EP0882811A1 - Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0882811A1 EP0882811A1 EP97108860A EP97108860A EP0882811A1 EP 0882811 A1 EP0882811 A1 EP 0882811A1 EP 97108860 A EP97108860 A EP 97108860A EP 97108860 A EP97108860 A EP 97108860A EP 0882811 A1 EP0882811 A1 EP 0882811A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- carbon carrier
- carburizing
- partial pressure
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for carburizing metallic workpieces in a vacuum furnace, the furnace atmosphere being a carbon carrier contains, under the process conditions of carburization with the release of pure carbon is split.
- thermochemical case hardening treatments metallic workpieces have been in addition to the conventional gas carburizing is increasingly the carburizing processes in Vacuum systems enforced, because only with these procedures Carburization free of edge oxidation is feasible.
- these Carburizing processes in vacuum plants are the vacuum and plasma carburizing. Since in these carburizing processes without oxygen-containing reaction gases is working, no C level control respectively; the key parameter for the carbon transition is at this method the carbon mass flow density, which as The amount of carbon is defined per unit of time and area in the Material passes over.
- This carbon required for carburization is from a carbon carrier in the furnace atmosphere - usually one Hydrocarbon - provided at the given Process conditions with the release of pure carbon is split.
- propane C 3 H 8
- propane C 3 H 8
- propane C 3 H 8
- propane pyrolysis methane (CH 4 ) is mostly used as the carbon carrier, which is obtained by methane pyrolysis according to the equation CH 4 ⁇ C + 2H 2 is split.
- propane instead of methane.
- methane or propane as a carbon carrier is in each case associated with various advantages and disadvantages.
- propane due to its larger number of carbon atoms - 3 carbon atoms for propane versus 1 carbon atom for methane - a more effective carbon carrier as methane.
- propane has the disadvantage that it is already thermally split in the temperature range above 600 ° C, which leads to Sooting of the oven and tar formation in the oven can result.
- methane only has one carbon atom, but it is the methane molecule so stable that it is not already necessary Carburizing temperature is split. Rather, the split takes place only in Plasma and therefore really only on the workpiece surface. Since the Carbon mass flow density is low when splitting methane, For large batches, large quantities of process gas must be sent to the furnace be fed.
- Partial pressure of the carbon carrier pulsates towards higher partial pressures vary so that the increasing the carbon mass flow density Partial pressure of the carbon carrier only briefly to increase the Carburizing effect is available, but then decreases again, so that the soot formation can be kept within limits. Because of the partial high partial pressure of the carbon carrier of up to 100 mbar however, even in this method operated with pressure pulses gradual sooting of the furnace so that it still closes Cleaning purposes must be switched off.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for carburizing metallic workpieces in a vacuum furnace, which ensures a constant carburization with a high carbon mass flow density, without the risk of sooting the furnace .
- the carbon carrier is a hydrocarbon with a carbon-hydrogen ratio of 1: 1 is used, preferably acetylene.
- a partial pressure of the carbon carrier of less than 20 mbar, preferably 10 mbar, observed in order to achieve a high without soot formation Carbon mass flow density or carbon transfer rate achieve.
- Carburizing the partial pressure of the carbon carrier pulsating can be varied, the partial pressure of the carbon carrier values from to reached to 50 mbar.
- the furnace atmosphere can also contain other gases, in particular Contain hydrogen and / or argon, which additionally as the inert gases Prevent oxidation of the workpieces.
- the Splitting of the carbon carrier can be supported by a plasma.
- Vacuum carburization with the carbon carriers propane and ethane took place at 860 ° C and with a partial pressure of the carbon carrier of 10 mbar.
- the vacuum carburization with the carbon carrier acetylene was carried out at 930 ° C and a partial pressure of the carbon carrier of 10 mbar a carburizing and diffusion phase period of 260 min.
- the above-described uniform carburization on the outer and The inner surface of the test workpiece is also shown in the illustrations 2 to 4, in which the surface hardness and the case hardening depth (HV 1.0) is shown at different measuring points.
- a comparison of the graphics 3 and 4 shows that when using acetylene as a carbon carrier not just an almost constant surface hardness along the inner and outer workpiece surface is achieved, but also the Case hardening depth (HV 1.0) on the inner and outer Workpiece surface coincides almost at all measuring points.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein Probewerkstück mit zugehörigem Tabellenwerk, die Oberflächenhärtewerte auf der Innenseite des Probewerkstücks bei verschiedenen Kohlenstoff-Trägern wiedergebend;
- Fig. 2
- eine Seitenansicht des Probewerkstücks gemäß Fig. 1 mit der Angabe verschiedener Meßpunkte für den Härteverlauf an der Außen- und Innenseite des Probewerkstücks;
- Fig. 3
- eine graphische Darstellung des Härteverlaufs an den Meßpunkten A, C und E gemäß Fig. 2 an der Außenseite des Probewerkstücks nach der Einsatzhärtung mit Acetylen und
- Fig. 4
- eine graphische Darstellung des Härteverlaufs an den Meßpunkten B, D, F und H gemäß Fig. 2 an der Innenseite des Probewerkstück nach der Einsatzhärtung mit Acetylen.
Claims (7)
- Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen, wobei die Ofenatmosphäre einen Kohlenstoff-Träger enthält, der unter den Prozeßbedingungen der Aufkohlung unter Abgabe von reinem Kohlenstoff gespalten wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Kohlenstoff-Träger ein Kohlenwasserstoff mit einem Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Verhältnis von 1:1, vorzugsweise Acetylen, verwendet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Partialdruck des Kohlenstoff-Trägers unter 20 mbar, vorzugsweise 10 mbar, beträgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Partialdruck des Kohlenstoff-Trägers pulsierend variiert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Partialdruck des Kohlenstoff-Trägers bei den Druckpulsen bis auf 50 mbar angehoben wird.
- Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Ofenatmosphäre neben dem Kohlenstoff-Träger noch andere Gase enthalten sind.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ofenatmosphäre zusätzlich noch Wasserstoff und/oder Argon enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aufspaltung des Kohlenstoff-Trägers durch ein Plasma unterstützt wird.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT97108860T ATE203572T1 (de) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Verfahren zur aufkohlung metallischer werkstücke in einem vakuum-ofen |
ES97108860T ES2161398T5 (es) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Procedimiento para la carburación de piezas metálicas en un horno de vacío. |
DE59704123T DE59704123D1 (de) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen |
EP97108860A EP0882811B2 (de) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97108860A EP0882811B2 (de) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0882811A1 true EP0882811A1 (de) | 1998-12-09 |
EP0882811B1 EP0882811B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 |
EP0882811B2 EP0882811B2 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
Family
ID=8226864
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97108860A Expired - Lifetime EP0882811B2 (de) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Verfahren zur Aufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke in einem Vakuum-Ofen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0882811B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE203572T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59704123D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2161398T5 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0818555A1 (de) † | 1995-03-29 | 1998-01-14 | JH Corporation | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vakuumzementierung und so hergestellte produkte |
FR2821362A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-08-30 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede de cementation basse pression |
WO2003097893A1 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke |
EP1391525A1 (de) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-25 | Ipsen International GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen |
FR2847591A1 (fr) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede de cementation de pieces en acier pour travail a chaud par carburation en depression |
US6846366B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2005-01-25 | Oriental Engineering Co., Ltd. | Carburizing method and carburizing apparatus |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10209382B4 (de) * | 2002-03-02 | 2011-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufkohlung von Bauteilen |
PL204202B1 (pl) | 2002-10-21 | 2009-12-31 | Politechnika & Lstrok Odzka | Mieszanina węglowodorowa do nawęglania stali w podciśnieniu |
DE10322563B3 (de) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-11-11 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Vakuumaufkohlungsverfahren |
DE102009041927B4 (de) | 2009-09-17 | 2015-08-06 | Hanomag Härtecenter GmbH | Verfahren zur Niederdruckaufkohlung metallischer Werkstücke |
PT2886668T (pt) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-02-04 | Groz Beckert Kg | Ferramenta têxtil e método de fabricação do mesmo |
PL422596A1 (pl) | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-25 | Seco/Warwick Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób nawęglania podciśnieniowego (LPC) elementów wykonanych ze stopów żelaza i innych metali |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU668978A1 (ru) * | 1977-06-02 | 1979-06-28 | Предприятие П/Я А-7697 | Способ цементации стальных деталей |
GB2261227A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-12 | Univ Hull | Surface treatment of metals at low pressure |
WO1996030556A1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-03 | Jh Corporation | Procede et equipement de cementation, et produits de cette operation |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3796615A (en) † | 1971-06-23 | 1974-03-12 | Hayes Inc C I | Method of vacuum carburizing |
-
1997
- 1997-06-03 EP EP97108860A patent/EP0882811B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-03 AT AT97108860T patent/ATE203572T1/de active
- 1997-06-03 DE DE59704123T patent/DE59704123D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-03 ES ES97108860T patent/ES2161398T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU668978A1 (ru) * | 1977-06-02 | 1979-06-28 | Предприятие П/Я А-7697 | Способ цементации стальных деталей |
GB2261227A (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1993-05-12 | Univ Hull | Surface treatment of metals at low pressure |
WO1996030556A1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-03 | Jh Corporation | Procede et equipement de cementation, et produits de cette operation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 8010, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M13, AN 80-17823C, XP002046310 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0818555A1 (de) † | 1995-03-29 | 1998-01-14 | JH Corporation | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vakuumzementierung und so hergestellte produkte |
EP0818555B2 (de) † | 1995-03-29 | 2007-08-15 | JH Corporation | Verfahren und zur vakuumaufkohlung |
US6846366B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2005-01-25 | Oriental Engineering Co., Ltd. | Carburizing method and carburizing apparatus |
FR2821362A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-08-30 | Etudes Const Mecaniques | Procede de cementation basse pression |
WO2002068707A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-06 | Etudes Et Constructions Mecaniques | Procede de cementation basse pression |
US7118634B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2006-10-10 | Bnp Parlbas | Low-pressure cementation method |
WO2003097893A1 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2003-11-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke |
EP1391525A1 (de) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-02-25 | Ipsen International GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schwärzen von Bauteilen |
US7160576B2 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2007-01-09 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Method and device for blacking components |
FR2847591A1 (fr) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-05-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede de cementation de pieces en acier pour travail a chaud par carburation en depression |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0882811B1 (de) | 2001-07-25 |
EP0882811B2 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
DE59704123D1 (de) | 2001-08-30 |
ATE203572T1 (de) | 2001-08-15 |
ES2161398T5 (es) | 2011-04-05 |
ES2161398T3 (es) | 2001-12-01 |
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