EP0898120A1 - Combustion equipment and method of judging life of combustion equipment - Google Patents

Combustion equipment and method of judging life of combustion equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0898120A1
EP0898120A1 EP97918384A EP97918384A EP0898120A1 EP 0898120 A1 EP0898120 A1 EP 0898120A1 EP 97918384 A EP97918384 A EP 97918384A EP 97918384 A EP97918384 A EP 97918384A EP 0898120 A1 EP0898120 A1 EP 0898120A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
count
predetermined
lifetime
combustion apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97918384A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Naoyuki Gastar Co. Ltd. TAKESHITA
Masanori Gastar Co. Ltd. ENOMOTO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gastar Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Gastar Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gastar Co Ltd filed Critical Gastar Co Ltd
Publication of EP0898120A1 publication Critical patent/EP0898120A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/30—Representation of working time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion apparatus having a carbon monoxide density sensor, and a method for determining the lifetime of such a combustion apparatus.
  • a conventional combustion apparatus of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 1-295374 covering the determination of a combustion state.
  • the combustion apparatus employs a carbon monoxide density sensor (hereinafter referred to as a CO sensor) to detect the density of the carbon monoxide (hereinafter referred to as CO) contained in exhaust gas exhausted by combustion, and to determine whether an abnormal combustion condition exists, compares the acquired CO density with an abnormality limit value corresponding to the quantity of fuel supplied. When the CO density exceeds the abnormality limit value, an alarm is generated by the combustion apparatus, or when it is ascertained that an abnormal combustion condition exists, the operation of the combustion apparatus is forcibly stopped.
  • CO sensor carbon monoxide density sensor
  • an increase in the density of the CO in exhaust gases may not necessarily be caused by deterioration, due to an obstruction or the blockage of an air intake or due to a worn out flue ventilation system or heat exchanger, of an apparatus itself. That is, an increase in the CO density could be attributable to a blockage resulting from a bent or damaged ventilation pipe, or to an adverse employment environment condition, such as a strong wind, during which there is an inadequate exhaustion of exhaust gases.
  • a strong wind can produce an inadequate exhaustion condition which, even when no apparent abnormality in the combustion apparatus is discerned, tends to produce an increase in the CO density.
  • a combustion apparatus comprising:
  • a combustion apparatus comprising:
  • the combustion apparatus when the combustion apparatus is operated at high power by the supply of a large volume of fuel, the revolution rate of a combustion fan is high, and the above described abnormal combustion, which may be attributed to the effect of wind, seldom occurs. Therefore, the expiration of the lifetime of the combustion apparatus can be precisely determined by employing the CO density which is detected when the operating power of the combustion is high. It is, then, preferable that the reference volume of fuel which is supplied be close to the maximum volume of fuel which can be supplied, and that the reference volume be, for example, 80% of the maximum volume.
  • a third arrangement of the present invention in the combustion apparatus of the first or the second arrangement, wherein the controller forcibly reduces a maximum volume of the supplied fuel when the detected density exceeds a first density, and the controller stops the combustion when the detected density exceeds a second density during the combustion under the condition that the maximum volume of the supplied fuel is reduced.
  • the useful life of the combustion apparatus can be extended without a determination of the expected lifetime being required.
  • a combustion apparatus 10 according to this embodiment of the present invention is installed indoors, as is shown in Fig. 1. Exhaust gases generated by the combustion apparatus 10 during combustion are exhausted to the outside via an exhaust path 19.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the combustion apparatus 10.
  • a burner 13 is located in the lower portion of a combustion chamber 11 in the combustion apparatus 10, and a combustion fan 12 for air ventilation is located under the burner 13.
  • a rotation sensor (not shown) is provided to detect the rotational state of the combustion fan 12.
  • a heat exchanger 14 is located in the upper portion of the combustion chamber 11.
  • a water pipe (not shown) is connected, for example, to the inlet of the heat exchanger 14, and a hot-water pipe (not shown) is connected to the outlet.
  • the burner 13 includes a gas nozzle 22 and a nozzle holder 23, a gas pipe 26 which is connected to the burner 13 via a proportioning valve 24, the degree of opening of which is controlled by an actuator 27, and a solenoid valve 25 which can be opened and closed.
  • a gap is defined between the gas inlet of the burner 13 and the distal end of the gas nozzle 22, so that air used for combustion can be supplied.
  • the exhausted path 19 communicates with the topmost portion of the combustion chamber 11 to introduce a flue located outside the apparatus, and provided in the exhausted path 19 is a CO sensor 48.
  • the CO sensor 48 is a catalytic combustion gas detector which is satisfactorily sensitive and reliable. Specifically, the CO sensor 48 is formed by winding fine platinum wires to form a coil and coating the coil with aluminum, and employs a phenomenon whereof the electric resistance of platinum is increased when an inflammable gas such as CO contacts it and is burned.
  • the CO sensor 48 may consist of a bridge-shaped component, for a detector assembly, which is formed by coating or impregnating a noble metal catalyst with aluminum, and a compensator which does not react with gas. Further, a semiconductor sensor which employs a change in the electric resistance of gas may be employed as the CO sensor 48.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a control unit 30 provided for the combustion apparatus 10.
  • the control unit 30 includes a controller C, a memory 31, and a processor 32.
  • the control unit 30, via a power amplifier 33 and the actuator 27, drives the proportioning valve 24 and controls the volume of supplied fuel.
  • the control unit 30 drives the combustion fan 12 via a power amplifier 34 and an actuator 37, and controls the volume of the air supplied for combustion.
  • the controller C receives a signal from the CO sensor 48, and in accordance with this signal, transmits to the actuator, etc., a control signal for controlling the various types of combustion.
  • a control program for controlling the combustion apparatus 10 and various constants (which will be described later) used to determine the expected lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 in accordance with a detected CO density value (hereinafter referred to as a CO value).
  • a CO value a detected CO density value
  • a ROM and a RAM or a rewritable EEPROM.
  • the processor 32 performs a process for determining the expected lifetime, which will be described later, based on a signal received from the CO sensor 48 via the controller C and on the various constants stored in the memory 31.
  • the control unit 30 is preferably a microcomputer.
  • the CO sensor 48 measures the density of the CO generated during combustion, and in accordance with the detected CO value, the control unit 30 examines the combustion performance and the expected lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10, and controls the combustion in accordance with the combustion performance.
  • the control unit 30 ascertains whether an abnormal combustion has occurred, and employs the frequency of the occurrence of abnormal combustion as a reference for determining the combustion performance and the expiration of the lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10.
  • the abnormality value is a CO value which is equal to or larger than a predetermined density, i.e., the average of the values of the CO which is output every 10 seconds over the course of a two-minute CO sensor detection cycle.
  • a predetermined density i.e., the average of the values of the CO which is output every 10 seconds over the course of a two-minute CO sensor detection cycle.
  • Such an abnormality value is, for example, 700 ppm.
  • the processor 32 of the control unit 30 compares the CO value obtained by the CO sensor 48 with the abnormality value which is stored in advance in the memory 31.
  • the controller C transmits a signal to the power amplifier 34, and via the actuator 37 increases the revolution rate of the combustion fan 12 to supply a larger volume of air to the burner 13.
  • the condition wherein a larger volume of air is supplied is hereinafter called a "combustion improvement mode".
  • the value of a first flag F1 which is set for the control unit 30, is changed to "1", and is maintained at this value until combustion is stopped, in accordance with the relationship between the revolution rate of the combustion fan 12, which supplies the larger volume of air, and the combustion rate.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the volume of gas which is supplied and the revolution rate of the combustion fan during combustion in the combustion improvement mode and in the normal mode.
  • the revolution rate of the combustion fan is increased for combustion for which the same volume of gas is supplied.
  • the value held by the flag F1 is changed to "0".
  • the CO value is again compared with the abnormality value.
  • the rise in the value of the CO in the exhaust gases is due to the deterioration of the performance of the apparatus, such as a blockage of the ventilation system or a worn out heat exchanger 14, or to the bending of or damage to the ventilation pipes.
  • a rise in the value of the CO also occurs when exhaustion is not satisfactorily performed because of a strong wind in the installation environment.
  • the combustion apparatus is operating at its minimum power because only a small amount of fuel is being supplied, the CO density is increased when exhaustion is insufficient due to wind, and abnormal combustion tends to occur.
  • the control unit 30 examines the combustion performance and the expected lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 by using the frequency at which abnormal combustion occurs during high power combustion, i.e., during a combustion period when the volume of the gas which is supplied is equal to or larger than a predetermined reference volume which is near the maximum volume (e.g., 80% or greater than the maximum gas volume). At this time, since combustion using the reference gas volume or more could be temporarily performed because of the variance in the combustion capability, it is preferable that the frequency at which abnormal combustion occurs be obtained when combustion using the reference gas volume or greater is continued for a predetermined combustion period or longer.
  • a first reference is set for the control unit 30.
  • the first reference consists of a combination, for example, of a volume of gas supplied for combustion and a combustion period of time, the volume of gas which is supplied being close to the maximum volume.
  • the supplied gas volume for the first reference would be 24,000 kcal/h and the combustion time period would be two minutes.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the combustion state in a count of combustion, wherein the horizontal axis represents the time while the vertical axis represents the volume of the gas which is supplied.
  • the combustion state under the first reference or higher was performed twice, as is indicated by time periods G and I.
  • the value held by the second flag F2 is changed to "1" at combustion time G.
  • the value held by the second flag F2 is maintained at "1".
  • the value held by the second flag F2 is unchanged.
  • the probability is increased that it will be possible for the combustion apparatus 10 to determine that the cause of a rise in the density in exhaust gases of the CO generated by abnormal combustion is a blockage of the ventilation system or of the heat exchanger 14.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart for the embodiment of the present invention. It is preferable that this processing be stored as a control program in the memory 31 of the control unit 30, which is a microcomputer.
  • a control program in the memory 31 of the control unit 30, which is a microcomputer.
  • S1 when an operation switch is depressed (S1), a hot-water tap (not shown) is opened and a flow sensor (not shown) detects a predetermined flow rate or higher and is turned on (S2). Combustion is then started.
  • the combustion mode differs in accordance with a determination number M stored in the memory 31, which will be described later.
  • the determination number M is smaller than 25
  • normal operation during which the maximum combustion power of the combustion apparatus 10 is not limited is performed (S4A).
  • the limited power operation is performed during which the combustion power of the combustion apparatus 10 is the maximum (S4B).
  • the maximum gas volume is limited to 20,000 kcal/h during the limited power operation.
  • the CO density detected by the CO sensor 48 is equal to or larger than the abnormal value (S8), and when at step S9 the value held by the first flag F1 is "0", the mode is changed to the combustion improvement mode.
  • the reason for determining at step S9 whether the value held by the first flag F1 is "1" is that the mode need not be changed when the operation in the combustion improvement mode has already been started.
  • a "1" is set to the first flag F1
  • a count L is counted (S10).
  • the counted combustion improvement mode count L is stored in the memory 31.
  • a check is performed to determine whether the current combustion improvement mode count L is equal to or larger than a first detection number L1 (S14).
  • the first detection number L1 is 6.
  • a determination count M is counted by one (S15).
  • the determination count M is stored in the memory 31.
  • the determination count M is a parameter which is counted when the CO value, which is detected while the combustion apparatus 10 performs combustion at a high power, tends to be equal to or larger than an abnormality value. Therefore, as will be described later, the lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 is examined based on the determination count M, so that the expiration of the lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 can be determined accurately.
  • step S15 the determination count M is counted, the values held by the combustion count K and the combustion improvement mode count L stored in the memory 31 are reset (S16). As is described above, each time the combustion count K reaches 10, the combustion improvement mode count L is read from the memory 31, and when the count L is equal to or larger than the first detection number L1, the determination count M is counted.
  • the determination count M is equal to or smaller than the first determination number M1 and is equal to or larger than a second determination number M2 (e.g., 25), which is smaller than the first determination number M1 (S19)
  • a second determination number M2 e.g. 25
  • the maximum degree to which the proportioning valve 24 is opened is limited, as is the maximum volume of gas supplied to the combustion apparatus 10, so that combustion is performed in accordance with the limited power operation (step S20).
  • the maximum volume of gas supplied during a limited power operation is limited to 20,000 kcal/h.
  • the combustion improvement mode count L is equal to or smaller than the first detection number L1 and larger than the second detection number L2 (e.g., 2) (S21), it is assumed that there has been no deterioration of the performance of the combustion apparatus 10, Therefore, the determination count M is not counted, and the combustion count K and the combustion improvement mode count L stored in the memory 31 are reset (S13).
  • the combustion improvement mode count L is smaller than the second detection number L2, it is assumed that the mode has been changed to the combustion improvement mode, not because of the deterioration of the combustion performance of the combustion apparatus 10 but because of a disturbance, such as sudden wind. If there is deterioration of the combustion performance of the combustion apparatus 10, the mode tends to be switched to the combustion improvement mode and the combustion improvement mode count L is increased, while in the normal combustion state, the mode is seldom changed to the combustion improvement mode only because of a temporary combustion deterioration attributable to the wind and the combustion improvement mode count L is small.
  • the determination count M is smaller than the second determination number M2 (e.g., 25), i.e., during a normal operation, the determination count M is reset (S23).
  • the control unit 30 performs the same processing, for combustion under the second reference or higher instead of under the first reference, which is set in advance in the control unit 30 as a combination of a combustion time period and a volume of gas, supplied for combustion, which is close to the maximum volume of gas (20,000 kcal/h) supplied during the limited power operation.
  • the volume of gas supplied is defined as 16,000 kcal/h while the maximum gas volume supplied is 200,000 kcal/h, and the continuous combustion time period is two minutes.
  • the combustion count P for combustion under the second reference or higher is counted, and the combustion improvement mode count L is also counted.
  • the combustion count P for example 10
  • the combustion improvement mode count L acquired during ten counts of combustion are compared with a third detection number L3 and a fourth detection number L4, both of which are stored in advance in the memory 31.
  • the third and the fourth detection numbers L3 and L4 may be the same as the first and the second detection numbers L1 and L2. Since the effect produced by wind is great in a limited power operation during which the revolution rate of the combustion fan is reduced, the third and the fourth detection numbers L3 and L4 may be larger than L1 and L2, or may otherwise differ from them.
  • the determination count M is counted by one.
  • the determination count M will be counted (S15).
  • the determination count M is not counted and the same count is maintained, while the combustion count P and the combustion improvement mode count L are reset.
  • the determination count M is set to 25, which is the count held by the second determination number M2 (S24).
  • the control unit 30 Ascertains that the lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 has expired, and forcibly stops the operation of the combustion apparatus 10 (S18).
  • either the combustion power of a combustion apparatus 10 is changed in accordance with the occurrence of a blockage of the ventilation system and the heat exchanger 14, or the operation of the combustion apparatus 10 is forcibly stopped, so that operational safety is ensured and so that a user can very easily understand that the lifetime of the combustion apparatus 10 has expired.
  • a plurality of reference combustion rates are set so that a determination count is counted by one each time combustion under 30,000 kcal/h to 20,000 kcal/h occurs; that the determination count M is counted by 0.2 each time combustion under 20,000 kcal/h to 10,000 kcal/h occurs; and that the determination count M is counted by 0.01 each time combustion under 10,000 kcal/h to 5,000 kcal/h occurs.
  • the determination count is counted by one; and if a CO density of 100 ppm is generated for ten minutes while combustion is taking place at almost the minimum combustion power, the determination count M is also counted by one.
  • a combustion apparatus in an outdoor environment where the effect of wind is not a factor, can determine whether a CO density value is abnormal. Therefore, the expiration of the lifetime of the combustion apparatus can be determined by using an accurate CO density value.
  • a combustion apparatus when the CO density value exceeds a predetermined value, a combustion apparatus can continue to be operated while the maximum volume of gas which is supplied is limited. Therefore, the lifetime of the apparatus can be extended without an unnecessary lifetime determination process being required.
  • the expiration of the lifetime of a combustion apparatus can be precisely determined by using the determination count M.
  • the combustion apparatus of the present invention is very safe and economical, and efficient maintenance for it is ensured.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP97918384A 1996-05-09 1997-05-08 Combustion equipment and method of judging life of combustion equipment Withdrawn EP0898120A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP115153/96 1996-05-09
JP11515396A JP3667871B2 (ja) 1996-05-09 1996-05-09 燃焼機器および燃焼機器の寿命判断方法
PCT/JP1997/001545 WO1997042451A1 (fr) 1996-05-09 1997-05-08 Equipement a combustion et procede d'estimation de la duree de vie d'un equipement a combustion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0898120A1 true EP0898120A1 (en) 1999-02-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97918384A Withdrawn EP0898120A1 (en) 1996-05-09 1997-05-08 Combustion equipment and method of judging life of combustion equipment

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0898120A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3667871B2 (ja)
WO (1) WO1997042451A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013234795A (ja) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-21 Rinnai Corp 燃焼装置
EP3260777A1 (de) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-27 Bosch Termoteknik Isitma ve Klima Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Verfahren zur detektion einer blockade einer abgasabführung eines brennersystems und brennersystem

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2375646A (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-11-20 Monox Ltd Safety module for fuel-burning appliance, and appliance using such a safety module
CA3111102A1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-09-06 Wolf Steel Ltd. A control system for a fuel burning appliance and a method of operating such an appliance

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01189692A (ja) 1988-01-26 1989-07-28 Toshiba Corp 登録文字種のドットマトリクス変換方法
JP2775181B2 (ja) * 1989-11-14 1998-07-16 パロマ工業株式会社 燃焼機器の不完全燃焼検出装置
JP3318077B2 (ja) * 1993-11-11 2002-08-26 大阪瓦斯株式会社 燃焼機器の不完全燃焼検出装置
JP2975531B2 (ja) * 1994-06-02 1999-11-10 株式会社ハーマン 燃焼装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9742451A1 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013234795A (ja) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-21 Rinnai Corp 燃焼装置
EP3260777A1 (de) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-27 Bosch Termoteknik Isitma ve Klima Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Verfahren zur detektion einer blockade einer abgasabführung eines brennersystems und brennersystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09303768A (ja) 1997-11-28
JP3667871B2 (ja) 2005-07-06
WO1997042451A1 (fr) 1997-11-13

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