EP0902842B2 - Methode de production d'un element de construction - Google Patents
Methode de production d'un element de construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0902842B2 EP0902842B2 EP97920475A EP97920475A EP0902842B2 EP 0902842 B2 EP0902842 B2 EP 0902842B2 EP 97920475 A EP97920475 A EP 97920475A EP 97920475 A EP97920475 A EP 97920475A EP 0902842 B2 EP0902842 B2 EP 0902842B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- alloy
- max
- component
- alloy contains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a component according to the preamble of claim 1.
- crash behavior is an increasingly important aspect in vehicle construction. This applies to road traffic as well as to rail traffic.
- Road and rail vehicle manufacturers are increasingly considering dimensioning special components or even entire assemblies of the vehicle in such a way that they absorb as much energy as possible in the event of a collision in order to reduce the risk of injury to passengers.
- the mechanical properties of the materials used and joining zones are of crucial importance.
- the aim is to maximize absorption of energy before breakage. This can be achieved by a low ratio of yield strength to strength.
- An important material feature is also a high elongation.
- Joining zones, such as the weld seam, should differ as little as possible in their mechanical properties from the base material. With extruded profiles, a good elongation also in the transverse direction is of great importance.
- the requirements for the finished component By design, for example, a certain level of strength, certain minimum values of elongation, corrosion resistance or other essential characteristics can be specified.
- the aluminum materials that are today being processed into crash elements include, in particular, standard alloys of the AlMgSi type. Although alloys of this type bring good conditions for energy-absorbing parts in terms of their elongation and formability compared to other alloy systems such as AlZnMg, a further optimization of the properties is desirable.
- the AA6005A alloy currently used in wagon construction has a number of problems in manufacturing, which are related to the tendency to recrystallize coarsely. With a coarse grain structure, it is difficult to keep the prescribed bending radii, which enhances the tendency to form grain boundary holes during welding. This leads to a high number of nonconformities in production. If this is to be avoided, it must be produced in such a way that the profile cross section has predominantly fiber structure. This is currently only possible with an alloy composition that leads to higher press forces and significantly lower press speeds. But this means that big productivity losses have to be accepted.
- the invention has for its object to provide a material with particularly good deformability with good mechanical properties of the component.
- the material is said to have a comparable or lower strength level with the AA6005A alloy but to provide greater manufacturing safety and higher productivity.
- the alloy used is much less sensitive to quenching in terms of strength and elongation than the alloy AA6005A, and even with wall thicknesses of 6 mm, a fine grain still occurs throughout.
- the alloy is basically suitable for use with large profiles.
- the content limits for silicon and magnesium in% by weight are preferably set as follows: silicon 0.45 to 0.75, especially 0.55 to 0.65 magnesium 0.45 to 0.65, especially 0.50 to 0.60
- silicon and magnesium preferably apply: silicon 0.45 to 0.60, especially 0.45 to 0.55 magnesium 0.40 to 0.60, especially 0.45 to 0.55
- novel alloy composition for the production of components with high energy absorption capacity leads to a favorable microstructure of the component structure.
- the smallest possible grain size for improving the deformation properties is achieved with the alloy composition according to the invention.
- the special heat treatment gives the component particularly good properties with regard to energy absorption combined with good strength values.
- the heat treatment which can also be combined with paint firing, especially in the automotive industry, is the generation of the overaged state, T72, which is achieved by annealing between 190 and 230 ° C. for an annealing time of 1 to 5 hours.
- the components according to the invention are in the simplest case extruded profiles. However, it is also conceivable components that are finished, starting from an extruded profile as a preform, by hydroforming. According to a further variant of the invention, the component may also be a forged part.
- a preferred use of the inventively manufactured component is seen as a safety part in vehicle construction.
- the mechanical properties of the alloys used according to the invention were determined in a tensile test and on the basis of fatigue tests for the heat treatment conditions T6 (full cure) and T64 (partial cure).
- This condition is set by a storage of 10 h at 160 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is still below the maximum hardness, which is achieved at 160 ° C for about 20 h.
- the characteristics of the tensile test can vary depending on the exact analysis, degree of deformation, profile thickness and cooling conditions. Based on previous experience, the following minimum values have been established: Profile thickness range 2 - 4 mm 4 - 8 mm Rp0.2 rm A5 Rp0 Rm A5 [MPa] [MPa] [%] [MPa] [MPa] [%] base material 230 275 10 230 270 8th Butt joint (MIG) 120 180 .. 115 165 ..
- the typical values of the yield strength are around 240 MPa, the strength in the base material along 290 MPa, and the strains A5 by 12%. In the transverse direction, yield strength and strength are about the same. A5 drops to 6% from. All tested transverse samples contained profile seams and sample molds. In no case, a break was found in the immediate vicinity of the squeeze, which is due to the particularly fine grain in the press seam area due to the high degree of deformation. The hardness is in the range of 94 to 105 HB.
- the characteristic values of the welded connection apply to MIG machine welding. In the specified thickness range, the characteristic values differ only slightly when using SG-AlMg4, 5Mn, SG-AlMg5 and SG-AlSi5 filler metals. Errors such as edge misalignment due to the problems of welding large profiles affect the results more.
- the typical values of the processed weld joint are 130 MPa for Rp0.2, 210 MPa for Rm and 4% for A100. These are achieved in a test after about 30 days after welding. The cold curing in the heat affected zone is not completed after this time. In a test after about 90 days, a further increase of Rp0.2 is found by about 10 MPa, while the strength increases only slightly, and the strain remains constant within the measurement accuracy.
- the value for the base material was determined on 3 mm thick sections. Under comparable conditions, AA6005A typically achieves values ⁇ 100 MPa. The values of the welded connection were determined on 4 mm thick samples.
- This condition is achieved by aging for 8 h at 140 ° C.
- the typical values of the strength in the basic material along are 255 MPa, the strains A5 by 22%. In the transverse direction, the strength drops slightly to 250 MPa. A5 drops to 12%. All tested transverse samples contain pressed seams. In no case was a break found in the immediate vicinity of the squeeze seam. The hardness is in the range of 74 to 85 HB.
- the typical values of the processed weld joint are 130 MPa for Rp0.2, 210 MPa for Rm and 10% for A100. Such a high elongation is extraordinary. This has a very favorable effect in the event of a crash. Here, too, higher values for Rp0.2 are reached after about 90 days of storage at room temperature.
- Position 1 is completely in the welding material, position 5 in the uninfluenced base material.
- the behavior in the event of a crash depends essentially on the material properties, the shape and dimension of the crash element used.
- a first prerequisite for the suitability of a material in a specific shape and dimension is a folding without premature breakage.
- To test the crash behavior are sections of pipes or hollow profiles of rectangular cross-section, which are compressed.
- the alloys A, B and C were compared in a second series of experiments, the alloys B, D and E with the following compositions.
- the alloy C used In the upsetting tests of the first series of tests, the alloy C used always reached the highest values of absorbed energy in relation to the mass of the crash element. In this alloy, even in the T64 and T6 states, convolution without breakage and higher energy absorption was achieved with a thin tube than with T4.
- the alloy recrystallizes in fine-grained pressing, leaving in the grains still a remnant of a deformation structure. This is the most important basis for the superior properties in many aspects compared to the AA6005A alloy.
- the fine-grained recrystallization requires a sufficient degree of deformation with respect to time.
- the alloy is easily weldable. In the case of butt joints from profile sections, which were worked out from large profiles and welded with SG-AlMg4.5Mn filler material, no significant grain boundary openings have been observed for wall thicknesses up to 6 mm.
- the alloy is well suited for use in vehicle construction.
- the characteristic values of the tensile test required for the base material and the welded joint are reliably achieved.
- the alloy can be used equally well for small and large profiles. It is equally suitable for crash elements and components produced by hydroforming.
- the press speed can generally be increased by more than 50% compared to AA6005A.
- the variant partially cured T64 is characterized by a small decrease in the characteristic values of the welded connection compared to the base material.
- the alloy has proven to be an alloy with a good property combination of strength, elongation, weldability and production safety.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Procédé pour la fabrication d'un élément de construction sous form d'un element déformable pour la construction de véhicules dans un alliage de type AlMgSi contenant en % en poids
silicium 0.40 à 0.80 magnésium 0.40 à 0.70 fer max. 0.,30 cuivre max. 0.20 manganèse max. 0.15 vanadium 0.05 à 0.20 chrome max. 0.10 titane max. 0.10 zinc max. 0.10 - Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient en % en poids
du silicium 0.45 à 0.75, de préférence 0.55 à 0.65 et du magnésium 0.45 à 0.65, de préférence 0.50 à 0.60. - Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient en % en poids
du silicium 0.40 à 0.60, de préférence 0.45 à 0.55 and du magnésium 0.40 à 0.60, de préférence 0.45 à 0.55. - Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient de 0.18 à 0.25 % en poids de fer.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient de 0.12 à 0.16 % en poids de cuivre.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient de 0.05 à 0.10 % en poids de manganèse.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient de 0.06 à 0.15 % en poids de vanadium.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient au max. 0.08, de préférence max. 0.01 % en poids de chrome.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient au max. 0.05 % en poids de titane.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de construction est fabriqué sous forme de profilé extrudé.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de construction est fabriqué par formage sous haute pression intérieure à partir d'un profilé extrudé.
- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de construction est fabriqué par forgeage.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97920475A EP0902842B2 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-16 | Methode de production d'un element de construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96810325A EP0808911A1 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | Elément de construction |
EP96810325 | 1996-05-22 | ||
PCT/CH1997/000193 WO1997044501A1 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-16 | Element de construction |
EP97920475A EP0902842B2 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-16 | Methode de production d'un element de construction |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0902842A1 EP0902842A1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 |
EP0902842B1 EP0902842B1 (fr) | 2001-09-05 |
EP0902842B2 true EP0902842B2 (fr) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=8225612
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96810325A Withdrawn EP0808911A1 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | Elément de construction |
EP97920475A Expired - Lifetime EP0902842B2 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1997-05-16 | Methode de production d'un element de construction |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96810325A Withdrawn EP0808911A1 (fr) | 1996-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | Elément de construction |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6685782B1 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP0808911A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE205261T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2688197A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE59704542D1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2162285T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997044501A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA974318B (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007012894A1 (de) * | 2007-03-17 | 2008-04-03 | Daimler Ag | Verwendung eines Schweißzusatzwerkstoffs und Bauelement für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
EP2072628A1 (fr) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | Aleris Aluminum Bonn GmbH | Alliage d'aluminium haute résistance résistant aux collisions |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0936278B2 (fr) * | 1998-02-17 | 2010-07-07 | Aleris Aluminum Bonn GmbH | Procédé de fabrication d'un produit en alliage ALMGSI |
GB2376337B (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2003-01-22 | Jay Chieh Chen | A cryptographic method for electronic transactions |
CH693673A5 (de) * | 1999-03-03 | 2003-12-15 | Alcan Tech & Man Ag | Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AlMgSi zur Herstellung von Strukturbauteilen. |
EP1118686B1 (fr) * | 2000-01-19 | 2003-09-17 | ALUMINIUM RHEINFELDEN GmbH | Alliage de coulée à base d'aluminium |
US20050000609A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-01-06 | Butler John F. | Crash resistant aluminum alloy sheet products and method of making same |
FR2857376B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-09 | 2008-08-22 | Corus Aluminium Nv | ALLIAGE DE AlMgSi |
DE102004030021B4 (de) * | 2003-07-09 | 2009-11-26 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel Bvba | Gewalztes Produkt |
DE102005060297A1 (de) | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-16 | Fuchs Kg Otto | Energieabsorbtionsbauteil |
CN100482828C (zh) * | 2007-05-09 | 2009-04-29 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | 一种高精度铝合金波导管的制造方法 |
CA2797446C (fr) | 2010-04-26 | 2020-07-14 | Sapa Ab | Materiau a base d'aluminium tolerant aux dommages a microstructure stratifiee |
EP2518173B1 (fr) | 2011-04-26 | 2017-11-01 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de structure en tôle ainsi que composant de structure en tôle |
ES2780049T3 (es) | 2012-04-25 | 2020-08-21 | Norsk Hydro As | Perfil extruido de una aleación de aluminio Al-Mg-Si con propiedades mejoradas |
CN104046865A (zh) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-17 | 亚太轻合金(南通)科技有限公司 | 一种高强度可锻造铝合金棒材及其制备方法 |
EP2993244B1 (fr) | 2014-09-05 | 2020-05-27 | Constellium Valais SA (AG, Ltd) | Procédé de fabrication d'un produit extrudé en aluminium alliage 6xxx avec d'excellentes performances de l'accident |
CN104561686A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 东莞市东兴铝业有限公司 | 能抵受冷热凝变的铝合金材料及其制备工艺 |
EP3064305A1 (fr) | 2015-03-03 | 2016-09-07 | Constellium Valais SA (AG, Ltd) | Pièces constituées d'alliages d'aluminium de la série 6xxx, soudées à l'arc, généralement pour des applications de transport |
FR3042140B1 (fr) | 2015-10-12 | 2017-10-20 | Constellium Neuf-Brisach | Composant de structure de caisse automobile presentant un excellent compromis entre resistance mecanique et comportement au crash |
CN105483464B (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-09-22 | 上海友升铝业有限公司 | 一种适用于汽车保险杠吸能盒的Al‑Mg‑Si系合金材料 |
CA3032261A1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Shape Corp. | Procede de formage a chaud et appareil de pliage transversal d'une poutre d'aluminium profilee pour former a chaud un composant structural de vehicule |
EP3529394A4 (fr) | 2016-10-24 | 2020-06-24 | Shape Corp. | Procédé de formage et de traitement thermique d'un alliage d'aluminium en plusieurs étapes pour la production de composants pour véhicules |
NO20211429A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-25 | Norsk Hydro As | A 6xxx aluminium alloy with improved properties and a process for manufacturing extruded products |
WO2023220830A1 (fr) * | 2022-05-18 | 2023-11-23 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Alliage d'aluminium à résistance et ductilité améliorées |
Citations (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR1325565A (fr) † | 1962-06-21 | 1963-04-26 | Sulzer Ag | Procédé et dispositif de façonnage à froid de corps profilés creux |
FR2273077A1 (en) † | 1974-05-31 | 1975-12-26 | Cegedur | Shock-resistant, deformable aluminium alloy extrusions - contg. silicon and magnesium and suitable for crash barriers and car bumpers |
EP0787217B1 (fr) † | 1994-10-25 | 1998-05-13 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Procede de fabrication de produits en alliage alsimgcu a resistance amelioree a la corrosion intercristalline |
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US3938991A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1976-02-17 | Swiss Aluminium Limited | Refining recrystallized grain size in aluminum alloys |
JPS544806A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-13 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind | Extrusion aluminum alloy having good quenching propertity |
DE3243371A1 (de) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-03-15 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | Aluminiumlegierung |
IT1154589B (it) * | 1982-11-26 | 1987-01-21 | Italia Alluminio | Leghe di alluminio per apparecchiature nucleari |
US4637842A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1987-01-20 | Alcan International Limited | Production of aluminum alloy sheet and articles fabricated therefrom |
JPS61163232A (ja) * | 1985-01-11 | 1986-07-23 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高強度Al−Mg−Si系合金およびその製造法 |
JPS6296640A (ja) * | 1985-10-23 | 1987-05-06 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 微細再結晶粒を有するアルミニウム合金 |
JPS6296638A (ja) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-05-06 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | リ−ドフレ−ム用アルミニウム合金 |
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JPH04147935A (ja) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-05-21 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | ろう付け性の良好な高強度Al合金 |
JPH0747806B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-20 | 1995-05-24 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 高強度アルミニウム合金押出形材の製造方法 |
JPH0747808B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-18 | 1995-05-24 | スカイアルミニウム株式会社 | 成形性および焼付硬化性に優れたアルミニウム合金板の製造方法 |
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EP0801139B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-10 | 1999-12-29 | Alusuisse Technology & Management AG | Elément de construction |
-
1996
- 1996-05-22 EP EP96810325A patent/EP0808911A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-16 AT AT97920475T patent/ATE205261T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-16 AU AU26881/97A patent/AU2688197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-16 EP EP97920475A patent/EP0902842B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-16 WO PCT/CH1997/000193 patent/WO1997044501A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-16 ES ES97920475T patent/ES2162285T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-16 US US09/194,294 patent/US6685782B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-16 DE DE59704542T patent/DE59704542D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-19 ZA ZA9704318A patent/ZA974318B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1325565A (fr) † | 1962-06-21 | 1963-04-26 | Sulzer Ag | Procédé et dispositif de façonnage à froid de corps profilés creux |
FR2273077A1 (en) † | 1974-05-31 | 1975-12-26 | Cegedur | Shock-resistant, deformable aluminium alloy extrusions - contg. silicon and magnesium and suitable for crash barriers and car bumpers |
EP0787217B1 (fr) † | 1994-10-25 | 1998-05-13 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Procede de fabrication de produits en alliage alsimgcu a resistance amelioree a la corrosion intercristalline |
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DIN EN 515, DEUTSCHE NORM, 1993 † |
Evans D. W. und Aucote J., "The Influence of Silicon Content and Copper, Iron and Manganese Additions on the Relationship between Structure and Toughness in Aluminium-Magnesium-Silicon Alloys" ET 84: Extrusion Productivity through Automation, Vol. 1, Atlanta, 24-26 April 1984, 10 Seiten † |
Hufnagel W., "Aluminium-Taschenbuch", 14. Auflage, 1983, Aluminium- Verlag, Düsseldorf, Deutschland, Seiten 1040-1041, 140-141 † |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007012894A1 (de) * | 2007-03-17 | 2008-04-03 | Daimler Ag | Verwendung eines Schweißzusatzwerkstoffs und Bauelement für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
EP2072628A1 (fr) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | Aleris Aluminum Bonn GmbH | Alliage d'aluminium haute résistance résistant aux collisions |
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DE59704542D1 (de) | 2001-10-11 |
ATE205261T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
ZA974318B (en) | 1998-01-30 |
EP0902842A1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 |
US6685782B1 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
AU2688197A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
EP0808911A1 (fr) | 1997-11-26 |
EP0902842B1 (fr) | 2001-09-05 |
ES2162285T3 (es) | 2001-12-16 |
WO1997044501A1 (fr) | 1997-11-27 |
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