EP0906797A1 - Procédé et installation de dressage d'une bande métallique dans une installation de laminage à chaud - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de dressage d'une bande métallique dans une installation de laminage à chaud Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0906797A1
EP0906797A1 EP98118401A EP98118401A EP0906797A1 EP 0906797 A1 EP0906797 A1 EP 0906797A1 EP 98118401 A EP98118401 A EP 98118401A EP 98118401 A EP98118401 A EP 98118401A EP 0906797 A1 EP0906797 A1 EP 0906797A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
judge
strip
stretching
rollers
driver
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98118401A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0906797B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Seidel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Schloemann Siemag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19828575A external-priority patent/DE19828575B4/de
Application filed by SMS Schloemann Siemag AG, Schloemann Siemag AG filed Critical SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Publication of EP0906797A1 publication Critical patent/EP0906797A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0906797B1 publication Critical patent/EP0906797B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
    • B21D1/05—Stretching combined with rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
    • B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B2015/0057—Coiling the rolled product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B2015/0071—Levelling the rolled product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/28—Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/006—Pinch roll sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203—Cooling
    • B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0239—Lubricating
    • B21B45/0245—Lubricating devices
    • B21B45/0248—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0251—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for Forming of metal strip in a hot strip mill from a finishing train, a cooling section, a driver and a reel system.
  • a well-known means of producing flat hot strip is that Use of actuators. Stand with extremely thin tapes but currently hardly or no reliable hot strip flatness measurements to disposal.
  • the belt leaves the finishing train with an uneven part Flatness or stress distribution over the Bandwidth. This can lead to the fact that despite the same boundary conditions (such as geometric dimensions, trains, Temperatures, material, etc.) for tapes in quick succession rolled, different flatness results in the cold strip.
  • the uneven flatness distribution of the hot strip then leads directly or indirectly through changed winding conditions on the reel (for example higher coilcrown) to different Flatness of the cold strip.
  • the main influencing factors are the ground Driver shape, the wear of the driver rollers, the contact pressure as well as the thermal crown of the driver rollers. Indeed can optimize the driver grinding as well as a Change of driver role material or driver role changing practice improve the boundary conditions.
  • the main influencing factors are here the emerging coilcrown.
  • the shape of the coil depends of the strip contour, the flatness of the strip during reeling, the material strength (temperature, material quality) and the Reel train from.
  • the disadvantage is that the changes in flatness on the Driver role as well as on the reel as well as by cooling of the coil cannot be influenced directly. Hereby local flatness of the tape arises. There was also beating observed the immediate end of the band.
  • the object of this invention is a method and a system for setting the desired flatness and Tension conditions in hot strip to provide in Preserve cold condition flat tape.
  • the core of the invention is the provision of a method and a system, wherein the strip material after exiting the cooling zone alternately above and below at least two sequential straightener work rolls underneath Formation of a stretch judge zone is performed, the Stretching judge work rolls are arranged offset to each other are that the metal band on each stretcher judge work roll is redirected. Alternatively, the function of two Stretching judge work roles by the two alone Driver roles are taken over. The stretching judge zone will then by turning the top or bottom drive roller in the area before or after the original driving roller position created.
  • the stretching judge zone at the end of the hot rolling process.
  • the stretching judge zone will with additional stretch straightener rollers before or after the Traction rollers or trained by means of the traction rollers themselves.
  • the aforementioned German patent discloses a stretch bending straightening device with a downstream Mill stand.
  • two stretcher leveler work rolls are sufficient for this to form a stretch judge zone, wherein the metal strip is not rolled between the rollers, but bent and stretched between the successive rolls becomes.
  • the desired thin final dimensions having.
  • the stretching rollers according to the invention can already A sufficient degree of flatness is set for hot strip be, so under certain circumstances entirely on the cold strip process can be dispensed with.
  • a stretching judge zone is advantageously divided by three Straightening judge work rolls of a first type formed that are arranged one behind the other.
  • the stretch judge work rolls of the first type have a cylindrical shape.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is the use of a stretcher judge roll of a second Type that advantageously with two stretcher leveler work rolls of the first type is combined. This is what happens If possible, metal strip first through the stretching judge zone, formed from the roles of the first type, then over the Role of the second type to be led. Through a special one Training the crown of this role of the second type can then existing flatness of the metal strip is compensated become. This can be uneven across the bandwidth Train distribution will be generated with the aim of To stretch the tape locally so that it is as cold as possible is plan.
  • the measured values for strip contour, strip temperature distribution, the strip thickness and the tension level as well as the information the derived laws from the offline cold flatness evaluation etc. can be used. It can be different Straightener work roll settings over the length of the tape.
  • the lower drive roller can also advantageously perform the task the first stretch leveler work roll of the first type take.
  • the stretching judge zone can alternatively also by the upper and lower drive roller are formed. This will do so achieves that when the reel has gripped the tape head, the upper driver roller is swiveled downwards to the side and thus the belt is deflected on the drive rollers.
  • a belt zone cooling is advantageously in the stretching judge zone, in particular water cooling.
  • This belt zone cooling can preferably take the form of a scale washer be trained.
  • the tape is used on both sides High pressure pressurized with water which allows remove the tertiary scale at the same time.
  • Behind this Cooling zone, i.e. in front of the reel device is a temperature measuring device intended.
  • the straightening rollers be chilled to the thermal crown as well reduce wear.
  • Known water cooling devices are conceivable here.
  • a flatness measuring roller is arranged behind the stretching judge zone.
  • This is a segmented tension measuring roller.
  • the recorded by this measuring roller Values are used in the form of signals in a control loop Control of the stretching judge actuators and / or the finishing train actuators for further influencing flatness used. It is conceivable that the roles of the first and second type, which form the stretching judge zone, as segmented Tension measuring rollers are formed.
  • the settings of the Dependent cooling zone upstream cooling section depending are regulated by the belt properties.
  • Actual and setpoint of these two Control loops are the band properties. These are for example the temperature distribution over the bandwidth, the belt contour and / or the belt tension.
  • Known cooling patterns are used to control the cooling section resorted to.
  • the setting is conceivable the cooling device such that a diminished Cooling effect occurs in the band edge area or that an additional Cooling effect of the band edge area arises or a parabolic change in temperature distribution over the bandwidth.
  • another driver can be installed in front of the Stretching judge zone, seen in the direction of strip travel become.
  • FIG 1 shows here that according to the invention between the driver 2 and the reel 5 a stretching judge zone 6 is provided is here made up of two cylindrical ones arranged one behind the other Straightener work rolls 7 and a straightener work roll of the second type 8 is formed.
  • cooling systems 9a here in the form of spray water nozzles, are provided, to increase the strip temperature across the width or thickness influence.
  • Another cooling system 9b is shortly before Coil arranged. This is shown schematically as one in FIG Spray nozzle 9b shown.
  • an additional lubricant is applied to the belt, to the sliding properties of the tape layers to each other while to improve the cooling of the coil.
  • the strip material runs alternately above and below the Straightener work rolls 7.8.
  • the roles are in Offset with respect to their axes of rotation so that the metal strip 1 is deflected at each stretcher leveler work roll becomes.
  • Tensions are generated that are beneficial to a flatness of the tape.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show embodiments of the stretch judge zone 6 shown, which consist either of two or of three cylindrical stretch leveler work rolls 7 is composed.
  • FIG. 5 shows the embodiment of the stretching judge zone 6 of Figure 4, here also a stretch judge work role of second type 8 as the last station of the metal strip the reeling process is provided.
  • Figure 7 shows a similar constellation of roles as in Figure 6.
  • the lower drive roller 4 used as the first stretch roll.
  • Figure 8 represents.
  • Rolling conditions as well as high loads and wear of the Rolls in the rolling mill create flatness in the metal strips and excessive tension at the band edges.
  • a stretcher judge work roll 8a with negative Crown provided. It is possible in the band edges to cause a change in length and in the so treated Tied a positive tension with a maximum in the middle and set minimum tensions at the edge.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of the two-part Roll 8b when laying a tape 1.
  • the roll parts 9 can be moved back and forth to each other. You are either firmly mounted or arranged oscillating on the shaft 10.
  • FIG. 11 a shows schematically the storage of a stretcher judge work roll, being on the Bearing pin 11 influenced by roller bending 12 can be.
  • Figure 11b illustrates the influence of one or two employable Support rollers 13 and their arrangement to the stretching judge work roll 7.
  • actuators examples include roller bending, adjustable support rollers or inflatable rollers.
  • influenceable Manipulated variable is also the band tension level, that can vary across the length of the tape.
  • the actuators of the straightening rollers and thus the tension level varies over the length of the belt is adjustable. That means it will be for the individual Actuators have different setpoints.
  • the recorded values can also be used as a control variable the cooling device downstream of the finishing train used, for example, the temperature distribution over the bandwidth already through adapted cooling even.
  • Different cooling patterns can be set here, as for example from the patents DE 32 30 866 or EP 0 449 003 B1 are known. background is taking into account that the band cools faster at the edge than in the middle. Reduced cooling of the edges - this is achieved, for example, by inactivating the edge spray nozzles a chilled beam - compensates for this different heating processes across the range and creates a tape with a more even temperature distribution.
  • Figure 13 shows a second alternative of a device for Execution of the proposed method, the stretch judge zone just by the top 3 and bottom 4 drive roller is formed.
  • the upper drive roller 3 is down, laterally pivoted along the lower drive roller 4 (FIG 13 b, c).
  • the drive rollers 3, 4 have the in this position Function of two stretch judge work rolls.
  • the stretching judge zone is behind the (Original) position of the driving rollers. You can choose a gap 14 between the lower 4 and the upper Drive roller 3 can be set in the shutdown state ( Figure 13 c).
  • FIG. 16 schematically shows an advantageous arrangement of the Straightener rollers just before threading out the end of the belt the finishing train.
  • the straightening roller 7, here exemplary of the first type against one arranged below Roller 17 pressed to maintain the necessary retraction. If no roller 17 is provided, a greater immersion depth or a larger amount of bending for the Straightener roll chosen to complete the bending stretch straightening process when unthreading the tape end.
  • the proposed method and device can be general used in the manufacture of metals. Especially machining of steel and aluminum is planned.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
EP98118401A 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Procédé et installation de dressage d'une bande métallique dans une installation de laminage à chaud Expired - Lifetime EP0906797B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19743115 1997-09-30
DE19743115 1997-09-30
DE19828575A DE19828575B4 (de) 1997-09-30 1998-06-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Streckbiegerichten von Metallband
DE19828575 1998-06-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0906797A1 true EP0906797A1 (fr) 1999-04-07
EP0906797B1 EP0906797B1 (fr) 2004-04-07

Family

ID=26040443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98118401A Expired - Lifetime EP0906797B1 (fr) 1997-09-30 1998-09-29 Procédé et installation de dressage d'une bande métallique dans une installation de laminage à chaud

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6128937A (fr)
EP (1) EP0906797B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1135143C (fr)
AT (1) ATE263639T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9803798A (fr)
ES (1) ES2219822T3 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008000348A1 (fr) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 Sms Demag Ag Procédé et dispositif pour enrouler une bande métallique
EP1955787A1 (fr) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-13 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'étirement de bandes de métal
DE102008005116A1 (de) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes mit über Länge und Breite unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften
WO2013029886A1 (fr) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-07 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Laminoir réversible et procédé de fonctionnement d'un laminoir réversible
ITGE20130070A1 (it) * 2013-07-24 2015-01-25 Sandro Brizielli Linea multiuso per la produzione di lamiere
EP3061535A1 (fr) 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Dispositif de bobineuse doté d'un refroidissement asymétrique de la bande bobinée
WO2022043069A1 (fr) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-03 Sms Group Gmbh Dispositif de mesure de planéité, laminoir à chaud et procédé d'actionnement d'un dispositif de mesure de planéité

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6385864B1 (en) 2000-03-16 2002-05-14 Nike, Inc. Footwear bladder with controlled flex tensile member
US7207202B1 (en) 2006-05-30 2007-04-24 Morgan Construction Company Method of subdividing and decelerating hot rolled long products
US8893537B2 (en) * 2007-11-07 2014-11-25 The Bradbury Company, Inc. Methods and apparatus to drive material conditioning machines
EP2969279B2 (fr) 2013-03-11 2024-04-03 Novelis Inc. Amélioration de la planéité d'une bande laminée
CN106353196B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2023-03-24 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 一种金属带材拉矫变形实验装置及实验方法
DE102017202909A1 (de) 2016-11-07 2018-05-09 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bandes
DE102017212529A1 (de) 2017-07-20 2019-01-24 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Bandes
CN109174982B (zh) * 2018-09-03 2020-11-27 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 一种防高温构件变形起皱的边部冷却工艺及装置
CN111974801A (zh) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-24 无锡市城南带钢有限公司 热轧带钢的生产方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4074555A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-02-21 Bwg Bergwerk-Und Walzwerk Maschinenbau Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method of and apparatus for improving hot-rolled sheet-metal strips
US4316376A (en) * 1980-05-15 1982-02-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Method for preventing wandering of strip under roller leveling in hot rolling line
DE3636707A1 (de) * 1986-10-28 1988-05-19 Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk Vorrichtung zum streckbiegerichten von metallbaendern

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2163689A (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-05 Davy Mckee Hot rolling metal strip
US4700557A (en) * 1984-11-14 1987-10-20 Measurex Corporation System and process for controlling the shape of a strip of metal
US5724845A (en) * 1996-08-12 1998-03-10 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Bowing correction apparatus for temper rolling mill

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4074555A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-02-21 Bwg Bergwerk-Und Walzwerk Maschinenbau Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Method of and apparatus for improving hot-rolled sheet-metal strips
US4316376A (en) * 1980-05-15 1982-02-23 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Method for preventing wandering of strip under roller leveling in hot rolling line
DE3636707A1 (de) * 1986-10-28 1988-05-19 Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk Vorrichtung zum streckbiegerichten von metallbaendern

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008000348A1 (fr) * 2006-06-28 2008-01-03 Sms Demag Ag Procédé et dispositif pour enrouler une bande métallique
EP1955787A1 (fr) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-13 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh Procédé et dispositif destinés à l'étirement de bandes de métal
DE102008005116A1 (de) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes mit über Länge und Breite unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften
DE102008005116B4 (de) * 2008-01-14 2010-01-28 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung eines Metallbandes mit über Länge und Breite unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften
WO2013029886A1 (fr) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-07 Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh Laminoir réversible et procédé de fonctionnement d'un laminoir réversible
EP2750813B1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2016-02-10 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Laminoir réversible et procédé de fonctionnement pour un laminoir réversible
US9815101B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2017-11-14 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Reversing rolling mill and operating method for a reversing rolling mill
ITGE20130070A1 (it) * 2013-07-24 2015-01-25 Sandro Brizielli Linea multiuso per la produzione di lamiere
EP3061535A1 (fr) 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Dispositif de bobineuse doté d'un refroidissement asymétrique de la bande bobinée
WO2016134801A1 (fr) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-01 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Dispositif d'enroulement à refroidissement asymétrique de la bande enroulée
US10737306B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2020-08-11 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Coiling device with asymmetric cooling of the coiled strip
WO2022043069A1 (fr) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-03 Sms Group Gmbh Dispositif de mesure de planéité, laminoir à chaud et procédé d'actionnement d'un dispositif de mesure de planéité

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2219822T3 (es) 2004-12-01
ATE263639T1 (de) 2004-04-15
BR9803798A (pt) 1999-12-21
EP0906797B1 (fr) 2004-04-07
US6128937A (en) 2000-10-10
CN1135143C (zh) 2004-01-21
CN1212912A (zh) 1999-04-07

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