EP0908578B1 - Façade panel for a curtain wall construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The facade plate has a front plate part (7) on its front surface (9) with horizontal ribs (11-16). The wall thickness of the front plate part is at least 1.5 times groove depth. The grooves are arranged in front of the ribs (17), and in front of the core holes. The horizontal grooves are wedge-shaped (10), rectangular with rounded corners (11), groove-shaped (12), basket-shaped (13), trapezoidal (14), or triangular (15,16), or are formed in another combined shape. The grooves can also be formed by a saw-toothed arrangement of individual inclined surfaces and orientated downwards. The saw-toothed surfaces are formed with a drip edge.

Description

The invention relates to a rear-ventilated facade construction as well as an extrusion tool for producing facade panels one such facade construction.

From DE-PS 34 01 271 is a facade substructure according to the The preamble of claim 1 is known. The facade panels consist of a front and a rear flat plate part, which are separated by webs are interconnected. In addition, the plates are on the rear side with a head and a foot fold, which in the on the wall assembled state are arranged one below the other. Furthermore, they are Facade panels on the front lower edge with a drip fold provided that in the assembled state the top fold of the arranged below Plate overlaps so that the front surfaces of the upper and lower Facade panels lie on one level. The top fold of the bottom Facade panels and the panel holder from the drip fold of the top Facade panel covered so that the holders are only partially visible. Between the top fold of the top and the top fold of the bottom Facade panel is an open horizontal joint for ventilation of the facade arranged. The facade panels described are machine-smooth, ground and sandblasted surface launched.

In addition, curtain wall panels are known, which are less strong, without perforation, as well as without top, bottom and drip fold. This are butted together with open horizontal joints of different widths. These facade panels are also machine-smooth, ground, sandblasted or occasionally as jewelry plates with certain embossed Ornaments offered.

In the case of curtain-type, ventilated facades, the joints must be wide open be that an air exchange to discharge the through the building wall diffusing moisture can take place. Due to the pulsating effect of Adequate air exchange takes place through the open joints of the wind scale-like overlapped or butted in one plane Facade panels. When it rains, especially driving rain, it works Facade water from the front of the facade panels down. Due to the scale-like overlap of facade panels or The formation of overlapping head and drip folds is the Water flow improved so that practically no driving rain behind the Facade panels can penetrate. The exchange of air and thus moisture through however, this does not hinder the open horizontal joints.

The disadvantage of these known facade constructions is that in the upper region of buildings, i.e. near the roof edge at strong wind rainwater driven in through the open horizontal joints can be. The wind hitting the facade of a house jams itself on the facade and flows on both sides to the left and right as well as in the upper area of the facades. This allows especially with strong wind and higher buildings in the upper Facade area so high upward wind speeds occur that the facade water no longer runs down, but is driven upwards by the wind and thus despite the overlap of Head and drip folds in large quantities through the open horizontal joints can be driven behind the curtain wall.

From FR 2 559 819 a facade construction is known in which the Facade panels without the interposition of profile beams without Formation of open horizontal joints are arranged one above the other. The Front surface of the facade construction, which by the seamlessly together arranged facade panels is formed with a closed Plaster layer completely covered. For better adhesion of the plaster layer horizontal grooves are formed on the front of the facade panels.

In the perforated plate already mentioned at the outset according to DE-PS 34 01 271 there is also the disadvantage that on the front surface, which at Drying of plastic ceramic blanks is arranged in the top Area of T-shaped cross-sections through the front plate part and the Bridges are formed, there is an accumulation of material. Through this Material accumulation does not only increase when drying Shrinkage, which appears as a visually unsightly flat trough. The increased shrinkage can be very sensitive to dryness Materials even lead to cracks.

From DE-OS 25 01 323 are facade panels for cladding Exterior surfaces on buildings are known to have notches around them give the appearance of brick or stone masonry.

The US-PS 52 13 870 discloses cladding panels, the wells as Have ornaments.

From US-PS 42 88 956 are cladding panels made of rigid foam plastic known, which have recesses, which fasteners take up.

DE 28 31 284 A1 also describes a wall covering Cladding elements made of plastic foam panels with horizontal Through holes that are used to hold fasteners. Horizontal grooves on the front are designed to simulate a clinker structure. The wall covering is hermetically sealed by the Cladding elements with complementarily tight tongue and groove connections intermediate sealing elements are connected. It has no open ones Horizontal joints for air and moisture exchange in the aforementioned ventilated facade construction.

Furthermore, facade panels have become known, those shown in FIG. 5 Have cross-section. These facade panels have a front Plate part 41 and a rear plate part 42, which by webs 43, 44, 45th are interconnected, which form core holes 46, 47 between them. The front plate part 41 has horizontal grooves 48, 49, 50 on its front surface on. The rear surface 51 of the front plate part 41 essentially follows that Contour the front surface of the front plate part 41 so that this front Plate part has essentially the same wall thickness a everywhere. Accordingly, in the front plate part 41 in the area of the grooves 48, 49, 50 bends 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 formed, which has the consequence that the Core holes 46, 47 - compared to the original shape without grooves 48, 49, 50 - are no longer rectangular, but have indentations that the Offsets 52-57 correspond.

In the known facade panel, which is shown in Fig. 5, there is Disadvantage that the front plate part 41 must be cranked, which only by Use of an appropriately trained extrusion mouthpiece with corresponding cores is possible, corresponding at the front corners Recesses are formed. The disadvantages of such a mouthpiece lie in that the mouthpiece frame with the grooves corresponding Formations must be provided and therefore this mouthpiece is not for the production of facade panels without grooves can be used. Moreover must have all the cores at the corners facing the front wall corresponding recesses must be provided, so that it is Custom-made deals that only in mouthpieces for facade panels Grooves, strictly speaking, only with grooves of a certain cross-section can be used. Because mouthpiece keme is extremely high Must have wear resistance and usually made of hard steel, hard metal or cast as oxide ceramics are cores with special shapes accordingly expensive. Would normal cores, i.e. cores without that Recesses used at the corners, the wall thickness of the Front of the facade panel to a fraction of the required Reduced wall thickness. This is shown in dashed lines at the bottom left in FIG. 5. Would cores with corner recesses in normal mouthpieces (for Panels without grooves), the wall thickness in the area of Node (front wall / web) reinforced so that it is caused by excessive Material accumulation for cracking in the technological Manufacturing process required drying would come.

Another disadvantage of such a mouthpiece with cranked walls lies in the fact that these offsets act as brakes which restrict the flow of material hinder the plastic ceramic mass, so that the front wall the facade panels emerge from the mouthpiece more slowly than the rear one smooth wall. This can lead to warping and cracking or the facade panels break during the drying process.

The object of the invention is a curtain, ventilated To develop facade construction in which rainwater is driven in in strong winds is at least significantly reduced and the concerned Facade panels in the production cost-effectively in the extrusion process are producible and there are no optically noticeable quality losses in Connection with shrinkage and cracking during the drying process exhibit. It is also an object of the invention to provide an extrusion tool for simple and inexpensive manufacture of facade panels such To create facade construction.

According to the invention, this task is performed with a curtain Facade construction according to claim 1 and an extrusion tool solved according to claim 13. The arrangement of horizontal grooves laminar layer of flowing water on the facade surface torn and the flow resistance of the water increased. The consequence of this is that in strong wind less water in the upper edge of a facade is driven upwards or that the wind force at which the water begins flowing upwards must be much higher than for facades without grooves. Accordingly, less or less water is through the open Horizontal joints in the interior of the curtain wall construction driven. This is particularly the case in windy and rainy areas Moisture exposure to thermal insulation and building walls significantly reduced. Another advantage is that that is down draining facade water flows more slowly and therefore after the Drip on lintels at a slower speed on the Windowsill hits, less is atomized and less for pollution the window panes contributes.

The invention has the further advantage that the quality is reduced the production of the facade panels in the extrusion process can be prevented.

According to an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that the Wall thickness of the front plate part at least 1.5 times the groove depth is. This has the advantage that the facade panels with Grooves on the front are equipped, but that no offsets on front plate part are required so that for the production of Facade panels with different groove shapes, sizes and Intervals a new mouthpiece is not required, which exactly corresponds to the desired grooves.

It is useful here (but not a requirement and not necessarily required) that the web thickness and the radius of curvature of the core corners is designed so that they correspond at least approximately to the groove depth.

The advantage of the preferred embodiment is that the between Grooved bottom and core hole not remaining wall thickness below that Reasons of Manufacturing technology and the minimum required strength. Become but the grooves are left out with an otherwise unchanged plate cross-section, so the wall thicknesses of the front plate part and the web thickness so large that it due to the omission of the groove, no excessive material accumulation comes, so that the risk of cracking during the drying process and the dry breakage rate remains within tolerable limits. Since in the invention Facade panel no reinforcement of the wall thicknesses at the core hole corners normal rectangular cores with rounded corners are required universally used in all mouthpieces for facade panels with or without grooves become, which represents a significant cost advantage.

Another advantage of the facade panel according to the invention is that it due to the relatively small groove depth compared to the wall thickness is possible Mouthpiece frame to be executed in its entire depth and on the for Pressing of grooves usually required strip-shaped formations to do without on the inside of the mouthpiece frame. Instead of such strip-shaped Forming it is possible with the facade panel according to the invention, shape the grooves in such a way that at the start exit plane of the mouthpiece Panels with the desired shape and size of the grooves are attached, which engage in the strand and cause the formation of the grooves. This is possible without subsequent consequences in that the pressure in the plastic ceramic material inside the mouthpiece at that moment Zero relaxed, in which it emerges from the mouthpiece. The expands Strand transverse to its longitudinal axis in such a way that its individual wall cross sections noticeably enlarge, i.e. plastically deform. If during this plastic Deformation of the entire strand simultaneously the plastic shape of Grooves is superimposed, so there are no significant additional Stresses which increase the deformation or the fracture rate at Could lead to drying. In addition, the uniform propulsion of the plastic ceramic material through panels (with the shape of the grooves) at the exit plane the mouthpiece is much less disturbed because the pressure drops to zero, than with strip-shaped formations (with the shape of the grooves) on the inside the mouthpiece, where there is a very high pressure. The resulting one The advantage is that for the production of grooved facade panels of the invention Kind of using a single mouthpiece with flat wall surfaces (without strip-shaped formations) and with a single type of rectangular rounded cores are sufficient and the grooves in different sizes, Shapes and spacing simply by changing the mentioned panels can be produced.

Another advantage of the facade panel according to the invention is that the mouthpiece exit plane or - seen in the direction of the strand flow - afterwards, Loops of thin steel wire can be attached, which in the desired Form of the grooves are formed and in the surface of the plastic Engage the strands and cut out corresponding grooves. Also this gives all the advantages of the facade panel according to the invention described above to the effect that namely the use of a special mouthpiece with built-in strips for shaping the grooves and with special cores recessed corners is unnecessary. In addition, the cost of the wire loop method even cheaper than that for the aperture method. Possibly is however, the accuracy and adaptability to the desired groove shape lower with the wire loop method.

However, it is also possible to have the desired grooves after the drying process or cut into the front of the panel after the fire. Come here too thereby all the advantages of the facade panel according to the invention described above to the effect that the use of a special mouthpiece with built-in Moldings and special cores is unnecessary. The size and shape of the grooves can be varied by the shape, size and depth of engagement of the milling cutters.

The invention further relates to an extrusion tool for producing the invention Facade panels. According to the invention, the extrusion tool has screens on, which are preferably interchangeable and / or adjustable. For an alternative The extrusion tool has loops according to the invention.

Fig. 1

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine vorgehängte, hinterlüftete Fassadenkonstruktion,

Fig. 2

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Fassadenplatte,

Fig. 3

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine weitere Fassadenplatte,

Fig. 4

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine weitere Fassadenplatte,

Fig. 5

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine vorbekannte Fassadenplatte,

Fig. 6

einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine weitere Fassadenplatte,

Fig. 7

das Mundstück eines Strangpreßwerkzeugs mit Blenden in einer Schnittansicht,

Fig. 8

das in Fig. 7 dargestellte Mundstück in einer Ansicht von vorne,

Fig. 9

das Mundstück eines Strangpreßwerkzeugs mit Drahtschlingen in einer Schnittansicht und

Fig. 10

das in Fig. 9 dargestellte Mundstück in einer Ansicht von vorne.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1

a vertical section through a curtain-type, ventilated facade construction,

Fig. 2

a vertical section through a facade panel,

Fig. 3

a vertical section through another facade panel,

Fig. 4

a vertical section through another facade panel,

Fig. 5

a vertical section through a previously known facade panel,

Fig. 6

a vertical section through another facade panel,

Fig. 7

the mouthpiece of an extrusion tool with screens in a sectional view,

Fig. 8

7 in a front view,

Fig. 9

the mouthpiece of an extrusion tool with wire loops in a sectional view and

Fig. 10

the mouthpiece shown in Fig. 9 in a view from the front.

1 shows a vertical substructure 1 with horizontal support profiles 2 (vertical support profiles can also be used) and facade panels 3, which with a top fold 4 on the upper plate edge 5 and with a drip fold 6 on lower plate edge 7 are equipped. The facade panels 3 are by means of facade panel holders 8 fixed to the support profiles 2. The front surface 3 of the front The plate part is provided with horizontal grooves. The groove 10 has a wedge shape Cross-section, the groove 11 is a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners the groove 12 is a rounded groove, the groove 13 is basket-shaped, the Groove 14 is trapezoidal and the grooves 15 and 16 are triangular. The Grooves are in each case in front of the horizontal webs 17 between the core holes 18 and 19 arranged.

The facade panel shown in Fig. 1 is exemplary with different shapes formed by grooves. The facade panel is made of ceramic material. she is preferably made by extrusion. The grooves are each in the area of the web between two holes in the front surface of the facade panel arranged. With facade panels with horizontal holes, these can Grooves can be pressed in one step when extruding the plates. Another advantage of such horizontal grooves is that the horizontal Joint pattern of facade constructions overlaid by the shadow-casting grooves and is made more inconspicuous. By arranging the grooves on the T-shaped Cross-sections the material stresses are reduced during drying, so that the reject rate due to dry cracks or trough-shaped deformations can be reduced. Even if the material tension is not already at Drying or burning will lead to breakage or scrap, so this will decrease in any case the compressive strength of the panels, what the risk of falling and the hazard increased by people. With solid facade panels without perforation or with Facade panels with vertical perforations cannot groove the grooves during the pressing process be produced, but must be subsequently, e.g. by embossing or milling, be formed.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment in which the surfaces 20 and 21 are sawtooth-like arranged and oriented downwards. The grooves are on the front surface the facade panels formed by two sawtooth-like surfaces. This has the advantage that the resistance to upward movement Water is still increased significantly. The sawtooth tip 22 is a drip edge educated. The two sawtooth-like surfaces are designed so that a drip edge is created. The advantage of this embodiment is that do not soak the facade panels so much in light rain, because the running water film is interrupted.

In the lower part of FIG. 2 are the sawtooth surfaces 23 and 24 oriented upwards; this creates reflection surfaces through which radar beams be distracted downwards into the surrounding buildings. The sawtooth-like arranged areas are - in comparison to the upper part of FIG. 2 - in arranged in the opposite direction. The disadvantage is that the resistance against upward water is lower. The advantage of this embodiment but is because radar reflections from approaching in the runway area Aircraft down into the ground or into the surrounding buildings to get distracted. The radar reflections from buildings has namely as a disturbing factor of increasing importance in civil aviation.

Another advantage of all grooved, but especially the sawtooth grooved Panels is the reduction of sound reflection when curtain wall panels inside meeting rooms or on soundproof walls next to Streets are arranged.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, grooves are of different widths not in front of the respective T-shaped cross sections 26, but between these T-shaped ones Cross sections 26 and arranged in front of the core holes 27. The grooves can be designed as narrow grooves 25 or as wide grooves 28, each in front the core holes 27 and 29 are arranged. This can be particularly so in individual cases advantages of difficult to dry ceramic material mixtures of manufacture. There are materials that are not sensitive to material accumulation at nodes, but a stress relief in the wall over the core hole to reduce the risk of breakage. It can in individual cases (only) it can be determined empirically whether the material is sensitive is against material accumulation at the nodes or in the area between the nodes. However, the main advantage of the wide grooves is that that they not only form an increased flow resistance, but also an additional one Water collection basin, which increases the risk of collecting water significantly reduced by strong wind.

The exemplary embodiments shown in FIG. 4 show in the upper area very flat triangular grooves 30 and alternately in the lower area flat and pointed triangular grooves 31. Wavy grooves 32 are shown at the very bottom. The grooves are symmetrical and very flat in the upper part the middle part, on the other hand, alternately flat and pointed. The advantage lies in particular in that the pointed groove as a guide when cutting facade panels with can serve the free hand. In the lower part of Fig. 4 is another embodiment shown with long-wave grooves. The particular advantage is that Processing of particularly dry-sensitive ceramic materials, that there is no notch effect at any point on the facade panel surface. The Core holes are arched to prevent excessive material accumulation to avoid.

6 shows a facade panel made of ceramic with a front panel part 61 and a rear plate part 62, which are connected to one another by webs 63, 64, 65 , wherein the core holes 66, 67 formed between the webs 63, 64, 65 are substantially rectangular. The core holes 66, 67 have rounded corners. In contrast to the previously known embodiment according to FIG. 5, however no indentations in the core holes 66, 67 formed by cranking available.

6, the front plate part 61 is on its front surface 9 provided with horizontal grooves 68, 69, 70 in front of the respective webs 63, 64, 65 and thus are arranged between two core holes. The Wall thickness b of the front plate part 61 is more than 1.5 times the depth c of the grooves 68, 69, 70.

7 and 8 show a mouthpiece of an extrusion tool. The mouthpiece frame 71 has an opening. The opening of the mouthpiece frame 71 usually corresponds to the outer contour of the facade panel 72 to be produced; this is shown in the lower half of FIGS. 7 and 8. The top half of this Figures shows an alternative in which the mouthpiece frame 71 with screens 76 is provided. The core holes 73 of the facade panel 72 are made by cores 74 manufactured, which are located at the ends of a core rod 75. at the alternative shown in the upper half of FIGS. 7 and 8 are on the outside of the mouthpiece frame 71 screens 76 fastened by means of screws 77, the project with their ends 78 into the opening of the mouthpiece frame 71. The Ends 78 of the panels 76 are shaped such that in the outer surface of the facade panel 72 the desired groove contours are created. Because the panels 76 are fastened to the mouthpiece frame 71 with screws 77, they are interchangeable. They can also be designed to be adjustable, for example in that they have elongated holes.

9 and 10 show a modification of that shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 Mouthpiece with the same parts with the same reference numerals are. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10, 76 is instead of the diaphragms Wire loops 79 are provided by holding pieces 80 on the mouthpiece frame 71 are attached. The wire loops 79 are between the holding pieces 80 and the mouthpiece frame 71, the clamping force by Screws 77 is generated. The wire loops 79 are by the screws 77 exchangeable and adjustable. The wire loops protrude into the opening of the mouthpiece frame 71 in. The contour of the grooves created in the facade panel 72 corresponds to that of the wire loops.

Claims (15)

1. Ventilated curtain wall structure with open horizontal joints for air and moisture exchange, comprising a substructure (1) with horizontal and/or vertical supporting profiles (2) and extruded ceramic façade panels (3) which preferably have a head rebate (4) at the upper panel edge (5) and preferably have a drop rebate (6) at the lower panel edge, panel holders (8) or other devices preferably being used to secure the façade panels (3) on the supporting profiles (2), thereby forming the open horizontal joints, the open horizontal joints being open to such an extent that air and moisture exchange is possible through the horizontal joints, and provision being made for the façade panels to have a front panel part (61) and a rear panel part (62), the front panel part (61) and the rear panel part (62) being connected to one another by means of webs (17; 63, 64, 65) and the core holes (66, 67) formed between the webs (17; 63, 64, 65) being substantially rectangular, characterized in that the front panel part (7, 61) is provided on its front face (9) with horizontal channels (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 25, 28; 30, 31, 32; 68, 69, 70).
2. Curtain wall structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness (b) of the front panel part (61) is at least 1.5 times the channel depth (c).
3. Curtain wall structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the web thickness is made to correspond at least approximately to the channel depth.
4. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radii of rounding of the core hole corners are made to correspond at least approximately to the channel depth.
5. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the channels (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; 30, 31, 32; 68, 69, 70) are arranged in front of the respective webs (17; 63, 64, 65).
6. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the channels (25, 28) are arranged in front of the core holes (27, 29).
7. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the horizontal channels are designed to be wedge-shaped (10), rectangular with rounded corners (11), groove-shaped (12), basket-shaped (13), trapezoidal (14), triangular (15, 16) or in another combined form.
8. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the channels are formed by a sawtooth-like arrangement of individual oblique faces (20, 21) and are downwardly oriented.
9. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the faces with a sawtooth-like arrangement are designed to have a drop edge (22).
10. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sawtooth-like faces (23, 24) are designed to be upwardly oriented.
11. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the channels (28) are nearly as wide as, equally as wide as, or wider than the holes (29).
12. Curtain wall structure according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the channels (30) are designed to be shallow or alternately shallow and deep (31) or undulating (32).
13. Extrusion mould for the production of façade panels of the façade structure according to one of Claims 1 to 12, with a die having a die frame (71) with an opening, with masks arranged on the die frame (71) and intended for the formation of the horizontal channels, the masks being formed exclusively in the region of the die outlet in the extrudate discharge plane and protruding into the opening in the die frame, and with cores (74) having a core rod (75) for the formation, in the façade panels to be produced, of core holes which are substantially rectangular in cross section.
14. Extrusion mould according to Claim 13, characterized in that the ends of the masks which protrude into the opening in the die frame (71) are formed in such a way or are designed as wire loops in such a way that the desired channel contours result in the outer face of the façade panels to be produced.
15. Extrusion mould according to Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the masks are exchangeable and/or adjustable.

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