EP0899422A1 - Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel - Google Patents

Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0899422A1
EP0899422A1 EP97810624A EP97810624A EP0899422A1 EP 0899422 A1 EP0899422 A1 EP 0899422A1 EP 97810624 A EP97810624 A EP 97810624A EP 97810624 A EP97810624 A EP 97810624A EP 0899422 A1 EP0899422 A1 EP 0899422A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
area
tunnel
lock
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810624A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0899422B1 (fr
Inventor
Riccardo Dr. Bernasconi
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT97810624T priority Critical patent/ATE254238T1/de
Priority to EP97810624A priority patent/EP0899422B1/fr
Priority to DE59711002T priority patent/DE59711002D1/de
Priority to US09/145,389 priority patent/US6089791A/en
Priority to JP10248314A priority patent/JPH11131972A/ja
Publication of EP0899422A1 publication Critical patent/EP0899422A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0899422B1 publication Critical patent/EP0899422B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for Creation of a walkable and / or navigable tunnel in one Mountains with water pressure, by which method by Mechanical quarrying of a tunnel underground driven, the mined rock removed and the Tunnel is sealed against the water pressure.
  • Water pressures especially high water pressures, such as those expected at the level of the projected Gotthard base tunnel in the Pioramulde at a height of approx. 130 x 10 5 Pa, pose major problems for tunnel construction. This applies all the more if the mountains are poorly compactable and have a low stability, as in the example given.
  • the water pressure poses a huge threat to the miners, since the ingress of water can very quickly put the tunnel under water. Lowering the water pressure to reduce this risk can be very difficult depending on the permeability of the problematic mountain zone and represents a huge intervention in the natural hydraulic balance of the mountain range, the effects of which cannot be estimated.
  • this is achieved in that the degradation and the removal of the rock and the sealing of the Stollen under approximately the water pressure of the mountains appropriate back pressure is carried out in the gallery. Thereby the water pressure in the mountains remains untouched and thereby the water balance is also essentially unchanged. The The risk of water ingress in the tunnels is reduced and the extent of the resulting damage within limits held. If the back pressure in one of the tunnels largely filling liquid, especially water the risk of water ingress is completely eliminated, especially since the hydraulic pressure is neutralized. The tunnel therefore does not have to be sealed in the tunneling phase be. This can seal the stud from Tunnel, and therefore under favorable spatial Conditions happen. The higher the water pressure in the mountains is, the more pressure builds up in a liquid to prefer air pressure.
  • a first tunnel tube e.g. a Tübing outer ring, be installed under high pressure conditions in order to to secure the tunnel continuously with the advance.
  • the tunnel is advantageous under high pressure conditions sealed. This is conveniently done by one dimensioned according to the hydrostatic pressure Stud inner ring. This can e.g. made of pump concrete within the first to receive lithostatic printing Tunnel tube can be created.
  • the back pressure in the gallery is advantageously higher than that Water pressure in the problematic mountains designed to a To prevent the inflow of mountain water. This will prevents the mountain water from mountain material in the Tunnels are washed up and cloudiness becomes against the tunnel walls and therefore washed out of sight.
  • the liquid filling the gallery is advantageous in circulated to clean them of turbidity.
  • the return flow is expediently the circulating one Liquid cleaned of cloudy contaminants and the cleaned liquid is pumped back into the gallery.
  • the cleaning of the liquid advantageously takes place in atmospheric environment and becomes the purified liquid pumped into the gallery using high-pressure pumps. This can the resulting sludge under atmospheric conditions to be disposed of. Also adding additives such as Flocculants for precipitating cloudiness or Sealant for sealing the stud can be under atmospheric conditions.
  • the mined rock is advantageous in the high pressure area crushed and piped into the atmospheric Area transported. This means that for the Material removal the locks are not operated and the pressure drop can be exploited to transport to support the material to be removed.
  • the first tunnel tube is expediently removed during the Jacking made up of pipe sections consisting of several Parts, so-called tubing elements, can be assembled.
  • This method enables the construction of the Tunnel tube made of prefabricated pipe pieces, which from behind through the built tunnel tube to the front end of the tunnel tube to be transported.
  • the liquid advantageously becomes a flocculant added to flocculate turbidity as quickly as possible and a to achieve high transparency of the liquid. This will the visual surveillance of the work is less hampered.
  • the liquid in a tunnel piece is advantageous supercooled and thereby iced over to the pressurized Adit in the problematic mountain zone from the secured and accessible under atmospheric conditions Separate tunnel area. This makes it possible to shut off the high pressure area with means that none mechanical operability of the gates is required. It can thereby overhauling the gates as a whole or even new be set up.
  • the liquid is advantageous for emptying the lock pumped out of the lock into a correspondingly large room or left, and to fill the lock the liquid left or pumped out of the room into the lock.
  • the considerable Amount of liquid cannot be drained off, on the other hand the lock does not have to go through the high pressure pumps when filling be filled. It can cause fluid, time and energy be saved.
  • FIG. 1 is a tunnel section in a schematic Section shown.
  • the tunnel 13 has three areas: the atmospheric area 17, the lock area 19 and the high pressure area 21.
  • the high pressure area 21 is partly in the stable mountains 11, partly in the problematic Mountain zone 15 and is driven by the tunnel 13 enlarged.
  • Of the atmospheric area 17 is accessible by mining.
  • Of the High-pressure area 21, however, is filled with water 25.
  • the Lock 26 is halfway between the gates 23 and 23 'with water 25 shown filled.
  • the lock area 19 is included Water 25 can be filled and pressurized to counteract it To be able to open high pressure area 21.
  • the lock area 19 can also be emptied and the pressure in the lock area 19 equalizable to match the atmospheric range 17 to be able to open.
  • the water 25 is guided in a circuit 32.
  • the Water circuit 32 can have a high pressure area 32 'on the Driving side of the tunnel 13 and an area 32 '' lower pressure in the atmospheric area of the gallery 13 exhibit.
  • the water pressure in the high pressure area is due to High pressure pumps 33 built. These pump the water 25 over the line 35 in the pressurized water Tunnel area 21. Water 25 flows from line 39 High pressure area 21 back to atmospheric area 17. With a valve 41, the pressure is reduced at most.
  • This back-flowing water 25 has impurities, which in the settling or cleaning containers 31, 31 ' getting cleaned.
  • a fresh water supply line is connected to the circuit 32 43 connected to any Compensate for water loss. The fresh water comes with a Pump, not shown, pumped into the circuit.
  • Water 25 is filled with a pump 42 to fill the lock 26 from a chamber 44 which the water 25 of the Lock area 19 summarizes, via the line 45 in this Area filled in.
  • the air escapes from the lock 26 via line 46 into chamber 44.
  • the valves 48,48 ' closed.
  • the lock 26 pressurized until the pressure in the high pressure area 21 corresponds.
  • the Valve 53 reduces the water pressure in the return line 51 the cleaning containers 31, 31 'and build the pumps 33 the pressure in the high pressure area 32 'of the lock Circuit 32 on.
  • the print can also have one with one Valve lockable connecting line between the High pressure area 21 and the lock area 19 constructed become.
  • a gate 23 '' (shown in dashed lines) is in the High pressure area 21 is provided. If one of the gates 23, 23 ' fail, the defective gate can be replaced with the 23 '' gate and the lock area 19 relocated between the gates 23 'and 23' ' or extended to the area between the gates 23 and 23 '' become. However, this also requires the necessary Connections for water management 25, the Power supply and control in the appropriate Areas are provided which are not shown in FIG. 1 are shown.
  • the tunnel advance i.e. the quarrying of the rock 11.15 and the installation of tunnel tube pieces 71 can be tried and tested Way done.
  • machines such as the drill 73, the Transport devices 47,47 ', the transfer machine for the Tunnel pipes and drilling and injection machines (not shown), remote controlled to the necessity of the Avoid people in high pressure area 21.
  • the machines 73, 47, 47 ' are controlled by atmospheric range. Many processes are through one Computer in the machine 73,47,47 'robotically controllable and only have to be monitored from a control center 29.
  • the machine 73, 47, 47 'can operate from the control center 29 can also be controlled and corrected in a targeted manner.
  • There is one Good visibility in the high pressure area 21 is an advantage.
  • Video cameras 75 on the drill 73 take up the environment. Your Images are sent via a line 77 to the control center 29 transmitted.
  • the information and control commands can e.g. also via radio or other electromagnetic waves be transmitted.
  • To combat the turbidity 63 of the water 25 a flocculant is added to this.
  • the supervision the processes in the high pressure area 29 can e.g. also by means of Echosounder or radar technology happen to even stronger ones Cloudiness 63 to be able to work.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic floor plan of a possible Arrangement of two parallel lugs 13 'and 13' '.
  • the tunnel 13 ' ends within the stable rock 11, the tunnel 13 '' is up into the problematic mountain zone 15 advanced.
  • Both studs 13 ', 13' ' have one atmospheric area 17, a lock area 19 and a high-pressure area 21, with the tunnel 13 ' High pressure area 21 is not under pressure, but against the atmospheric area is open.
  • the atmospheric Areas 17 of both studs 13 ', 13' ' are over one Connection studs 79 connected.
  • At this connecting tunnel 79 and between the two tunnels 13 ', 13' ' is a cavern 80 affiliated for technical support.
  • In this Caverns 80 are, for example, the energy supply 27 Central 29 for monitoring and controlling the machines that Cleaning container 31,31 'and others from people too operating devices to support the construction work in the High pressure area 21 and the transport through the Lock area 19 housed.
  • the tunnel 13 ' is not in the problematic mountain zone driven, it is not yet under the influence of the the high water pressure prevailing there.
  • the stable rock 11 protects the stud 13 'from the water pressure. Therefore can the gates 81, 85, 87 are open as shown and also 21 atmospheric conditions prevail in the high pressure region.
  • the cleat 13 ′′ has the same structure as the cleat 13 'on. With three gates 81 ', 87', 85 'are two locks 83 ', 89' between the atmospheric area 17 and the High pressure area 21 is formed. The second lock 89 'points a side gallery 97 '.
  • the tunnel tunnel 91 ' has a side lug 99 '. In contrast to the tunnel 13 'is the tunnel 13' 'into the problematic mountain zone 15 advanced. Therefore at least one of the gates has to be 81 ', 87', 85 'closed and the high pressure region 21 with Water 25 should be filled.
  • the lock 83 ' can in this state be filled or emptied.
  • the water to fill the Lock 83 in gallery 13 ' is the same as the water for Filling the lock 83 'in the tunnel 13' ', i.e. it fills either lock 83 or lock 83 '.
  • the cooling lines are another safety precaution 95.95 'in the icing areas 93.93'. In critical This precaution does not pose another situation mechanical closure of the studs 13 ', 13' 'available. This closure of the stud 13 ', 13' 'by icing the Icing area 93.93 'enables e.g. if spilled the lock area 19 a repair of the locks 83.83 ', 89.89' and the lock gates 81.87.85.81 ', 87', 85 '.
  • the tunnel 9 ' is in the area of problematic Mountain zone 15 with prefabricated pipe elements 71 ' lined. These are according to the rock pressure designed and secure the tunnel 13 '' against rock break-ins.
  • a reinforcing and sealing jacket is around 105 created. Thanks to the 13 '' stud in the definite size, stands for that necessary drilling and injection work a lot of space Available. The drilling or injection machines 107 can therefore work at a large angle to the tunnel axis, what shortens the necessary drilling length.
  • the finished tunnel is in one section shown.
  • the first tunnel tube 104 was from Tübingringen 71 'compiled during tunneling. This forms one Temporary support of the mountains 15. This was followed by under high pressure conditions the inner ring 108 made of pumped concrete installed, which withstands the water pressure, even if the Tunnel tube is open against the atmospheric area. The sealing happens e.g. with a waterproofing membrane between Tübing and inner ring.
  • Tunnel tubes 104 and 108 After piercing the cleat 13 '' and finishing the Tunnel tubes 104 and 108 are the machines from the Tunnel tube 108 in the problematic mountain zone 15 removed and the pressure in the tunnel becomes slow and controlled degradation. Changes in tunnel tube 108 are monitored. In the event of water ingress, the pressure can immediately raised again, the damage thereafter under Fixed high pressure conditions and reinforced the leak and be sealed. After successfully reducing the pressure in tunnel tube 108 may be under atmospheric conditions the final expansion begins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
EP97810624A 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel Expired - Lifetime EP0899422B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97810624T ATE254238T1 (de) 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Verfahren zur erstellung eines tunnels
EP97810624A EP0899422B1 (fr) 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel
DE59711002T DE59711002D1 (de) 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Verfahren zur Erstellung eines Tunnels
US09/145,389 US6089791A (en) 1997-09-02 1998-09-01 Tunnel construction method
JP10248314A JPH11131972A (ja) 1997-09-02 1998-09-02 トンネル構築方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810624A EP0899422B1 (fr) 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0899422A1 true EP0899422A1 (fr) 1999-03-03
EP0899422B1 EP0899422B1 (fr) 2003-11-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97810624A Expired - Lifetime EP0899422B1 (fr) 1997-09-02 1997-09-02 Procédé pour la construction d'un tunnel

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6089791A (fr)
EP (1) EP0899422B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11131972A (fr)
AT (1) ATE254238T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59711002D1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005111317A1 (fr) 2004-05-12 2005-11-24 Bouygues Travaux Publics Procede et dispositif pour construire un tunnel immerge sur un sol sous-marin
CN109184716A (zh) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-11 严小英 一种盾构机刀盘的外置掘进组件
IT202200008171A1 (it) 2022-04-26 2023-10-26 Mario Burigo Metodo innovativo per la costruzione di tunnel sommersi

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101975066B (zh) * 2010-10-09 2013-01-23 河南省煤层气开发利用有限公司 煤岩巷快速掘进的方法
JP6416612B2 (ja) * 2014-12-17 2018-10-31 西松建設株式会社 止水方法および壁体の構築方法
CN107194136B (zh) * 2017-07-31 2020-09-22 中国水利水电第七工程局成都水电建设工程有限公司 一种适用于多地层浅埋隧道的围岩压力计算方法
CN107939408A (zh) * 2017-10-26 2018-04-20 燕山大学 一种隧道挖掘并联驱动装置

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE93519C (fr) *
DE87157C (fr) *
DE2926288A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-22 Wayss & Freytag Ag Verfahren zum bodenabbau bei schildvortrieben mit fluessigkeitsgeschuetzter ortsbrust und vortriebsschild zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
NL8002451A (nl) * 1980-04-25 1981-11-16 Stevin Volker Civil Eng Werkwijze en werktuig voor het boren van tunnels.
JPH0258697A (ja) * 1988-08-23 1990-02-27 Komatsu Ltd 水圧バランス式圧送排土シールド工法及びシールド掘進機
WO1992022732A1 (fr) * 1991-06-17 1992-12-23 The Robbins Company Tunnelier possedant un systeme de faible ecoulement de boues liquides a equilibrage de liquide
FR2679959A1 (fr) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-05 Gtm Btp Procede pour regler la pression dans la partie amont d'un tunnelier a pression de terre, et dispositif pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede.
GB2263490A (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 Ohbayashi Corp Mechanical shield driving method using foaming agent
EP0580510A1 (fr) * 1992-07-22 1994-01-26 Sika S.A. Procédé, équipement et dispositif de génération et d'injection de mousse pour le creusement de sol

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US360959A (en) * 1887-04-12 Apparatus for excavating tunnels
DE1409904A1 (de) * 1962-04-12 1968-10-17 Lorenz Dr Ing H Verfahren zum Herstellen von Ausbruechen in wasserfuehrendem Erdreich mittels eines Vortriebschildes
JPS5332932A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-03-28 Tekken Constr Co Automatic controller of facing water pressure
DE2801616C3 (de) * 1978-01-14 1980-07-17 Weiss U. Co. Gmbh, 4200 Oberhausen verfahren zum Auffahren von Strecken oder Tunneln in wasserführenden Fließböden unter Verwendung eines Druckluft-Vortriebsschildes
DE3533425C1 (de) * 1985-09-19 1986-10-30 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Stuetzfluessigkeitsdruckregelung fuer eine Schildvortriebsmaschine
CN1008827B (zh) * 1987-05-01 1990-07-18 霍蒂夫股份公司霍夫曼兄弟公司 挡土罩
DE3929393C1 (fr) * 1989-09-02 1990-11-29 Howaldtswerke - Deutsche Werft Ag, 2300 Kiel, De
JP2657716B2 (ja) * 1991-02-21 1997-09-24 厚一 植村 オープンシールド掘進機の止水装置

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE93519C (fr) *
DE87157C (fr) *
DE2926288A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-22 Wayss & Freytag Ag Verfahren zum bodenabbau bei schildvortrieben mit fluessigkeitsgeschuetzter ortsbrust und vortriebsschild zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
NL8002451A (nl) * 1980-04-25 1981-11-16 Stevin Volker Civil Eng Werkwijze en werktuig voor het boren van tunnels.
JPH0258697A (ja) * 1988-08-23 1990-02-27 Komatsu Ltd 水圧バランス式圧送排土シールド工法及びシールド掘進機
WO1992022732A1 (fr) * 1991-06-17 1992-12-23 The Robbins Company Tunnelier possedant un systeme de faible ecoulement de boues liquides a equilibrage de liquide
FR2679959A1 (fr) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-05 Gtm Btp Procede pour regler la pression dans la partie amont d'un tunnelier a pression de terre, et dispositif pour la mise en óoeuvre de ce procede.
GB2263490A (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 Ohbayashi Corp Mechanical shield driving method using foaming agent
EP0580510A1 (fr) * 1992-07-22 1994-01-26 Sika S.A. Procédé, équipement et dispositif de génération et d'injection de mousse pour le creusement de sol

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BARBARA STACK: "handbook of mining and tunnelling machinery", 1966, A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION, NEW YORK, XP002053547 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 231 (M - 0974) 16 May 1990 (1990-05-16) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005111317A1 (fr) 2004-05-12 2005-11-24 Bouygues Travaux Publics Procede et dispositif pour construire un tunnel immerge sur un sol sous-marin
US7766579B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2010-08-03 Bouygues Travaux Publics Process and device for building a tunnel immersed on a sub-sea soil
CN109184716A (zh) * 2018-11-12 2019-01-11 严小英 一种盾构机刀盘的外置掘进组件
IT202200008171A1 (it) 2022-04-26 2023-10-26 Mario Burigo Metodo innovativo per la costruzione di tunnel sommersi
WO2023209744A1 (fr) 2022-04-26 2023-11-02 Mario Burigo Tunnels immergés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11131972A (ja) 1999-05-18
US6089791A (en) 2000-07-18
DE59711002D1 (de) 2003-12-18
EP0899422B1 (fr) 2003-11-12
ATE254238T1 (de) 2003-11-15

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