EP0918921B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung im tunnelbau - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung im tunnelbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0918921B1
EP0918921B1 EP97918982A EP97918982A EP0918921B1 EP 0918921 B1 EP0918921 B1 EP 0918921B1 EP 97918982 A EP97918982 A EP 97918982A EP 97918982 A EP97918982 A EP 97918982A EP 0918921 B1 EP0918921 B1 EP 0918921B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
supporting layer
slot
advancing
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97918982A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0918921A1 (de
Inventor
Thiemo Hagedorn
Volker Junior
Johannes Junior
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TACHUS AG
Original Assignee
Tachus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19650330A external-priority patent/DE19650330A1/de
Application filed by Tachus AG filed Critical Tachus AG
Publication of EP0918921A1 publication Critical patent/EP0918921A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0918921B1 publication Critical patent/EP0918921B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1053—Making by using boring or cutting machines for making a slit along the perimeter of the tunnel profile, the remaining core being removed subsequently, e.g. by blasting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus in Tunnel construction according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • a method and such a device are known from EP 0 557 805 A1. They are used when a tunnel is in a mountain to be driven, the soil parameters of which are limited Let life expect.
  • the word "tunnel” is included generally understood. It relates to advancements Tubes of any kind, for example more or less horizontal running road tunnels or canals, but also caverns and Cavities.
  • the mechanical tunneling with shield construction has the following disadvantages:
  • the tunnel machine is a one-off production for the respective Tunnel geometry and geology, it is often only for one Order can be used and therefore causes high costs. Because of high installation costs is the shield machine for construction short tunnel not economical. It can only Circular cross sections are opened. The minimal one Tunnel cross-section for a given clearance profile is only in Exceptional circular, so that additional costs due to More outbreaks occur. Changed tunnel cross sections in Longitudinal tunnel direction (e.g. for parking bays in road construction or Railway stations in subway construction) cannot with the machine be brought up.
  • the machine without shield construction has the following disadvantage: Since the securing is only released after a time delay from the driving, it is difficult to react to changing mountain conditions. If safety work has to be carried out in the machine area, the advance is hindered. There is also a risk of the machine being spilled.
  • a tunnel digging device is known from EP-A-0557805. It digs a slot in the circumferential direction of the tunnel is filled with concrete. There are individual truncated cones closed rings that eventually formed are nested.
  • a tunnel construction method is known from DE 16 58 769. This is done using a broach from the mountains an annular gap on the boundary line of the cut-out profile excavated and preferably immediately after excavation fast-curing concrete backfilled, what within the Concrete rings the core excavation and the control takes place.
  • the boundary surface of the individual nested ring columns can have the shape of truncated cone surfaces.
  • the object of the invention is a method and an apparatus in tunneling specify which is the faster, less expensive and safer driving a tunnel into the mountain allow.
  • Fig. 1A is the schematic and not to scale tunnel 10 to be driven vertically parallel to the longitudinal axis, in Fig. 1B cut several times perpendicular to the longitudinal axis shown.
  • the tunnel 10 is driven into the mountains 11, 12.
  • At 11 is the mountains surrounding the tunnel, at 12 that material to be removed soon.
  • Reference number 13 denotes an artificial support layer made of a stable one Material like concrete.
  • the device according to the invention (Slot machine), 15 is one of the Slot machine 14 created slot, 16 the working face, 17 the Securing the tunnel.
  • steps (1) to (4) that is Procedures in tunnel construction described. With him it becomes a Slit 15 made in advance. This slot is with a load-bearing material such as concrete. Under protection the resulting support layer 13 becomes the tunnel 10 advanced. If you only pay attention to that Methods of building the support layer 13 would only be the steps (1) and (2) to consider, where appropriate, repeated would be executed. If you only consider the procedure for Production of the slot 15 is only the possibly repeated Execution of step (1) relevant.
  • Tunnels are used in which the rock through which through which the tunnel is driven is such that on on one side a possibly face is exposed, on the other hand, the strength is not so great that the tunnel can only be opened by blasting.
  • the procedure is for changing geometries and geologies applicable.
  • the workers work in the protection of the leading ones Fuse.
  • the health burden on workers conventional processes are reduced.
  • the procedure enables propulsion with smaller deformations and thus less damage to the surface of the site. If the Support layer was designed so that it for the Load capacity of the tunnel tube can be taken into account inner fuse to be subsequently installed (17 in FIG. 1A) be interpreted weakly or disappear entirely, resulting in a leads to significant cost advantages.
  • In the course of the tunneling can different tunnel cross-sectional shapes and / or areas getting produced. It only has to be the one Support layer producing device 14 accordingly can be controlled.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show embodiments in which the slot 15 extends only over part of the tunnel circumference. This can be useful if due to local geological Faults only parts of the tunnel need to be secured.
  • the slot 15 is then made so that the support layer 13 after breaking off the underlying rock viable support finds. According to the slot however, all the way round, this is shown schematically in FIG. 3 shown. This possibility can e.g. be chosen if the tunnel is to be excavated in a rock which in conventional methods of a radial circumferential fuse requirement.
  • a closed all-round support layer is then created 13, hereinafter called the support ring, which is not a singular one Support needed, but lies flat.
  • the slot 15 for receiving the support layer 13 is leading manufactured and follows the planned tunnel contour. According to the invention it follows a helix or rings.
  • the The pitch of the helix corresponds to the machining width the slot machine.
  • the slot or the support layer can be inclined on the tunnel contour so that it is at the top in the tunnel advance direction are further forward than below (Fig. 4B). This Then the inclination to the vertical also experiences emerging face so that it is less at risk of collapse is.
  • the angle of inclination is dependent on rock parameters selected.
  • the helix can be especially in the case of the inclined Face 16 optimized from different points of view be, especially from the point of view of Machine construction and stability of the face 16.
  • the machine In the simplest case for the machine, it is designed so that the change in the curvature of the helix inside of a circulation due to the soil conditions (Rock parameters) predetermined face slope minimized becomes. This will meet the mobility requirements Machine lower.
  • the vertices of the movement do not have to be on the roof and the bottom of the tunnel.
  • a closed ring is in contrast to a helix also possible (Fig. 4C).
  • slot width (tee width) during of a revolution can be curved in the course of the tunnel become. To do this, either the machine's tee width enlarged, reduced or with a constant tee width The machine becomes part of the one manufactured in the previous round Support layer removed again by the machine.
  • the outbreak can be done with the slit manufacturing machine 14 and run by yourself or a separate device. By the outbreak the material, energy and signal transport takes place.
  • the first retraction of the slot Device 14 in the rock can be conventional manufactured face 16 for example simply from the Loading area of a transport device, e.g. B. a truck if the machine is only there finds an abutment. She works from there into that Rock into it, then works towards the tunnel circumference and starts its regular work there.
  • a transport device e.g. B. a truck if the machine is only there finds an abutment. She works from there into that Rock into it, then works towards the tunnel circumference and starts its regular work there.
  • the slot 15 is preferably filled with concrete immediately after the slot was dug. It can Concrete either from the face or from the back of the the slot making machine into the free slot be promoted. Fast curing concrete can be used it sets within seconds.
  • the concrete placed in the slot binds within a few Seconds and is additionally supported by a moving formwork held so that it did not break through the tunnel flows.
  • the tunnel 10 can then are continuously advanced, for example in the way that the working face 16 each in its front of the slot manufacturing machine 14 located sector is mined.
  • the face can be used with conventional excavators or with a partial cutting machine.
  • the dismantling runs with it the production of the support layer or the support ring synchronously, however timed so that the breakdown of the face in Protection of the support body expires. This may be necessary be divided into several parts and to move the excavator spatially. Perhaps required overlaps for the supply facility of the Slitting machine can be made with the dismantling of the working face become.
  • the face can be dismantled in the tunneling direction up to shortly before or exactly at the front edge of the manufactured Support layer take place (Fig. 5A). But it can also, for example depending on the rock, are driven a little further (Fig. 5B), however, no more than 40% of the working width of the slot manufacturing device 14. Then it is not necessary to the slot making machine 14 via an outbreak supply. Rather, their end on the face is then visible and more or less freely accessible.
  • a device is described below, which for Execution of individual of the above-mentioned process steps can be used. It can be used as a single device or as several, more or less independently working Devices be trained. Referring to Fig. 6, one first embodiment described.
  • the device has various components: On its The material-removing tool 61 is located on the end face, behind it is a device 62 with which the removed material is conveyed from the slot. Moreover it has a locomotion device 68, 71, possibly one Concreting device 64 and a control unit 65.
  • the material-removing tool 61 is preferably controllable movably connected to the machine 14 so that it is used in all Generation of the slot 15 necessary directions pivoted or can be moved. Possibly. can the device be a Sealing device 66 having the area of Slot generation from the area of the locomotive and the slot filling separates.
  • the tool can be designed so that it is able to to produce a slot 15, which over the entire Slot width, or part of it, is thicker than that too creating support layer 13 previous circulation manufactured support layer An overlap creates an access 81 from the slot to the room in front of the Working face. This access is used to supply the machine with media, the removal of the removed material and the Articulation by the arm 72 allows.
  • a suitable choice of tool for example one Snail, can be generated by means of the overcut Access 81 the removed material directly into the room in front of the Face are promoted.
  • the overlap in the middle of the abrasive tools he produces one Deepening towards the inside of the tunnel through which Supply lines can be routed.
  • the access can also be made by means of an arm 72 attached tool can be generated.
  • the feed force for the tool 61 is via the Transfer linkage 67 to the tool.
  • the reaction force must be from the unit, which is also the locomotion of the machine allows to be taken over.
  • a preferred embodiment is the absorption of the reaction force and the movement of the Machine as a whole by means of an arm 72 (Fig. 7) which of a carrier 73 standing in front of the working face goes out and is moved.
  • the supply lines can also be connected via this arm 72 from and to the machine in the slot.
  • An articulation of the tool unit 14 on the arm 72 enables one Movement in all directions, regardless of the movement of the carrier device 73.
  • the device can be integrated or separately provided Concreting device for filling the trenched slot 13 exhibit with concrete.
  • the concreting device 64 exists among other things from a concreting screed 69, which the device separates from the slot already filled with concrete.
  • a formwork 70 are dragged. This is in Fig. 6 shown schematically.
  • a nozzle is preferably used to pour the concrete provided up to which the components of the concrete dry be promoted. At the nozzle, water and possibly Additives added.
  • the concreting device can also have a separately provided conventional facility.
  • a preferred embodiment of the material-removing Tools 61 is a milling device. It can consist of several Units exist. The units that flank the Point machine, mill both on the front side and on the circumference. The router pointing towards the already made support ring secures by profiling it a good bond between the fresh concrete and the set. The one in the tunneling direction pointing milling head is in this direction displaceable. This is a widening of the slot possible. By varying the slot width over the course of a Circumnavigation is cornering or ascending or descending the Tunnels possible. At least one other milling cutter that is only on The circumferential milling can also be moved in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and ensures that together with the other two Material removal across the entire required slot width.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the material-removing Tools are two counter-rotating cutters, their axes of rotation are approximately radial to the tunnel axis. They offer the advantage that they have minimal reaction forces across Generate machine longitudinal direction and with a suitable direction of rotation can also serve as a conveyor unit.
  • Another preferred embodiment is a snail. This is also able not only to remove but also also promote. In connection with a screw geometry, the one on the side facing the existing tunnel Generated overcut, the removed material can be directly in front the face is encouraged.
  • the material-removing tool 61 is a suitable (not shown) drive, for example a hydraulic, Electric motor in the immediate vicinity of the tool, driven.
  • the material-removing tool produces across its width a continuous processing front.
  • the tool width generally extends roughly parallel to the tunneling direction. Management and suspension of the Tools do not protrude from this processing front on any side.
  • the supply lines 67 are therefore in laterally areas, but from the bottom (in Flange facing the inside of the tunnel).
  • the material discharge can be with or without a transport medium respectively. Air and water are preferred transport media. Possible mechanical conveyors are e.g. Brushing or Snails.
  • the Opposing force generated by the machine body 14 itself which over supports suitable devices 68 in the surrounding soil.
  • the The device according to the invention then works mechanically decoupled from devices in front of the working face. Only the feed and Derivatives are still necessary.
  • the support can be over Hydraulic presses or struts (anchors) take place. Through the Using several links for support can help propulsion the machine from the feed on the tool.
  • the main body of the device is the tool 61 to the front pushed.
  • This feed can be hydraulic, pneumatic or motorized devices.
  • the machine is preferably supported so that it Face 16 not burdened in a way that the Stability of the working face endangered. It can turn sideways against the already produced support layer 13 and the mountain 11 support or up and down against the mountains brace or back against the concrete support or in a combination of the above Possibilities.
  • the machine is divided into several segments. These segments are allowed at a height of the machine of approx. 200 mm in a 250 mm thick slot in a tunnel with approx. 6000 mm diameter up to about 1000 mm long.
  • the processing width of the The machine is approx. 1 m - 2 m.
  • the feed segment consists of at least two links are interconnected with lifting devices 71. By alternate tensioning and loosening of the individual links the machine moves forward like a worm.
  • the lifting devices 71 can, for example, four hydraulic cylinders his. By extending the single cylinder, the links of the feed segment be tilted against each other. This means getting around in any spatial direction, especially along the circumference of the tunnel, possible.
  • the shaft runs parallel to the helix of the slot and is towards the tunnel axis added.
  • the supply lines can be found in this shaft be performed. To a certain extent, that makes it possible Decouple the manufacture of the leading fuse from Dismantling the face.
  • the machine can prevent material from entering, especially in the Area of the locomotion device 68, 71, are secured. This is done, for example, with the help of a cover, the Shape and length can be changed so that they are the Length change or twisting of the machine in the construction process adapts, for example by folding or in the form of a Sheets that are adjusted by a rolling mechanism.
  • a heavy crawler excavator basic device can be used as the carrier device 73 be used. If the device because of the large weight can not stand on the young sole concrete, the sole is after creating the slit again and again with excavated material filled.
  • the device can be modified so that both Removal tool and, depending on the process, the wiring harness or the arm 72 for the slot machine 14 can be attached can.
  • the removal tool (75) alternatively on both sides of the arm (42) to the slitting machine can be connected.
  • a shotcrete device can be placed on the carrier device 73 be provided with the help of a Water ingress or failure of the face one quick backup can be applied.
  • a follower 81 can be provided as the carrier unit that is supported on the circumference of the existing tunnel.
  • the arm 72 which guides the machine and possibly pushes, attached.
  • the arm can extend all over Move scope.
  • the back-up consists of one in the feed direction movable steel frame 82, which is the respective Adapts tunnel cross-section. This is done with steel profiles different radii, which are extended with lifting devices become.
  • a platform 83, its position, is provided in the trailer can be changed in all directions in the tunnel. On you can have excavators or partial cutters that work with With the help of this lifting device all areas, even large ones Reach tunnel cross sections.
  • the trailer can do the job of resistance to expansion take over as long as the supporting material (e.g. concrete) in the Support layer 13 has set but not yet its full Has achieved sustainability.
  • the supporting material e.g. concrete
  • the locomotive of the slitting machine 14 takes place when it is works independently of a carrier, either remote controlled or fully automatic.
  • the remote control can For example, by a worker who is in front of the Standing face observes the progress of work and accordingly via a wired or wireless Remote control the slot machine 14 moves. at fully automatic locomotion must be a suitable one Navigation system can be provided, based on which the Slot machine 14 can orient in space.
  • a technical Tools for measurement and control technology come among others Gyro devices, laser devices, optical components for use of laser light or inclinometer in question

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP97918982A 1996-08-16 1997-08-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung im tunnelbau Expired - Lifetime EP0918921B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19633056 1996-08-16
DE19633056 1996-08-16
DE19650330 1996-12-04
DE19650330A DE19650330A1 (de) 1996-08-16 1996-12-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung im Tunnelbau
PCT/EP1997/004418 WO1998007961A1 (de) 1996-08-16 1997-08-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung im tunnelbau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0918921A1 EP0918921A1 (de) 1999-06-02
EP0918921B1 true EP0918921B1 (de) 2003-01-15

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EP97918982A Expired - Lifetime EP0918921B1 (de) 1996-08-16 1997-08-14 Verfahren und vorrichtung im tunnelbau

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6315496B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0918921B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2002513452A (zh)
CN (1) CN1083050C (zh)
AT (1) ATE231212T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU4299197A (zh)
CA (1) CA2263299A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE19780877D2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2192266T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK1024283A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998007961A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061923A (zh) * 2010-11-28 2011-05-18 山东科技大学 保护既有建筑物的隧道施工方法

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CN100491693C (zh) * 2003-11-11 2009-05-27 植村技研工业株式会社 地下构造物的施工方法
AT507495B1 (de) * 2008-10-28 2010-08-15 Sandvik Mining & Constr Oy Vortriebs- oder gewinnungsmaschine
CN103334769A (zh) * 2013-06-18 2013-10-02 中国矿业大学 用于加固超前工作面空巷的十字砌块墙体支护方法
CN105298517A (zh) * 2015-11-21 2016-02-03 中铁二十局集团第二工程有限公司 软弱围岩隧道超前加强支护施工方法
CN107965326A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-04-27 中铁三局集团广东建设工程有限公司 地铁超大暗挖隧道石方机械联合开挖施工方法
CN108798684B (zh) * 2018-06-28 2019-12-03 中电建十一局工程有限公司 一种全风化细砂地层开挖隧洞的方法
CN113153414B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2023-02-28 西南交通大学 瓦斯隧道穿越下伏煤层采空区的处置措施及其施工方法
CN113006146B (zh) * 2021-03-31 2023-03-21 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种圆阴井内壁混凝土涂抹装置
CN113006147B (zh) * 2021-03-31 2023-05-16 中建泰基城市建设集团有限公司 一种圆阴井内壁自动粉刷装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1658769B1 (de) * 1967-07-31 1970-06-18 Wolff & Mueller Tunnelbauverfahren

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102061923A (zh) * 2010-11-28 2011-05-18 山东科技大学 保护既有建筑物的隧道施工方法
CN102061923B (zh) * 2010-11-28 2013-06-05 山东科技大学 保护既有建筑物的隧道施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6315496B1 (en) 2001-11-13
CA2263299A1 (en) 1998-02-26
ATE231212T1 (de) 2003-02-15
DE19780877D2 (de) 2000-08-24
AU4299197A (en) 1998-03-06
EP0918921A1 (de) 1999-06-02
JP2002513452A (ja) 2002-05-08
CN1233311A (zh) 1999-10-27
ES2192266T3 (es) 2003-10-01
CN1083050C (zh) 2002-04-17
HK1024283A1 (en) 2000-10-05
WO1998007961A1 (de) 1998-02-26

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