EP0920072B1 - Antenne à commande électronique de phase pour terminal de télécommunications par satellite - Google Patents

Antenne à commande électronique de phase pour terminal de télécommunications par satellite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0920072B1
EP0920072B1 EP98122051A EP98122051A EP0920072B1 EP 0920072 B1 EP0920072 B1 EP 0920072B1 EP 98122051 A EP98122051 A EP 98122051A EP 98122051 A EP98122051 A EP 98122051A EP 0920072 B1 EP0920072 B1 EP 0920072B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
satellite
electronically
main lobe
receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98122051A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0920072A3 (fr
EP0920072A2 (fr
Inventor
Hermann Dr. Bischl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Publication of EP0920072A2 publication Critical patent/EP0920072A2/fr
Publication of EP0920072A3 publication Critical patent/EP0920072A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0920072B1 publication Critical patent/EP0920072B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a in a satellite radio terminal intended for systems with non-geostationary satellites, electronically phased array (Phased Array Antenna) with the ability to rapidly swap the main lobe direction from one satellite to another satellite when changing satellites.
  • electronically phased array Phased Array Antenna
  • Broadband satellite systems with low-flying satellites often need satellite radio terminals on the ground intelligent antennas, the main lobe of which the satellite constantly is updated and also at intervals of some Minutes very quickly from one satellite to the next Must change satellites.
  • a typical configuration which also presents itself for cost reasons, consists of a satellite radio terminal with a main transmission lobe and two main reception clubs. The Main transmission lobe and one of the two main receiving lobes be aligned with the current satellite while the second receiving main lobe for searching the current satellite subsequent satellites are required.
  • From US-A-5227806 is a linear, electronic phased antenna known on a mechanically driven Swivel device is arranged and its antenna characteristics is a fan beam that is only in one plane is electronically pivotable.
  • the pan level of the electronically controllable fan beam is always perpendicular to the earth's surface, so that the antenna is positioned only in exceptional cases can be that the swivel plane of the electronically controllable Main lobe of the antenna contains two satellites.
  • a similarly constructed and known from WO-A1-9715092 electronically phase-controlled antenna arrangement is suitable not for electronically swinging the main lobe between two any satellite.
  • the electronic swivel range of the antenna is severely limited, since only a barely noticeable one Swiveling by a few degrees is provided.
  • the main club essentially always remains focused on the satellite.
  • the antenna is also not continuous Swing; but only for switching with a fixed set Angles set up.
  • the main lobe designed as a fan beam is essentially always aimed at the satellite, so that communication always possible with the satellite. It becomes solid set swivel angles, i.e. a switch to one or several directions, which means that the Main lobe electronically only in fixed, only slightly different directions aligned can be.
  • the electronic switching of the main lobe direction is only a small change in this antenna arrangement of the reception level, how they are used to calculate a Correction signal for the mechanical compensation of the ship or vehicle movements is required.
  • the invention has for its object an advantageous Specify measure that ensures that the by the electronically phased array antenna in a satellite radio terminal for systems with non-geostationary Satellite caused great technical and thus cost expenditure is also significantly reduced.
  • this Task solved in that the electronically phase controlled Antenna a linear (one-dimensional) trained Antenna is whose main lobe is electronic only in one plane is pivotable that the electronically phase controlled Architectural antenna on a mechanically driven Swivel device is arranged, the pivoting of the Swivel plane of the phase-controlled antenna in any spatial Layers allowed, and that the electronically phased Antenna by means of the mechanically driven swivel device is positioned so that the swivel plane of the electronically controllable main lobe of the electronically phase-controlled Antenna both the two satellites mentioned also contains the terminal.
  • the number of those required therefore comes in one active antenna elements minimizing a electronically phased antenna for use that is not pivoted in all directions, but only in one plane can be.
  • Such an antenna is called linear or one-dimensional electronically phased antenna designated.
  • the use of such a linear antenna leads to a drastic reduction in the number of required active antenna elements and thus the terminal costs.
  • the one-dimensional electronically phase-controlled Antenna through the mechanically driven Swivel device always positioned so that the current Satellite and the following satellite in the electronic Swivel plane of the electronically phase-controlled antenna lie.
  • This hybrid solution according to the invention i.e. the combination from a one-dimensional electronically phase controlled Group antenna with a mechanical swivel device allowed both the required quick switching to the next one Satellites as well as panning into any Direction and is also cheaper than the solution with a two-dimensional electronically phase controlled Array antenna.
  • the cost advantage here is that a linear electronically phase controlled antenna only n active antenna elements needed, whereas a square two-dimensional electronically phase controlled group antenna n x n active would require antenna elements.
  • the cost of a phased array antenna depends significantly on the number of active antenna elements used from. So there is a significant cost difference between the one-dimensional and the square, rectangular or even round two-dimensional electronically phased array antenna.
  • Main lobe width is the required alignment accuracy very high; it is usually 0.5 ° or less. Since the Position of the satellite and the terminal is not sufficient Accuracy is known is an acquisition of the second satellite only by searching the suspected Area possible. So that during the search the communication link this search must not be interrupted done with a second main lobe, the first main lobe remains focused on the first satellite.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the principle according to the invention is characterized in that the electronically phase-controlled Antenna is divided in two and from a linear trained Transmitting antenna with an electronically swiveling Main lobe and from a linear receiving antenna with two electronically swiveling independently of each other Main clubs exist.
  • both the transmitting antenna also the receiving antenna on the same mechanically driven Swivel device arranged, in such a way that the levels for the electronic pivoting of the main lobe of the Transmitting antenna and the two main lobes of the receiving antenna are essentially parallel to each other and each both mentioned satellites included.
  • the use of exactly two electronically controllable main lobes is particularly advantageous because when linking an electronic according to the invention and mechanical pivoting a communication link is maintained uninterrupted over periods, which are longer than the visibility period of low flying Is satellite.
  • the principle of the invention is alternately followed by a main lobe the first, current satellite, with the other Main lobe is already aligned on the next satellite. After switching to this next satellite it will immediately with the alignment of the released main lobe on the then subsequent satellites started.
  • the linear transmission antenna and the linear one Receiving antenna can be conveniently on a platform of the mechanically driven swivel device Arrange in parallel next to each other. With the corresponding this training carried out hybrid swivel Antenna reduce terminal costs significantly. Instead of an electronically phase-controlled antenna with, for example 10 x 10 active antenna elements will only be one one-dimensional phased array antenna with, for example approx. 10 active antenna elements are required. Because of the arrangement the transmitting and receiving antennas on the same mechanically driven swivel device is made accordingly this embodiment of the invention an additional cost saving reached.
  • An expedient development of the last-mentioned embodiment with two linear electronic phase controlled Antennas consists in the use of control software for mechanical and electronic pivoting of the main lobes the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in such a way that while one of the main receiving lobes is aligned and the main transmission lobe on the current satellites any one Swiveling of the other main receiving lobe possible is.
  • the other main receiving lobe is advantageous after one Search in the direction of the current satellite following satellites.
  • the main transmission lobe is therefore purely electronic Swivel in the shortest possible time on the following satellites aligned, its direction with respect to the terminal based on the search and correct alignment of the others Main lobe was previously determined.
  • phased antenna and the phased Receiving antenna also through a single phase controlled Transmit / receive antenna to be replaced.
  • phase controlled Transmit / receive antenna can be replaced.
  • Different versions of the linear electronic phase-controlled Antennas conceivable.
  • the electronically phased antenna according to the invention is advantageous for both fixed and mobile Satellite radio terminals can be used.
  • the mobile Terminals do not require any additional hardware antenna tracking for the purpose of compensating for terminal movement required if tracking method for antenna tracking be used.
  • the invention is based on an oblique view lying principle of a combination of a mechanical driven swivel device 1 with a linear electronic phased antenna 2 shown, the Main lobe can only be electronically pivoted in one swivel plane 3 is.
  • This combination is said to be in a satellite radio terminal used for systems with non-geostationary satellites can be.
  • the orientation of the swivel plane 3 in Space is provided by the mechanically driven swivel device 1.
  • the linear, electronically phase-controlled antenna 2 is always by means of the mechanically driven swivel device 1 positioned so that the current satellite and the subsequent one Satellite in the swivel plane 3 of the main lobe of the are electronically phase-controlled antenna 2, which makes Fast electronic switching from the current to the next one Satellites and panning in any direction is made possible.
  • the direction to the current satellite is with the reference numeral 4 and the direction to the next Satellite with the reference number 5.
  • the mechanically driven swivel device 1 allows one total swiveling of the swivel plane of the phase-controlled antenna 2 in any spatial position.
  • the mechanically through Joints and rotating devices realizable swivel movements the swivel device 1 are by double arrows 6, 7 and 8 indicated, the double arrow 6 a rotation in the azimuth, the double arrow 7 pivots about a horizontal axis 9 and the double arrow 8 a rotation of the linear electronically phase-controlled antenna 2 containing platform level 10 by one defined by its pivoting about the horizontal axis Mean axis.
  • the double arrow shown in broken lines 11 symbolizes the purely electronic pivoting of the main lobe the phased antenna 2 within it Pan level 3.
  • the main lobe of the antenna only moves within it Swivel level 3 and that is purely electronically controlled, which is very can be done quickly.
  • Figure 2 is also special in an oblique view advantageous, for use in a satellite radio terminal for systems with non-geostationary satellites envisaged design combination of a mechanically driven Swivel device 12 with a two linear electronic phased antennas 13 and 14 containing together Antenna platform 15 shown.
  • a mechanically driven Swivel device 12 with a two linear electronic phased antennas 13 and 14 containing together Antenna platform 15 shown.
  • Regarding the Construction and function are the same as the mechanically driven ones Swivel device 12 of the swivel device 1 according to Fig.1, so that there is no detailed description in this regard is.
  • the one-dimensional phase-controlled antenna 13 serves as Transmitting antenna and the one-dimensional phase-controlled Antenna 14 as a receiving antenna. Both the transmitting antenna 13 and the receiving antenna 14 are thus on top the same mechanically driven swivel device 12 appropriate.
  • the realized by a one-dimensional phase controlled antenna Receiving antenna 11 is the same as that through realized a one-dimensional phase-controlled antenna Transmitting antenna 13 only in one level electronically pivoted.
  • the receiving antenna 14 has in Contrary to the transmitting antenna 13, which is only one electronically swiveling main lobe forms two electronically swiveling Main antenna lobes that can be swiveled independently of one another are.
  • the direction to the current satellite is for the main antenna lobe the transmitting antenna 13 with the reference numeral 16 and for the first receiving lobe of the receiving antenna 14 with the Reference numeral 17 denotes, whereas the direction of the second Reception lobe of the receiving antenna 14 to the subsequent satellite is identified by reference numeral 18.
  • 3a to 3h each are shown schematically Terminal 19 indicated by a small square and satellites 20 to 22 identified by small circles.
  • the satellite 20 is in the description below the first current satellite, satellite 21 the second the Satellite 20 subsequent satellite and satellite 23 a third satellite following the second satellite 21.
  • the reference numeral 17 the first by a strongly drawn Dashed reception lobe of the in Fig.3a to 3h linear, electronically phase-controlled, not shown Receiving antenna referred to while with the reference numeral 18 the second reception lobe shown in dashed lines the receiving antenna 14 is designated. It is also gray dotted surfaces the swivel plane 3 'of the electronically pivoted receiving lobes 17 and 18 marked. Finally, the arrows are the satellite orbits of the respective Satellite 20 to 22 indicated. The circular area each represents the horizon 23 of the terminal 19.
  • 3a and 3b are the tracking of the two satellites 20 and 21, where the current connection between the terminal 19 and the satellite 20 via the first main lobe 17 is performed.
  • this is unnoticed Passing on the communication link, the so-called Played "seamless handover"; this means in Fig.3c there is still a connection between Terminal 19 and the satellite 20 via the second receiving lobe 18; the actual Connection is now via the first receiving lobe 17 with the second satellite 21, which is the first satellite 20 followed.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Antenne à commande électronique de phase (Phased Array Antenne) prévue dans un terminal de radiocommunication par satellite pour des systèmes à satellites non géostationnaires, avec la faculté d'une rotation rapide de la direction du lobe principal d'un satellite à un autre satellite lors d'un changement de satellite, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne à commande électronique de phase (2) est formée d'une antenne linéaire (unidimensionnelle) dont le lobe principal n'est donc pivotable électroniquement que dans un plan (3), en ce que l'antenne à commande électronique de phase est disposée par construction sur un dispositif de pivotement (1) entraíné mécaniquement, qui permet un pivotement du plan de pivotement de l'antenne à commande de phase dans des positions spatiales quelconques, et que l'antenne à commande électronique de phase est positionnée par le dispositif de pivotement entraíné mécaniquement de telle sorte que le plan de pivotement (3) du lobe principal commandé électroniquement de l'antenne à commande électronique de phase contient aussi bien les deux satellites susmentionnés que le terminal.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne à commande électronique de phase est en deux parties et consiste en une antenne émettrice conformée linéairement (13) avec un lobe principal pivotable électroniquement et en une antenne réceptrice conformée linéairement (14) avec deux lobes principaux pivotables électroniquement indépendamment l'un de l'autre, et en ce qu'aussi bien l'antenne émettrice que l'antenne réceptrice sont disposées sur le même dispositif de pivotement (12) entraíné mécaniquement, et ce, de telle façon que le plan du pivotement électronique du lobe principal de l'antenne émettrice et le plan du pivotement des deux lobes principaux de l'antenne réceptrice soient essentiellement parallèles l'un à l'autre et contiennent chacun les deux satellites susnommés.
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne émettrice conformée linéairement (13) et l'antenne réceptrice conformée linéairement (14) sont disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre sur une plate-forme d'antenne (15) sur le dispositif de pivotement (12) entraíné mécaniquement.
  4. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisée par l'utilisation d'un logiciel de commande pour le pivotement mécanique et électronique des lobes principaux de l'antenne émettrice (13) et de l'antenne réceptrice (14) de telle sorte que, pendant le temps que l'un des lobes principaux de réception et le lobe principal d'émission sont orientés sur le satellite momentanément visé, un pivotement quelconque de l'autre lobe de réception principal est possible.
  5. Antenne selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'autre lobe de réception principal est dirigé sur un satellite qui suit le satellite momentanément visé.
  6. Antenne selon les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisée en ce que, lors d'un changement de satellite, le lobe d'émission principal est orienté par rotation purement électronique sur le satellite suivant, dont la direction par rapport au terminal est déterminée d'après l'orientation de l'autre lobe de réception principal.
  7. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par l'utilisation avec des terminaux mobiles de radiocommunication par satellite.
EP98122051A 1997-11-25 1998-11-20 Antenne à commande électronique de phase pour terminal de télécommunications par satellite Expired - Lifetime EP0920072B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752160A DE19752160A1 (de) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 In einem Satellitenfunk-Terminal für Systeme mit nichtgeostationären Satelliten vorgesehene, elektronisch phasengesteuerte Antenne (Phased Array Antenne)
DE19752160 1997-11-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0920072A2 EP0920072A2 (fr) 1999-06-02
EP0920072A3 EP0920072A3 (fr) 1999-11-24
EP0920072B1 true EP0920072B1 (fr) 2002-09-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98122051A Expired - Lifetime EP0920072B1 (fr) 1997-11-25 1998-11-20 Antenne à commande électronique de phase pour terminal de télécommunications par satellite

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EP (1) EP0920072B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19752160A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6169522B1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2001-01-02 Motorola, Inc. Combined mechanical scanning and digital beamforming antenna
GB0113296D0 (en) * 2001-06-01 2001-07-25 Fortel Technologies Inc Microwave antennas
ITRM20040254A1 (it) * 2004-05-20 2004-08-20 Tes Teleinformatica E Sistemi Antenna a puntamento combinato elettronico e meccanico.
US10082581B2 (en) 2014-12-10 2018-09-25 Worldvu Satellites Limited User terminal having a linear array antenna with electronic and mechanical actuation system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5008678A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-04-16 Hughes Aircraft Company Electronically scanning vehicle radar sensor
JP2580832B2 (ja) * 1990-04-19 1997-02-12 日本電気株式会社 移動体搭載アンテナ制御装置
US5227806A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-07-13 Japan Radio Co., Ltd. Stabilized ship antenna system for satellite communication
JPH06252625A (ja) * 1993-02-24 1994-09-09 Sanwa Seiki Co Ltd 静止衛星追尾用車載アンテナ装置
JPH08195614A (ja) * 1994-11-16 1996-07-30 Japan Radio Co Ltd 追尾型アレイアンテナ装置
AU703226B2 (en) * 1995-10-13 1999-03-18 Peter Nielsen Method and system for communicating electromagnetic signals
US6034634A (en) * 1997-10-24 2000-03-07 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Terminal antenna for communications systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19752160A1 (de) 1999-06-10
EP0920072A3 (fr) 1999-11-24
DE59805495D1 (de) 2002-10-17
EP0920072A2 (fr) 1999-06-02

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