EP0883697A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur präparation und/oder beschichtung der oberflächen von hohlbauteilen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur präparation und/oder beschichtung der oberflächen von hohlbauteilenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0883697A1 EP0883697A1 EP97903375A EP97903375A EP0883697A1 EP 0883697 A1 EP0883697 A1 EP 0883697A1 EP 97903375 A EP97903375 A EP 97903375A EP 97903375 A EP97903375 A EP 97903375A EP 0883697 A1 EP0883697 A1 EP 0883697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- inner surfaces
- hollow
- components
- reaction gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 halide compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020004 porter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000012498 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040003878 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
- C23C10/48—Aluminising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/10—Pipe and tube inside
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/11—Pipe and tube outside
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for the preparation and / or coating of the surfaces of hollow metal components. which have at least two connecting openings between their outer and inner surfaces.
- EP 0349420 describes in particular for hollow blades in turbo engine construction
- reaction gas mixtures (I, II) by reaction gas sources for treating the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow components
- This method has the advantage that, with the same action of the reaction gases on the inner surfaces of the same hollow components, a greater homogenization of the reaction results compared to the previous methods, both for a preparation such as reduction of sulfide or oxide surface contaminations and for a coating of the inner surfaces with protective layers against oxidation, corrosion or sulfidation.
- the inner surfaces form channels, as are known in the case of hollow turbine or compressor blades, double the channel length can be cleaned or coated compared to cleaning and coating using conventional methods, since the reaction gases not only move the cavities in one direction, but from two opposite ones Can flow through directions in succession.
- the reaction gas mixtures (I. II) are composed of similar components, and the direction of flow of the reaction gases is changed several times over the surfaces of the hollow component by repeating steps b) and c).
- This interval method has the particular advantage that the projections and other obstacles are present on inner surfaces, and reduced effects, for example between the windward and leeward sides of the obstacles, can be eliminated.
- Another advantage is that higher flow velocities can be used since the wind and leeward effects are compensated for.
- At least one of the reaction gas sources provides reaction gases which are used to clean outer and inner surfaces, preferably halogen-containing gases.
- reaction gases which are used to clean outer and inner surfaces, preferably halogen-containing gases.
- chlorine- or fluorine-containing gases which have a caustic effect on the surfaces to be cleaned, have proven their worth.
- reaction gas sources do not always have to be of the same type.
- at least one of the reaction gas sources preferably supplies reaction gases which serve to reduce sulfidic or oxidic deposits on the outer or inner surfaces, preferably hydrogen-containing gases and which in a preferred direction provide the surfaces 4 flow around the components, while a different type of coating source acts in the direction set. Flushing gases for cleaning a system before treated components are removed from the system can flow around the surfaces in the reaction spaces in a preferred direction, for example to drive toxic components in the preferred direction. Furthermore, connecting holes between outer and inner
- Component surfaces as are known in turbine blades as film cooling bores, are kept free of undesired deposits and unwanted contaminants during a cooling phase after a coating process by an inert gas in the direction of the reaction gas mixture II from the inside to the outside via the connecting holes while the components flows through the cooling phase.
- the second reaction gas (II) can consequently be a coating reaction gas, such as preferably a chromating or alitizing reaction gas, a reducing gas, such as preferably a hydrogen-containing gas or an inert gas.
- a coating reaction gas such as preferably a chromating or alitizing reaction gas
- a reducing gas such as preferably a hydrogen-containing gas or an inert gas.
- the inert gas is preferably used in the heating or cooling phase.
- gases containing halide decompose on the metallic outer or inner surfaces of the hollow components into a metallic component which is deposited as a coating on the outer and inner surfaces and a halogen component which can be reused as an activator.
- gases containing halide decompose on the metallic outer or inner surfaces of the hollow components into a metallic component which is deposited as a coating on the outer and inner surfaces and a halogen component which can be reused as an activator.
- a device is specified with the features of claim 6.
- This device is suitable for the preparation and / or coating of the surfaces of metallic hollow components which have at least two connecting openings between their outer and inner surfaces.
- the device has a reaction container with an outer reaction space and a central holding tube.
- Removable, hollow support arms aligned radially to the holding tube are arranged on the holding tube. These can each hold at least one hollow component and usually carry up to 30 hollow components, a first connection opening of the components being connected to the outer reaction space and a second connection opening being connected to the interior of the holding tube via the hollow support.
- reaction gases from the outer reaction space flow first over the outer surfaces of the hollow components and then over the first connection opening to the inner surfaces of the hollow components. They are guided to the interior of the holding tube via the second connection opening in the hollow components and via the support arms. Conversely, the reaction gases from the interior of the holding tube via the support arms through the second connection opening of the component first over the inner surfaces and then through the first connection opening over the outer surfaces of the components in the outer
- This device has the advantage that the surfaces of the components can be flowed around in succession or alternately from two opposite directions.
- the removable support arms can be separated and equipped with hollow components outside the reaction spaces.
- the hollow components on the support arms can have different structures and are individually adapted to the support arms and gas-tightly connected to the hollow support arms with the second connection opening.
- Several support arms are then connected to the holding tube via uniform connection openings.
- These connections can be conical, spherical, flange-like or sleeve-shaped. They are preferably designed as hemispherical, releasable connections.
- the support arms are finally attached to a fir tree, the support tube, like a branch, the branch and tree trunk being hollow and the tree trunk being an internal reaction gas source can take up, which is thus advantageously separated from the outer reaction space. so that the surfaces of the hollow components can flow around from opposite directions.
- Reaction space between the carrier arms radially arranged to the holding tube outer pellet baskets fastened with a first reaction gas source material Reactipons gas source materials of this type are known for gas diffusion processes from US Pat. No. 5,071,678 and consist of halogen granules which are gaseous at high temperatures as an activator, metal donor granules and fibers such as granular metal oxides. They are advantageously suspended in the outer reaction chamber in the vicinity of the surfaces to be coated in granule baskets which are positioned between the carrier arms and, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, are arranged with the carrier arms in several layers one above the other on the holding tube. As a result, up to 1000 hollow components can advantageously be coated in one batch on their outer and inner surfaces.
- Such a device can also be expanded as desired and is suitable for mass production.
- a second reaction gas source material is preferably arranged in the interior of the holding tube in inner granule baskets.
- reaction source material can preferably also be used, so that, for example, chromium is predominantly deposited on the inner surfaces if the inner granule baskets carry a chromium-containing reaction gas source and a predominantly aluminum-containing coating is carried out on the outer surfaces when the outer granulate baskets in the outer reaction chamber have aluminum-containing donor granules.
- the holding tube is preferably located centrally on the bottom of the reaction vessel and the bottom of the reaction vessel has at least one first inlet or outlet opening for the outer reaction space and at least one second inlet or outlet opening for the interior of the holding tube.
- FIG. 1 shows a partial area of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of a layer made of granulate baskets and carrier arms of the device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a hollow blade which is suitable for use in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention.
- reaction gas sources 201 to 280 and 290 provide two reaction gas mixtures (I, II) for treating the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow components 100, a first reaction gas mixture (I) of the first reaction gas source 201 to 280 in an outer reaction space 110 in Direction of arrow A over the outer surfaces and then over the inner
- a second reaction gas mixture (II) of the second reaction gas source 290 in a second reaction space 120 in the direction of arrow B is first passed over the inner surfaces and then over the outer surfaces of the components 100.
- the direction of the reaction gas streams can be staggered in time between the streams. directions A and B can be changed several times in order to compensate for windward and leeward effects on obstacles and sharp edges of the hollow components 100 on the outer and inner surfaces of complex components 100 in the direction A or B.
- reaction gas sources can also be connected upstream of the outer or inner reaction space 110 and through reaction openings 111 or 121 in the bottom 131 of the reaction vessel, such as halogen-containing gases, which are preferably used for cleaning the outer and / or inner surfaces, respectively.
- Hydrogen-containing reducing gases are also supplied from external sources via the supply openings 111 and 121 to the outer and / or inner surfaces for reducing sulfidic or oxidic deposits, with at least one of the two granule basket arrangements as described in positions 01 to 280 or Item 290 show, can be dispensed with.
- gases containing halide are generated in the outer or inner reaction space 110 or 120. These reaction gases partially decompose on the metallic outer or inner surfaces of the hollow components 100 into a metallic component, which Coating is deposited on the outer and inner surfaces and a gaseous halogen component which can be reused as an activator after it has condensed on cool surfaces or transported donor metal atoms to the outer or inner surfaces of the hollow components 100 in heated rooms as activator gas.
- an inert carrier gas such as argon, is usually required, which is passed successively in the direction of arrow A or B over the outer or inner surfaces of the hollow components 100 to be coated and carries the reaction gases with them .
- the device for the preparation and / or coating of the surfaces of metallic hollow components 100 is only suitable for components which have at least two connecting openings 103, 104 between their outer and inner surfaces.
- a first connection The opening 103 of the component 100 is connected to the outer reaction chamber 110.
- a second connection opening 104 is connected via the hollow support arm 1 to 60 to the interior of a holding tube 105, which in this example also serves as an inner reaction space 120.
- reaction gas from the first reaction gas source 201 to 280 can flow from the outer reaction space 110 first over the outer surfaces and then over the first
- reaction gas can flow from the interior of the holding tube 105 via the support arms 1 to 60 through the second connection opening 104 of the component 100 first via the inner surfaces and then through the first connection opening 103 via the outer surfaces of the components 100 into the outer reaction space 110 in Flow in direction of arrow B.
- the hollow components 100 are fastened and sealed with their second connecting opening 104 in the hollow support arm 1 to 60.
- This seal is achieved with a sealing compound 108, such as a sintered compound, with, for example, a lower end 106 of the hollow component
- the hollow support arms are detachably connected radially outward to the central holding tube 105.
- the detachable connection 109 consists of a conical, spherical, hemispherical or flange-like seat 112, which has a pawl-like latching device 113, which enables the carrier arms 1 to 60 to be quickly attached to the central hollow tube 105.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of a sectional plane CC of a layer composed of granule baskets 201 to 220 and support arms 1 to 20 of the device according to the invention.
- the granule baskets 201 to 280 with a first reaction gas source material are in this example with donor granules and
- a central pellet basket 290 with a second reaction gas source material in pellet form is arranged in the middle of the holding tube 105. It supplies the internal surfaces of the hollow components 100 with reaction gases for a gas diffusion coating via connecting openings 115 to the cavities 107 of the carrier antennas 1 to 20 and via the second connecting openings 104 shown in FIG. 1 in the hollow components 100.
- the reaction gases then flow via the first connection opening 103 shown in FIG. 1 to the outer surfaces in the direction of arrow B.
- Carrier arms 1 to 60 and granulate baskets 201 to 280 can, as shown in FIG. 1, be connected or fastened in several layers to the holding tube 105 one above the other. In this example, three layers, each with 20 support arms 1 to 60 and 20 granulate baskets 201 to 280, are connected or fastened to the holding tube 105. In this example, each support arm accommodates 4 hollow components, so that 240 hollow components 100 can be cleaned and coated at the same time.
- the bottom 131 of the reaction container 130 has, in addition to the inlet openings in the outer reaction chamber 110 and in the inner reaction chamber 120, outlet openings 116 and 122 in the outer and inner reaction chamber 110 and 120, respectively.
- the openings are connected via supply or discharge lines to corresponding control valves, not shown, via which inert carrier gases or caustic, reducing or deoxidizing reaction gases can be supplied or removed.
- FIG. 3 shows a hollow blade 300 which is suitable for use in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention.
- the hollow vane 300 is used in turbo engines and must be protected against corrosion and oxygen embrittlement by the aggressive gases in the flow channel of the turbo engine.
- These hollow blades 300 usually have first connecting bores 303 and 304, respectively, on their front edges 301 and / or on their rear edges 302, which connect the outer surfaces 305 to the inner surfaces 306.
- these hollow blades 300 have a blade root 317 whose outer surfaces 318 are to be protected from coating.
- second connecting openings 313 and 314 through which cooling air can enter during operation, for example, which can flow out as cooling air film at the front and / or rear edges 301 and 302 through the cooling film bores 303 and 304, respectively.
- a cleaning and / or coating gas can be used with the aid of the invention
- the support arm consists of a hollow profile with attached holding and supporting device 310 for the hollow blade 300, into which the blade root 317 is inserted and then enclosed with a sealing compound 108, which in this example is a sintered compound, so that the openings 313 and 314 of the blade root 317 are connected to the cavity 307 of the support arm 1.
- the interior of the hollow blade is structured in narrow channels, so that the reaction gases are deflected several times, and windward and leeward effects are reduced only by minimal flow rates. Only by switching the flow direction according to the invention from the arrow direction A to the arrow direction B and vice versa, the windward and leeward effects at the sharp deflection points are compensated. Depletion of the reaction gas sources on reaction components is reduced and enrichment on
- Reaction components in particular in the interior of the hollow blade, are brought about by the method according to the invention, so that more uniform cleaning effects and more uniform coating results than with conventional devices and methods are made possible.
- a high pressure turbine blade made of a nickel-based alloy of the composition (Rene SO)
- the base area of the turbine blade 300 is first provided with an Al 2 O 3 layer by immersion in a slip suspension which essentially consists of Al 2 O 3 powder and an aqueous solution.
- a slip suspension which essentially consists of Al 2 O 3 powder and an aqueous solution.
- four blades 300 each are placed on holding and supporting devices 310, which are located on the carrier arms 1 to 60 of the device according to the invention.
- Each support arm 1 to 60 is then filled with a powder filling 308 made of nickel-based powder and Al 2 O 3 powder.
- This powder fill 308 seals the blade root area in cooperation with the slip casting layer 108 on the outer surfaces 318 of the blade root 317 in the holding and supporting device 310 by sintering together to form a sintered mass during late heating and protects the outer surfaces 318 of the Blade foot 317 before coating.
- the carrier arms 1 to 60 w prepared in this way outside the reaction container 130 are then hung in the central holding tube 105.
- the conical or hemispherical connecting pins of the carrier arches are additionally brushed with A UO 3 slip in order to seal minor gaps.
- more than 30 porters in more than 5 layers or levels are hung on a holding tube 105.
- Pellet baskets made of perforated sheet are suspended between the support arms in every position. These contain aluminum donor granules of an Al / Cr alloy and a granulate of aluminum fluoride as activator donors as reaction gas sources. In this example, 600 g of aluminum donor granules and 10 g of activator granules are used per scoop. A part of this granulate is filled as a second reaction gas source 290 into a granulate basket in the interior of the holding tube.
- a fir tree load carrier is completed.
- the fir tree charging carrier is positioned on the base of a retort hood furnace, the holding tube 105 forming the central trunk of the fir tree charging carrier, the central trunk has a feed line 121 and a lead 122 through the retort base.
- the outer traction chamber has two supply lines 111 and two discharge lines 116.
- a retort hood 140 and a hood furnace are placed over the fir tree charging carrier and the retort is flushed with argon.
- Example 2 a combined pre-cleaning of the inner surfaces of a turbine blade with subsequent coating of the outer and inner surfaces of a turbine blade made of a material similar to that in Example 1 is carried out.
- Blade material and mold material can be exempted. Reactions of the inner surfaces with the core material when casting a blade can leave partial residues on the inner surfaces which hinder or completely prevent diffusion coating, so that weak points in the hot gas oxidation and corrosion protection layer can occur in the interior of the hollow blades 300.
- a turbine blade made of a nickel-based alloy of the composition (Rene 142)
- the casting material is cleaned and coated at the same process temperature so that the cleaned inner surfaces do not become coated with oxide again.
- the turbine blades are connected to the central holding tube, five each per support arm, and a batch of 300 rotor blades is distributed over three layers.
- the cake and heating hood are placed over the fir tree charge and an argon protective atmosphere is created by pumping and rinsing.
- the argon flow is 20001 / h at
- a mixture of HF and H 2 is introduced into the tunnel tree for a period of 2 hours via the opening 122.
- the reaction gas mixture consists of HF at 0.51 / h per blade and H 2 together with 5 1 / h per scoop.
- In the outer reaction space circulates at the same time with 401 / h per
- the HF supply is switched off and a further 0.25 hour is flushed with H 2 (5 l / h per scoop).
- the gas flow is then reversed.
- a coating gas mixture of A1F, A1F 3 and H 2 (at 20 l / h per blade) is now passed for coating in direction A first over the outer and then over the inner surfaces of the hollow blades.
- coating is carried out in the opposite direction B for two more hours.
- the reaction gas is first passed over the inner surfaces and then passed over the outer surfaces via the inner reaction gas source through the support arms via the second connection openings in the hollow blades.
- the batch cools down, the batch is flushed with Ar against the direction of flow A, the argon being opened via the opening 122 when the opening 121 is closed, first over the inner surfaces of the hollow blades and then over the outer surfaces of the
- the result is a defect-free inner coating with high uniformity of the inner layer thickness.
- a hollow blade is coated on the outside and inside, which has an extreme length of over 500 mm for the inner cooling channels.
- the previously available methods and devices with unidirectional reaction gas guidance result in particularly serious reductions in the inner layer thickness from the entry of the reaction gases into the cavities or cooling channels of hollow blades to the exit from the cavities or to the end of the cooling channels. Decreases from 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m each Centimeter channel length are quite common. With a coating thickness of 50 ⁇ m in the area of the first connection opening 103 to the interior of a hollow blade, the coating thickness approaches zero at the end of a channel with a length of 500 cm. In comparison to this, the new device and the method according to the invention can be used to coat longer cooling channels as well as to make the layer thicknesses more uniform.
- the first reaction gas source is equipped with granules of an aluminum donor alloy and the second reaction source with a donor alloy and the granules of a halogen activator.
- the device is heated to 1040 ° C. under a low argon flow in the direction of arrow A until the entire activator is present in gaseous form in the second reaction space. Only then is the flow rate controlled for half an hour so that the reaction gases flow in direction B.
- Halogen or halide compounds or gases are present. Rather, they concentrate on the inner second reaction space.
- a high content of aluminum halides in the reaction gas called aluminum activity is required.
- the depletion of aluminum halides in the reaction gas and thus the abnalime of aluminum activity is, however, considerable in conventional processes by depositing aluminum on the surfaces of the hollow components. With the method according to the invention, this depletion is reduced, so that high aluminum activity can be maintained, and problematic superalloys to which aluminum can be applied only with difficulty or not at all by means of conventional gas diffusion coatings can also be satisfactorily coated from the inside.
- turbine guide vanes with the following alloy composition (X 40)
- 100 hollow blades are arranged in 5 layers in the first reaction space, and 1500 g per bucket of donor metal granules and 20 g activator granules per blade are weighed.
- a retort hood 140 of 1.3 m 3 in volume is placed over the batch.
- the retort base 131 has a gas supply line and two exhaust gas lines.
- the holding tube has a cylindrical container with a capacity of 0.25 m 3 in the lower area above the retort bottom in the heated area.
- the batch Before heating, the batch is flushed in the direction B with 10 times the volume of the retort hood with argon. The device is then heated under an argon flow of 10001 / h. At 900 ° C, the hydrogen flow is changed to 20001 / h until a holding temperature of 1080 ° C is reached. Then the flow is reduced and switched to pressure control.
- pressure sensors are arranged in the first and second reaction spaces as measuring transducers. A pressure difference is alternately built up between the pressure sensors with a hydrogen flow rate of up to about 10001 / h
- the batch After changing the sign of the pressure difference between the two reaction spaces 110 and 120 several times, the batch is removed in the direction B after 6 hours with argon purge. cools.
- the result is a very uniform layer thickness between the outer and inner surfaces of the hollow blades.
- a turbine blade for a stationary gas turbine made of the same material as in Example 1 is to be coated essentially with chromium on the inner surfaces and essentially with aluminum on the outer surfaces.
- the blades are equipped with film cooling holes on the trailing edges.
- the blades also have three inner cooling channels. It has proven to be expedient to coat the inner channels with a different material than the outer surfaces of these hollow blades. For this reason, the inner channels must be coated with chrome and the outer surfaces with aluminum.
- 160 turbine blades in 4 layers are connected to 20 support arms, each support arm holding two blades.
- 10 kg of chrome tablets are arranged in perforated metal baskets and 5 g of NH 4 C1 per blade are positioned in the lower area of the holding tube.
- Another 3 g of NH 4 C1 is arranged in the bottom area of the first reaction chamber.
- the aluminum donor granulate with a fluorine compound as activator for the outer coating is placed at 400 g per scoop in the granulate baskets between the carrier arms.
- the batch is flushed with argon and heated to a first holding temperature of 1080 ° C. without any flow.
- an argon flow in direction B over the inner surface of the blade of 160 1 / h is set, which coats the inner surfaces with chrome.
- an argon flow of 40001 / h which protects the outer surfaces from a chromium coating, circulates in the first reaction space via the inlet 11 and the outlet 116.
- the amount and the location of the NH 4 Cl activator for the alitation are dimensioned or selected such that the NH 4 Cl activator is completely evaporated in the 4 hours given the temperature distribution and the temperature gradient present.
- the argon flow is switched to alitizing the outer surfaces.
- the outer surfaces are alitated in the following 4 hours.
- a measured average inner coating thickness of 25 ⁇ m results, which essentially consists of chromium and an aluminum layer on the outer surfaces with an average thickness of 45 ⁇ m.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19607625A DE19607625C1 (de) | 1996-02-29 | 1996-02-29 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Präparation und/oder Beschichtung der Oberflächen von Hohlbauteilen |
DE19607625 | 1996-02-29 | ||
PCT/EP1997/000903 WO1997032054A1 (de) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-02-26 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur präparation und/oder beschichtung der oberflächen von hohlbauteilen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0883697A1 true EP0883697A1 (de) | 1998-12-16 |
EP0883697B1 EP0883697B1 (de) | 1999-12-29 |
Family
ID=7786744
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97903375A Expired - Lifetime EP0883697B1 (de) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-02-26 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur präparation und/oder beschichtung der oberflächen von hohlbauteilen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6180170B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0883697B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2246805C (de) |
DE (1) | DE19607625C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2145573T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997032054A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19652633A1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-03-19 | Euromat Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Innenbeschichten metallischer Bauteile |
DE19803740C2 (de) | 1998-01-30 | 2001-05-31 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Gasphasenbeschichtungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gasphasenbeschichtung von Werkstücken |
US6224941B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-05-01 | General Electric Company | Pulsed-vapor phase aluminide process for high temperature oxidation-resistant coating applications |
US6485262B1 (en) * | 2001-07-06 | 2002-11-26 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for extending gas turbine engine airfoils useful life |
JP3716236B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-09 | 2005-11-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | タービンの付着物除去設備 |
DE10258560A1 (de) * | 2002-12-14 | 2004-07-08 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum CVD-Beschichten von Werkstücken |
US7026011B2 (en) † | 2003-02-04 | 2006-04-11 | General Electric Company | Aluminide coating of gas turbine engine blade |
WO2005103324A1 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur innenbeschichtung eines durchgangskanals |
GB0409486D0 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2004-06-02 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Coatings for turbine blades |
GB2414245B (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2007-10-10 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Metallising process |
EP1666625A1 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Bauteilen im Inneren einer Vorrichtung |
US20060193365A1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-31 | Honeywell International | Spacer for spacing preforms in a furnace and method for spacing preforms in a furnace using same |
US7146990B1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2006-12-12 | Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation | Process for repairing sulfidation damaged turbine components |
US20070190245A1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-08-16 | General Electric Company | Method of coating gas turbine components |
US7927656B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-04-19 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for controlling diffusion coating of internal passages |
EP2045351A1 (de) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-08 | AVIO S.p.A. | Verfahren und Anlage zur gleichzeitigen Beschichtung innerer und äußerer Oberflächen von Metallelementen, insbesondere Turbinenschaufeln |
US8501273B2 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2013-08-06 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Mixture and technique for coating an internal surface of an article |
GB0902633D0 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2009-04-01 | Rolls Royce Plc | A method and an arrangement for vapour phase coating of an internal surface of at least one hollow article |
US9624583B2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2017-04-18 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Slurry-based coating techniques for smoothing surface imperfections |
US10655219B1 (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2020-05-19 | Goodrich Corporation | Containment structure for creating composite structures |
CA2906667C (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-07-07 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Slurry-based coating restoration |
CN103217724B (zh) * | 2013-03-25 | 2017-07-11 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | 双u型通道叶片射线检测用金属粉末填充装置及填充方法 |
US9771644B2 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2017-09-26 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing diffusion aluminide coatings |
SG11202008268RA (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2020-10-29 | Applied Materials Inc | Methods for depositing coatings on aerospace components |
US11466364B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2022-10-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods for forming protective coatings containing crystallized aluminum oxide |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS60149771A (ja) * | 1984-01-13 | 1985-08-07 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Cvd装置 |
US4698241A (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-10-06 | Dalton Roberson | Automatic dual action apparatus and method for uniformly coating the inside of tubular extensions |
FR2633641B1 (fr) * | 1988-06-30 | 1993-02-05 | Snecma | Procede et dispositif de protection simultanee des surfaces internes et externes, notamment par aluminisation de pieces en alliages resistant a chaud, a base de ni, co ou fe |
JPH02188232A (ja) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-07-24 | Ryobi Ltd | 釣竿、ゴルフクラブシャフト等の積層管及びその製造方法 |
US5077140A (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-12-31 | General Electric Company | Coating systems for titanium oxidation protection |
US5071678A (en) * | 1990-10-09 | 1991-12-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for applying gas phase diffusion aluminide coatings |
DE4035790C1 (de) * | 1990-11-10 | 1991-05-08 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | |
DE4035789C1 (de) * | 1990-11-10 | 1991-06-13 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | |
DE4119967C1 (de) * | 1991-06-18 | 1992-09-17 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | |
US5221354A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-06-22 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for gas phase coating of hollow articles |
EP0704548B1 (de) * | 1994-09-30 | 2000-04-05 | General Electric Company | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Substraten und Herstellen von Schutzschichten |
JP2804722B2 (ja) * | 1994-10-26 | 1998-09-30 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 銅又は銅合金管内面への錫めっき方法 |
FR2733254B1 (fr) * | 1995-04-18 | 1997-07-18 | Europ Propulsion | Procede d'infiltration chimique en phase vapeur pour la densification de substrats poreux disposes en piles annulaires |
WO1997002947A1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-01-30 | Advanced Materials Technologies, Inc. | Method for bonding thermal barrier coatings to superalloy substrates |
-
1996
- 1996-02-29 DE DE19607625A patent/DE19607625C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 US US09/125,655 patent/US6180170B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-26 ES ES97903375T patent/ES2145573T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-26 CA CA002246805A patent/CA2246805C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-26 WO PCT/EP1997/000903 patent/WO1997032054A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-26 EP EP97903375A patent/EP0883697B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9732054A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6180170B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
ES2145573T3 (es) | 2000-07-01 |
EP0883697B1 (de) | 1999-12-29 |
DE19607625C1 (de) | 1996-12-12 |
CA2246805C (en) | 2005-01-11 |
CA2246805A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
WO1997032054A1 (de) | 1997-09-04 |
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