of the limitations of the fibers produced from synthetic polymers, rayons, and the presently available lyocell fibers. It allows formation of fibers of low denier and with a distribution of deniers. At the same time each fiber has a pebbled surface, a cross section of varying shape and diameter along its length, and significant natural crimp. All of these are desirable characteristics that are found in most natural fibers but are missing in lyocell fibers produced commercially to the present.
  • the present invention is directed to a process for production of regenerated cellulose fibers and webs and to the fibers and webs so produced.
  • cellulose and "regenerated cellulose” as used here should be construed sufficiently broadly to encompass blends of cellulose with other natural and synthetic polymers, mutually soluble in a spinning solvent, in which cellulose is the principal component by weight.
  • cellulose is directed to low denier fibers produced from cellulose solutions in amine N-oxides by processes analogous to melt blowing or centrifugal spinning.
  • melt blowing spun blowing
  • spunbonding spunbonding
  • centrifugal spinning processes that are similar or analogous to the processes used for production of thermoplastic fibers, even though the cellulose is in solution and the spinning temperature is only moderately elevated.
  • continuous drawn refers to the present commercial process for manufacture of lyocell fibers where they are mechanically pulled, first through an air gap to cause elongation and molecular orientation then through the regeneration bath.
  • the processes involve dissolving a cellulosic raw material in an amine oxide, preferably N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) with some water present.
  • NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
  • This dope, or cellulose solution in NMMO can be made by known technology; e.g., as is discussed in any of the McCorsley or Franks et al. patents aforenoted.
  • the dope is then transferred at somewhat elevated temperature to the spinning apparatus by a pump or extruder at about 90°C to 130°C.
  • the dope is directed through a multiplicity of small orifices into air.
  • the extruded threads of cellulose dope are picked up by a turbulent gas stream flowing in a generally parallel direction to the path of the filaments.
  • the liquid strands or latent filaments are drawn (or significantly decreased in diameter and increased in length) during their continued trajectory after leaving the orifices.
  • the turbulence induces a natural crimp and some variability in ultimate fiber diameter both between fibers and along the length of individual fibers. This is in marked contrast to continuously drawn fibers where diameters are uniform and crimp is lacking or must be introduced as a post spinning process.
  • the crimp is irregular and will have a peak to peak amplitude greater than about one fiber diameter and a period greater than about five fiber diameters.
  • Spunbonding can be regarded as a species of meltblowing in that the fibers are picked up and drawn in an airstream without being mechanically pulled.
  • meltblowing and spunbonding should be regarded as functional equivalents.
  • the dope strands are expelled through small orifices into air and are drawn by the inertia imparted by the spinning head.
  • the filaments are then directed into a regenerating solution or a regenerating solution is sprayed onto the filaments.
  • Regenerating solutions are nonsolvents such as water, lower aliphatic alcohols, or mixtures of these.
  • the NMMO used as the solvent can then be recovered from the regenerating bath for reuse.
  • Turbulence and oscillation in the air around the latent fiber strands is believed to be responsible for their unique geometry when made either by the melt blowing or centrifugal spinning process.
  • Filaments having an average size as low as 0.1 denier or even less can be readily formed. Denier can be controlled by a number of factors including but not limited to orifice diameter, gas stream speed, spinning head speed, and dope viscosity. Dope viscosity is, in turn, largely a factor of cellulose D.P. and concentration. Fiber length can be similarly controlled by design and velocity of the air stream surrounding the extrusion orifices. Continuous fibers or relatively short staple fibers can be produced depending on spinning conditions. Equipment can be readily modified to form individual fibers or to lay them into a mat of nonwoven cellulosic fabric. In the latter case the mat may be formed and become self bonded prior to regeneration of the cellulose. The fibers are then recovered from the regenerating medium, further washed, bleached if necessary, dried, and handled conventionally from that point in the process.
  • Gloss or luster of the fibers is considerably lower than continuously drawn lyocell fiber lacking a delusterant so they do not have a "plastic" appearance. This is believed to be due to their unique "pebbled" surface apparent in high magnification micrographs.
  • the fibers can be formed with variable cross sectional shape and a relatively narrow distribution of fiber diameters. Some variation in diameter and cross sectional configuration will typically occur along the length of individual fibers and between fibers.
  • the fibers are unique for regenerated cellulose and similar in morphology to many natural fibers.
  • Crimp imparted by a stuffer box is relatively regular, has a relatively low amplitude usually less than one fiber diameter, and short peak-to-peak period normally not more than two or three fiber diameters. That of the present fibers has an irregular amplitude greater than one fiber diameter, usually much greater, and an irregular period exceeding about five fiber diameters, a characteristic of fibers having a curly or wavy appearance.
  • Fibers of the present invention are well matched for carding and spinning in conventional textile manufacturing processes.
  • the fibers while having many of the attributes of natural fibers, can be produced in microdenier diameters unavailable in nature. It is possible to directly produce self bonded webs or tightly wound multi-ply yarns.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is the ability to form blends of cellulose with what might otherwise be considered as incompatible polymeric materials.
  • the amine oxides are extremely powerful solvents and can dissolve many other polymers beside cellulose. It is thus possible to form blends of cellulose with materials such as lignin, nylons, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, poly(acrylonitrile), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(acrylic acid), starches, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyesters, polyketones, casein, cellulose acetate, amylose, amylopectins, cationic starches, and many others. Each of these materials in homogeneous blends with cellulose can produce fibers having new and unique properties.
  • cellulosic raw material used with the present invention is not critical. It may be bleached or unbleached wood pulp which can be made by various processes of which kraft, prehydrolyzed kraft, or sulfite would be exemplary. Many other cellulosic raw materials, such as purified cotton linters, are equally suitable. Prior to dissolving in the amine oxide solvent the cellulose, if sheeted, is normally shredded into a fine fluff to promote ready solution.
  • the solution of the cellulose can be made in a known manner; e.g., as taught in McCorsley U.S. Patent No. 4,246,221.
  • the cellulose is wet in a non-solvent mixture of about 40% NMMO and 60% water.
  • the ratio of cellulose to wet NMMO is about 1:5.1 by weight.
  • the mixture is mixed in a double arm sigma blade mixer for about 1.3 hours under vacuum at about 120°C until sufficient water has been distilled off to leave about 12-14% based on NMMO so that a cellulose solution is formed.
  • the resulting dope contains approximately 30% cellulose.
  • NMMO of appropriate water content may be used initially to obviate the need for the vacuum distillation.
  • FIG. 1 will show a block diagram of the present process.
  • preparation of the cellulose dopes in aqueous NMMO is conventional. What is not conventional is the way these dopes are spun.
  • the cellulose solution is forced from extrusion orifices into a turbulent air stream rather than directly into a regeneration bath as is the case with viscose or cuprammonium rayon. Only later are the latent filaments regenerated.
  • the present process also differs from the conventional processes for forming lyocell fibers since the dope is not continuously drawn linearly downward as unbroken threads through an air gap and into the regenerating bath.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrative of a centrifugal spinning process.
  • the heated cellulose dope 1 is directed into a heated generally hollow cylinder or drum 2 with a closed base and a multiplicity of small apertures 4 in the sidewalls 6.
  • dope is forced out horizontally through the apertures as thin strands 8.
  • These strands meet resistance from the surrounding air they are drawn or stretched by a large factor. The amount of stretch will depend on readily controllable factors such as cylinder rotational speed, orifice size, and dope viscosity.
  • the dope strands either fall by gravity or are gently forced downward by an air flow into a non-solvent 10 held in a basin 12 where they are coagulated into individual oriented fibers having lengths from about 1 to 25 cm.
  • the dope strands 8 can be either partially or completely regenerated by a water spray from a ring of spray nozzles 16 fed by a source of regenerating solution 18.
  • they can be formed into a nonwoven fabric prior to or during regeneration. Water is the preferred coagulating non-solvent although ethanol or water-ethanol mixtures are also useful. From this point the fibers are collected and may be washed to remove any residual NMMO, bleached as might be necessary, and dried.
  • Example 2 that will follow gives specific details of laboratory centrifugally spun fiber preparation.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show details of a typical melt blowing process.
  • a supply of dope is directed to an extruder 32 which forces the cellulose solution to an orifice head 34 having a multiplicity of orifices 36.
  • Air or another gas is supplied through lines 38 and surrounds and transports extruded solution strands 40.
  • a bath or tank 42 contains a regenerating solution 44 in which the strands are regenerated from solution in the solvent to cellulose fibers.
  • the latent fibers can be showered with a water spray to regenerate or partially regenerate them.
  • the amount of draw or stretch will depend on readily controllable factors such as orifice size, dope viscosity, cellulose concentration in the dope, and air speed and nozzle configuration.
  • FIG. 4 shows a typical extrusion orifice.
  • the orifice plate 20 is bored with a multiplicity of orifices 36. It is held to the body of the extrusion head 22 by a series of cap screws 18.
  • An internal member 24 forms the extrusion ports 26 for the cellulose solution. It is embraced by air passages 28 that surround the extruded solution filaments 40 causing them to be drawn and to assist in their transport to the regenerating medium.
  • Example 3 that follows will give specific details of laboratory scale fiber preparation by melt blowing.
  • FIGS. 5-6 The scanning electron micrographs shown in FIGS. 5-6 are of lyocell fibers made by the conventional continuously drawn process. It is noteworthy that these are of quite uniform diameter and are essentially straight. The surface seen at 10,000X magnification in FIG. 6 is remarkably smooth.
  • FIGS. 7-10 are of fibers made by a centrifugal spinning process of the present invention.
  • the fibers seen in FIG. 7 have a range of diameters and tend to be somewhat curly giving them a natural crimp. This natural crimp is quite unlike the regular sinuous configuration obtained in a stuffer box. Both amplitude and period are irregular and are at least several fiber diameters in height and length. Most of the fibers are somewhat flattened and some show a significant amount of twist. Fiber diameter varies between extremes of about 1.5 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m ( ⁇ 0.1 - 3.1 denier), with most of the fibers closely grouped around a 12 ⁇ m diameter average ( c . I denier).
  • FIG. 8 shows the fibers of FIG. 7 at 10,000x magnification.
  • the surface is uniformly pebbly in appearance, quite unlike the commercially available fibers. This results in lower gloss and improved spinning characteristics.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are scanning micrographs of fiber cross sections taken about 5 mm apart on a single centrifugally spun fiber. The variation in cross section and diameter along the fiber is dramatically shown. This variation is characteristic of both the centrifugally spun and melt blown fiber.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are low and high magnification scanning micrographs of melt blown fiber. Fiber diameter, while still variable, is less so than the centrifugally spun fiber. However, crimp of these samples is significantly greater.
  • the micrograph at 10,000X of FIG. 12 shows a pebbly surface remarkably like that of the centrifugally spun fiber.
  • the overall morphology of fibers from both processes is highly advantageous for forming fine tight yarns since many of the features resemble those of natural fibers. This is believed to be unique for the lyocell fibers of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 shows one method for making a self bonded lyocell nonwoven material using a modified melt blowing process.
  • a cellulose dope 50 is fed to extruder 52 and from there to the extrusion head 54.
  • An air supply 56 acts at the extrusion orifices to draw the dope strands 58 as they descend from the extrusion head.
  • Process parameters are preferably chosen so that the resulting fibers will be continuous rather than random shorter lengths.
  • the fibers fall onto an endless moving foraminous belt 60 supported and driven by rollers 62, 64. Here they form a latent nonwoven fabric mat 66.
  • a top roller may be used to press the fibers into tight contact and ensure bonding at the crossover points.
  • a spray of regenerating solution 68 is directed downward by sprayers 70.
  • the regenerated product 72 is then removed from the end of the belt where it may be further processed; e.g., by further washing, bleaching, and drying.
  • FIG 14 is an alternative process for forming a self bonded nonwoven web using centrifugal spinning.
  • a cellulose dope 80 is fed into a rapidly rotating drum 82 having a multiplicity of orifices 84 in the sidewalls.
  • Latent fibers 86 are expelled through orifices 84 and drawn, or lenghtened, by air resistance and the inertia imparted by the rotating drum. They impinge on the inner sidewalls of a receiver surface 88 concentrically located around the drum.
  • the receiver may optionally have a frustroconical lower portion 90.
  • a curtain or spray of regenerating solution 92 flows downward from ring 94 around the walls of receiver 88 to partially coagulate the cellulose mat impinged on the sidewalls of the receiver.
  • Ring 94 may be located as shown or moved to a lower position if more time is needed for the latent fibers to self bond into a nonwoven web.
  • the partially coagulated nonwoven web 96 is continuously mechanically pulled from the lower part 90 of the receiver into a coagulating bath 98 in container 100. As the web moves along its path it is collapsed from a cylindrical configuration into a planar two ply nonwoven structure. The web is held within the bath as it moves under rollers 102, 104 A takeout roller 106 removes the now fully coagulated two ply web 108 from the bath. Any or all of rollers 100, 102, or 104 may be driven. The web 108 is then continuously directed into a wash and/or bleaching operation, not shown, following which it is dried for storage. It may be split and opened into a single ply nonwoven or maintained as a two ply material as desired.
  • the cellulose pulp used in this and the following examples was a standard bleached kraft southern softwood market pulp, Grade NB 416, available from Weyerhaeuser Company, New Bern, North Carolina. It has an alpha cellulose content of about 88-89% and a D.P. of about 1200. Prior to use, the sheeted wood pulp was run through a fluffer to break it down into essentially individual fibers and small fiber clumps. Into a 250 mL three necked glass flask was charged 5.3 g of fluffed cellulose, 66.2 g of 97% NMMO, 24.5 g of 50% NMMO, and 0.05 g propyl gallate. The flask was immersed in an oil bath at 120°C, a stirrer inserted, and stirring continued for about 0.5 hr. A readily flowable dope resulted that was directly suitable for spinning.
  • the spinning device used was a modified "cotton candy" type, similar to that shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,447,423 to Fuisz et al.
  • the rotor, preheated to 120°C was 89 mm in diameter and revolved at 2800 rpm.
  • the number of orifices could be varied between 1 and 84 by blocking off orifices.
  • Eight orifices 700 ⁇ m in diameter were used for the following trial.
  • Cellulose dope, also at 120°C, was poured onto the center of the spinning rotor. The thin strands of dope that emerged were allowed to fall by gravity into room temperature water contained in the basin surrounding the rotor. Here they were regenerated. While occasional fibers would bond to each other most remained individualized and were several centimeters in length.
  • microdenier fibers were also successfully made from bleached and unbleached kraft pulps, sulfite pulp, microcrystalline cellulose, and blends of cellulose with up to 30% corn starch or poly(acrylic acid).
  • Diameter (or denier) of the fibers could be reliably controlled by several means. Higher dope viscosities tended to form heavier fibers. Dope viscosity could, in turn, be controlled by means including cellulose solids content or degree of polymerization of the cellulose. Smaller spinning orifice size or higher drum rotational speed produces smaller diameter fibers. Fibers having diameters from about 5-20 ⁇ m (0.2-3.1 denier) were reproducibly made. Heavier fibers in the 20-50 ⁇ m diameter range (3.1-19.5 denier) could also be easily formed. Fiber length varies between about 0.5-25 cm and depended considerably on the geometry and operational parameters of the system.
  • the dope as prepared in Example I was maintained at 120°C and fed to an apparatus originally developed for forming melt blown synthetic polymers.
  • Overall orifice length was about 50 mm with a diameter of 635 ⁇ m which tapered to 400 ⁇ m at the discharge end.
  • Regenerated fiber length varied. Some short fibers were formed but most were several centimeters to tens of centimeters in length. Variation of extrusion parameters enabled continuous fibers to be formed. Quite surprisingly, the cross section of many of the fibers was not uniform along the fiber length. This feature is expected to be especially advantageous in spinning tight yarns using the microdenier material of the invention since the fibers more closely resemble natural fibers in overall morphology.
  • the fibers were allowed to impinge on a traveling stainless steel mesh belt before they were directed into the regeneration bath. A well bonded nonwoven mat was formed.
  • the lyocell nonwoven fabrics need not be self bonded. They may be only partially self bonded or not self bonded at all. In these cases they may be bonded by any of the well known methods including but not limited to hydroentangling, the use of adhesive binders such as starch or various polymer emulsions or some combination of these methods.
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was repeated using a microcrystalline furnish rather than wood pulp in order to increase solids content of the dope.
  • the product used was Avicel® Type PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose available from FMC Corp., Newark, Delaware. Dopes were made using 15 g and 28.5 g of the microcrystalline cellulose (dry weight) with 66.2 g of 97% NMMO, 24.5 g of 50% NMMO and 0.05g propyl gallate. The procedure was otherwise as described in Example 1. The resulting dopes contained respectively about 14% and 24% cellulose. These were meltblown as described in Example 3. The resulting fiber was morphologically essentially identical to that of Examples 2 and 3.
  • fiber denier is dependent on many controllable factors. Among these are solution solids content, solution pressure and temperature at the extruder head, orifice diameter, air pressure, and other variables well known to those skilled in meltblowing and centrifugal spinning technology. Lyocell fibers having an average 0.5 denier or even lower may be consistently produced by either the melt blowing or centrifugal spinning processes. A 0.5 denier fiber corresponds to an average diameter (estimated on the basis of equivalent circular cross sectional area) of about 7-8 ⁇ m.
  • the fibers of the present invention were studied by x-ray analysis to determine degree of crystallinity and crystallite type. Comparisons were also made with some other cellulosic fibers as shown in the following table. Data for the microdenier fibers are taken from the centrifugally spun material of Example 2. Crystalline Properties of Different Cellulose Fibers Fibers Microdenier Cellulose of Present Invention Generic Lyocell Tencel® Cotton Crystallinity Index 67% 65% 70% 85% Crystallite Cellulose II Cellulose II Cellulose II Cellulose I
  • the centrufugally spun lyocell with an average diameter of about 5 ⁇ m corresponds to fibers of about 0.25 denier.
  • the pebbled surface of the fibers of the present invention result in a desirable lower gloss without the need for any internal delustering agents. While gloss or luster is a difficult property to measure the following test will be exemplary of the differences between a fiber sample made by the method of Example 2 and a commercial lyocell fiber. Small wet formed handsheets were made from the respective fibers and light reflectance was determined. Reflectance of the Example 2 material was 5.4% while that of the commercial fiber was 16.9%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
EP97940587A 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation Expired - Lifetime EP0920548B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2446296P 1996-08-23 1996-08-23
US2390996P 1996-08-23 1996-08-23
US23909P 1996-08-23
US24462P 1996-08-23
PCT/US1997/014762 WO1998007911A1 (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0920548A1 EP0920548A1 (en) 1999-06-09
EP0920548B1 true EP0920548B1 (en) 2002-10-02

Family

ID=26697781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97940587A Expired - Lifetime EP0920548B1 (en) 1996-08-23 1997-08-22 Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0920548B1 (ko)
JP (2) JP4018152B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100471549B1 (ko)
CN (5) CN1230579C (ko)
AT (1) ATE225418T1 (ko)
BR (1) BR9711352A (ko)
CA (3) CA2641972C (ko)
DE (1) DE69716092T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2185045T3 (ko)
HK (1) HK1023377A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO1998007911A1 (ko)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005029793A1 (de) * 2005-06-27 2006-12-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vliesstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung
DE102008018746A1 (de) 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Cellulosecarbamat-Spinnlösung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoffes, Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoff sowie Verwendungszwecke
US8454884B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2013-06-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Method of producing cellulose carbamate blown film and use of the same
WO2014195418A1 (de) 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyacryl-basierten vliesstoffes sowie polyacryl-basierte vliesstoffe

Families Citing this family (77)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6331354B1 (en) * 1996-08-23 2001-12-18 Weyerhaeuser Company Alkaline pulp having low average degree of polymerization values and method of producing the same
US6210801B1 (en) * 1996-08-23 2001-04-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Lyocell fibers, and compositions for making same
US6221487B1 (en) * 1996-08-23 2001-04-24 The Weyerhauser Company Lyocell fibers having enhanced CV properties
GB9625634D0 (en) 1996-12-10 1997-01-29 Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd Method of manufacture of nonwoven fabric
AT405532B (de) * 1997-06-17 1999-09-27 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Cellulosische mikrofaser
AT405531B (de) 1997-06-17 1999-09-27 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren zur herstellung cellulosischer fasern
GB2337957A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-08 Courtaulds Fibres Method of manufacture of a nonwoven fabric
AT406386B (de) 1998-07-28 2000-04-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung cellulosischer formkörper
US6686040B2 (en) * 1999-02-24 2004-02-03 Weyerhaeuser Company Use of thinnings and other low specific gravity wood for lyocell products
DE10007794A1 (de) 2000-02-21 2001-06-28 Zimmer Ag Polymerzusammensetzung und daraus hergestellter Formkörper
JP4627342B2 (ja) * 2000-03-01 2011-02-09 旭化成せんい株式会社 異型断面再生セルロース繊維
CA2405091C (en) * 2000-04-21 2009-06-30 Weyerhaeuser Company Meltblown process with mechanical attenuation
DE10065859B4 (de) 2000-12-22 2006-08-24 Gerking, Lüder, Dr.-Ing. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von im Wesentlichen endlosen feinen Fäden
CA2438445C (en) * 2002-12-26 2006-11-28 Hyosung Corporation Lyocell multi-filament for tire cord and method of producing the same
US7097737B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2006-08-29 Weyerhaeuser Company Method of making a modified unbleached pulp for lyocell products
US6790527B1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-09-14 Weyerhaeuser Company Lyocell fiber from unbleached pulp
US6833187B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-12-21 Weyerhaeuser Company Unbleached pulp for lyocell products
AT501327B1 (de) * 2003-07-21 2007-01-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verwendung einer cellulosischen stapelfaser der gattung lyocell
AU2004303889A1 (en) 2003-12-18 2005-07-07 Procter & Gamble Company Rotary spinning processes for forming hydroxyl polymer-containing fibers
DE102004007617B4 (de) * 2004-02-17 2007-02-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes, Vliesstoff und dessen Verwendung
DE102006012052A1 (de) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Lüder GERKING Spinnvorrichtung zur Erzeugung feiner Fäden durch Spleißen
AT503625B1 (de) * 2006-04-28 2013-10-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Wasserstrahlverfestigtes produkt enthaltend cellulosische fasern
TW200848561A (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-12-16 Body Organ Biomedical Corp Device for manufacturing fibrils
US20080241536A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2008-10-02 Weyerhaeuser Co. Method for processing cellulose in ionic liquids and fibers therefrom
AT505621B1 (de) * 2007-11-07 2009-03-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Vefahren zur herstellung eines wasserstrahlverfestigten produktes enthaltend cellulosische fasern
US8911833B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2014-12-16 Xyleco, Inc. Textiles and methods and systems for producing textiles
KR101025284B1 (ko) 2008-12-24 2011-03-29 한국원자력연구원 원심식 섬유 방사기
KR101260706B1 (ko) 2010-10-21 2013-05-10 중앙대학교 산학협력단 셀룰로오스 마이크로 파이버 및 이의 제조방법
CN101967692B (zh) * 2010-10-26 2012-10-24 四川立能特种材料股份公司 一种纤维的生产方法
CN101967693B (zh) * 2010-10-26 2012-10-24 四川立能特种材料股份公司 一种纤维
US9027765B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2015-05-12 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Filter media with fibrillated fibers
CN102121173B (zh) * 2011-02-22 2012-05-30 天津工业大学 一种超细纤维非织造布吸音隔热材料的制备方法
CN102071542B (zh) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-29 天津工业大学 一种聚合物纳微纤维非织造布的制备方法
CN102560902A (zh) * 2012-01-12 2012-07-11 天津工业大学 一种粘胶纤维素纺丝成网非织造布的制造方法
BR112014028353B1 (pt) * 2012-05-14 2020-12-01 Metsä Spring Oy método de separação de hemicelulose e celulose a partir de fontes de polissacarídeo
US9352267B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2016-05-31 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Absorbent and/or adsorptive filter media
US9511330B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2016-12-06 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Fibrillated fibers for liquid filtration media
US8882876B2 (en) 2012-06-20 2014-11-11 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Fiber webs including synthetic fibers
US10137392B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2018-11-27 Hollingsworth & Vose Company Fiber webs coated with fiber-containing resins
KR101455002B1 (ko) 2013-06-28 2014-11-03 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법
AT515152B1 (de) * 2013-11-26 2015-12-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren zum Vorbehandeln von rückgewonnenen Baumwollfasern zur Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Formkörpern aus regenerierter Cellulose
KR102205529B1 (ko) * 2014-03-31 2021-01-20 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 라이오셀 섬유
KR102211219B1 (ko) 2014-06-30 2021-02-03 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 담배필터용 이형단면 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법
KR102157887B1 (ko) * 2014-09-30 2020-09-18 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 라이오셀 크림프 섬유
KR102211186B1 (ko) 2014-12-31 2021-02-03 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 담배필터용 라이오셀 소재 및 그 제조방법
CN104711706B (zh) * 2015-03-17 2016-10-05 中国纺织科学研究院 Lyocell纤维纺丝原液废料的回收装置和回收方法
EP3144376A1 (en) 2015-09-16 2017-03-22 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Use of a lyocell fibre
KR20170079531A (ko) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-10 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 라이오셀 섬유 및 이의 제조방법
CN109843932A (zh) * 2016-03-31 2019-06-04 凯米罗总公司 制备半纤维素组合物的方法
AT519489B1 (de) 2016-10-21 2021-11-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Vliesen auf Cellulosebasis, die direkt aus Lyocell-Spinnlösung gebildet werden
EP3385432A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with extremely low heavy metal content
EP3385435A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with different sets of pores
EP3385427A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber diameter distribution
EP3385428A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fibers having non-circular cross section
WO2018184051A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Lenzing Ag A nonwoven material designed for use in absorbent core structures with intrinsic acquistion/distribution capabilities
EP3385430A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Optically transparent wet nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric
EP3385434A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with merged fibers
EP3385426A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased water holding capability and low basis weight
WO2018184045A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Lenzing Ag A nonwoven web designed for use as a hot cooking oil filter media
WO2018184046A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Lenzing Ag A nonwoven material designed for use as filter media
EP3385425A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased oil absorbing capability
EP3385431A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with homogeneously merged fibers
EP3385433A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with tailored liquid wicking capability
EP3385429A1 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber connected radiation diffusing particles
WO2019097518A1 (en) * 2017-11-15 2019-05-23 Algalife Ltd. Fibers comprising cultivated microalgae, method for manufacturing the same, and yarns, fabrics and garments comprising such fiber
CN110832123A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2020-02-21 普莱玛有限公司 利用中空微胶囊降低密度的合成纤维
EP3868929A1 (de) * 2018-01-15 2021-08-25 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Formkörper der in cellulose inkorporiertes elastan aufweist und herstellungsverfahren
TWI814782B (zh) * 2018-03-06 2023-09-11 奧地利商蘭仁股份有限公司 溶劑紡絲之纖維素纖維
ES2964861T3 (es) * 2018-07-31 2024-04-09 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Tela no tejida, uso de la tela no tejida y toallita de limpieza, toallita para secar y mascarilla que contiene la tela no tejida
EP3674455A1 (en) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-01 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Process for liquid removal from cellulose filaments yarns or fibers
CN110295404B (zh) * 2019-05-22 2021-08-10 武汉纺织大学 一种平面接收式离心纺自动生产设备及方法
TWI797595B (zh) * 2021-04-22 2023-04-01 台灣百和工業股份有限公司 自黏纖維結構以及自黏織物結構
CN113215671A (zh) * 2021-04-26 2021-08-06 常州万容新材料科技有限公司 一种ptfe离心成型超细纤维装置
CN114481352A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-13 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 一种离心纺丝气凝胶纤维、其制备方法及应用
WO2024162782A1 (ko) * 2023-02-03 2024-08-08 주식회사 케이티앤지 라이오셀 토우를 포함하는 흡연 물품용 필터, 및 이를 포함하는 흡연 물품
WO2024162781A1 (ko) * 2023-02-03 2024-08-08 주식회사 케이티앤지 라이오셀 토우를 포함하는 흡연 물품용 필터, 및 이를 포함하는 흡연 물품
WO2024162783A1 (ko) * 2023-02-03 2024-08-08 주식회사 케이티앤지 라이오셀 토우를 포함하는 흡연 물품용 필터, 및 이를 포함하는 흡연 물품

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2144099C1 (ru) * 1995-03-03 2000-01-10 Акцо Нобель Н.В. Способ прядения волокон или филаментов (варианты), волокна и филаменты (варианты), волокнистая масса
FR2735794B1 (fr) * 1995-06-26 1997-09-19 Elysees Balzac Financiere Procede de preparation d'un melange de fibres et de microfibres cellulosiques
ES2140207T3 (es) * 1996-02-14 2000-02-16 Akzo Nobel Nv Procedimiento para preparar fibras y filamentos de celulosa.

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005029793A1 (de) * 2005-06-27 2006-12-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vliesstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung
WO2007000319A1 (de) 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewanddten Forschung E.V. Vliesstoffe, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie deren verwendung
DE102005029793B4 (de) * 2005-06-27 2007-04-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vliesstoffe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung
DE102008018746A1 (de) 2008-04-14 2009-10-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Cellulosecarbamat-Spinnlösung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoffes, Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoff sowie Verwendungszwecke
EP2110467A1 (de) 2008-04-14 2009-10-21 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Cellulosecarbamat-Spinnlösung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoffes, Cellulosecarbamat-Vliesstoff sowie Verwendungszwecke
US8263507B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2012-09-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung, E.V. Cellulose carbamate spinning solution, method for producing a cellulose carbamate nonwoven, and use of the same
US8454884B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2013-06-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Method of producing cellulose carbamate blown film and use of the same
WO2014195418A1 (de) 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyacryl-basierten vliesstoffes sowie polyacryl-basierte vliesstoffe
DE102013210432A1 (de) 2013-06-05 2014-12-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polyacryl-basierten Vliesstoffes sowie Polyacryl-basierte Vliesstoffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE225418T1 (de) 2002-10-15
CA2641972A1 (en) 1998-02-26
CN1081684C (zh) 2002-03-27
CA2641972C (en) 2012-11-13
JP4018152B2 (ja) 2007-12-05
EP0920548A1 (en) 1999-06-09
BR9711352A (pt) 2000-01-18
CN1348023A (zh) 2002-05-08
ES2185045T3 (es) 2003-04-16
CN1230579C (zh) 2005-12-07
CA2641970A1 (en) 1998-02-26
CN1238015A (zh) 1999-12-08
CN1356414A (zh) 2002-07-03
CN1356412A (zh) 2002-07-03
JP2001501260A (ja) 2001-01-30
CA2264180A1 (en) 1998-02-26
JP4134209B2 (ja) 2008-08-20
CA2264180C (en) 2009-09-01
HK1023377A1 (en) 2000-09-08
DE69716092T2 (de) 2003-01-30
CN1356413A (zh) 2002-07-03
KR100471549B1 (ko) 2005-03-07
WO1998007911A1 (en) 1998-02-26
DE69716092D1 (de) 2002-11-07
KR20000068304A (ko) 2000-11-25
JP2007046223A (ja) 2007-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0920548B1 (en) Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation
US6235392B1 (en) Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation
CA2406550C (en) Lyocell fibers having enhanced cv properties
US6306334B1 (en) Process for melt blowing continuous lyocell fibers
US6833187B2 (en) Unbleached pulp for lyocell products
US20040207110A1 (en) Shaped article from unbleached pulp and the process
US6790527B1 (en) Lyocell fiber from unbleached pulp
US7097737B2 (en) Method of making a modified unbleached pulp for lyocell products
Roscelli et al. Luo et al.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19990312

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: JEWELL, RICHARD, A.

Inventor name: NEOGI, AMAR, N.

Inventor name: ROSCELLI, VINCENT, A.

Inventor name: LUO, MENKUI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20000126

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20021002

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 225418

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 20021015

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69716092

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20021107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030102

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030102

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030102

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2185045

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030822

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030822

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030822

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030831

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20030703

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20130902

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20130726

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20130725

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20130819

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20140711

Year of fee payment: 18

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69716092

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20140822

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140822

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69716092

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20150303

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20150430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140822

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150303

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20160926

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150823