EP0849355B1 - Composants de lavage et de nettoyage sous forme de poudre - Google Patents
Composants de lavage et de nettoyage sous forme de poudre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0849355B1 EP0849355B1 EP97121407A EP97121407A EP0849355B1 EP 0849355 B1 EP0849355 B1 EP 0849355B1 EP 97121407 A EP97121407 A EP 97121407A EP 97121407 A EP97121407 A EP 97121407A EP 0849355 B1 EP0849355 B1 EP 0849355B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- acid
- alkaline silicate
- cleaning
- cleaning detergents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NAOLWIGVYRIGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 7
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 5
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000142 Sodium polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkalis Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)CS([O-])(=O)=O SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- REWARORKCPYWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(prop-2-enoylamino)butan-2-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCC(P(O)(O)=O)CNC(=O)C=C REWARORKCPYWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYPNJNDODFVZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(O)=O YYPNJNDODFVZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=C PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylethylene Natural products OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000035118 modified proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005573 modified proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEYCPJGKKJULEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid sulfuric acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.OS(O)(=O)=O VEYCPJGKKJULEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CC=C RZKYDQNMAUSEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013042 solid detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000954 titration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
- C11D11/0088—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads the liquefied ingredients being sprayed or adsorbed onto solid particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3788—Graft polymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a powder detergent and cleaning agent component, a method for their manufacture and their use.
- washing and cleaning agents contain a variety of ingredients, one Perform a number of different functions. Important for the quality of such washing and Detergent is both the type and amount of ingredients used and the type and the order in which these ingredients are combined.
- the main components in modern laundry detergents include surfactants, Bleach, washing alkalis and the so-called builders.
- the main components for detergents and dishwashing detergents are primarily builders, bleach, alkalis, Dispersants and enzymes.
- An ideal builder for textile detergents fulfills a number of functions and carries, for example significantly to water softening. In addition, it should have the highest possible carrying capacity for liquid components and sufficient buffering of the wash liquor enable.
- NaTPP sodium tripolyphosphate
- zeolites A and P crystalline silicates
- SKS-6 sodium tripolyphosphate
- Water softening (removal or binding of calcium causing water hardness and / or magnesium ions) is carried out with the aforementioned builders in different ways Way.
- the sodium tripolyphosphate dissolves and forms with the calcium and magnesium ions soluble complexes that do not interfere with the washing process.
- the zeolites and the layered silicates form with the calcium and magnesium ions insoluble complexes.
- the zeolites significantly increase the amount of insoluble Preserve complexes. These particles present as a solid in the wash liquor must be kept in suspension by additional detergent ingredients do not deposit on the textile fiber. The same applies to other (solid) dirt particles and any precipitated components of water hardness.
- Detergents for the automatic cleaning of dishes also need components included, which are able to keep the detached dirt in suspension and the To prevent re-depositing on the wash ware.
- Suitable additional detergent ingredients are the so-called cobuilders, which are also known as Polyelectrolyte compounds are called. These include citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, Homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid, polyaspartic acid and starch oxidation products. The aforementioned ingredients can also be found in detergents and dishwashing detergents deploy.
- polycarboxylates which are polymers with a molecular weight from about 2,000 to 100,000. They consist of different carboxylic acids and the corresponding monomers. In powder detergents and Also in dishwashing detergents, they are usually in the form of their neutral sodium salts, solid or in aqueous solution.
- the amounts of builder are usually 10 to 40% by weight and that of cobuilders usually 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of powdered laundry detergent.
- the quantities added in a similar order of magnitude.
- Powdered laundry detergents that contain crystalline silicates as builders usually require lower amounts of cobuilders than those containing only zeolite A as a builder.
- zeolite A cannot be used in dishwashing detergents because of its insolubility only soluble components come into question here.
- the quality or the mode of action of such a builder / cobuilder system for textile detergents can be measured, for example, with the so-called secondary washing behavior.
- the secondary washing behavior indicates in particular to what extent such a builder / cobuilder system is able to prevent deposits on the laundry fibers.
- the washed fabric is ashed and the amount of ash is determined gravimetrically.
- the mode of action of the aforementioned builder / cobuilder systems can be used for dishwashing detergents with regard to the re-soiling of already cleaned dishes by visual sampling be recorded quantitatively with the help of a grading system.
- the sodium polycarboxylates are used in the washing powder production introduced both as an aqueous solution and in powder form.
- the aqueous Solution sprayed on the other solid detergent components to make a total free-flowing Get product.
- This is a component with particularly good absorbency Layered silicate SKS-6 from Hoechst AG, Frankfurt am Main, which is capable of a good one To ensure that the washing powder flows freely.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a composition make, with which the aforementioned disadvantages can be overcome and with the excellent Washing and cleaning results, in particular with regard to the secondary washing ability, can be achieved.
- a powder detergent component characterized in that it is a reaction product of an alkaline silicate and an acidic polycarboxylate.
- the weight ratio of alkaline silicate to acidic polycarboxylate is preferably (40 to 1): 1.
- the weight ratio of alkaline silicate to acidic polycarboxylate is particularly preferred (20 to 2): 1.
- the powdered detergent and cleaning agent component preferably contains 50 to 98 % By weight of alkaline silicate and 2 to 50% by weight of a copolymer of 10 to 70% by weight Maleic acid, 20 to 85% by weight acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, 1 to 50% by weight Vinyl acetate and 0 to 10% by weight of further monomers with a degree of neutralization of 0 up to 70%.
- the alkaline silicate is preferably an amorphous sodium silicate.
- the alkaline silicate is particularly preferably a crystalline one Sodium silicate.
- the alkaline silicate is particularly preferably a crystalline one Sodium silicate.
- the further elements and / or connections are preferably aluminum, Titanium, iron, calcium, magnesium and / or their compounds.
- the above object is also achieved by a method for producing a powder Detergent and cleaning agent component, characterized in that apply an acidic polycarboxylate solution to an alkaline silicate.
- the acidic polycarboxylate solution is preferably brought into a solid mixer, the one Contains liquid injection device based on the alkaline silicate.
- reaction product of alkaline sodium silicate and acidic polycarboxylate solution is preferred at temperatures of 40 to 150 ° C for a time of 5 to 120 minutes dried.
- the invention also relates to the use of the powdery form according to the invention Detergent and cleaning agent component for the production of detergents.
- the powdered detergent and cleaning agent component according to the invention is preferred used for the production of detergents using the dry mix method.
- the invention also relates to the use of the powdery form according to the invention Detergent and detergent component for the production of detergent compositions.
- the powdered detergent and cleaning agent component according to the invention is preferred for the production of detergent compositions for cleaning hard Surfaces used.
- the invention also relates to the use of the powdery form according to the invention Detergent and detergent component for the manufacture of dishwashing detergent compositions.
- the powdered detergent and cleaning agent component according to the invention is preferred for the preparation of dishwasher detergent compositions for machine cleaning used by dishes.
- the powder detergent component according to the invention are non-neutralized and / or partially neutralized acid group-containing polycarboxylates neutralized polymers containing acid groups.
- These include the homopolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or their copolymers with further ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acrolein, dimethylacrylic acid, Ethyl acrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, allylacetic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, Itaconic acid, meth (allysulfonic acid), vinylsulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, and monomers containing phosphoric acid groups, such as, for example Vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid and acrylamidomethylpropanephosphonic acid and their salts and hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate sulfates, allyl alcohol sulfates and phosphates.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as acrolein, dimethylacrylic acid, Ethyl acrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, allylacetic acid,
- Graft polymers of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, as described in DE-A-40 03 172 and DE-A-44 15 623, are also suitable for the use according to the invention.
- the graft polymers described in EP-A-0 457 025 with proteins of animal and vegetable origin, in particular also with modified proteins, are also well suited for the use according to the invention.
- polyaspartic acids or their derivatives in or not partially neutralized form are polyaspartic acids or their derivatives in or not partially neutralized form.
- the polyaspartic acids usually fall in the form of their alkali metal or ammonium salt. From this you can get the non-neutralized or only partially neutralized products by adding appropriate amounts of organic or inorganic acids and, if necessary, separating them of the resulting salts.
- Such products can also be achieved through the thermal conversion of maleic acid and ammonia or by the condensation of aspartic acid and the subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting polysuccinimide.
- the manufacture of such products is for example in DE-A-36 26 672, DE-A-43 07 114, DE-A-44 27 287, EP-A-0 612 784, EP-A-0 644 257 and PCT / WO 92/14753.
- Particularly suitable for the production of the powdered washing and Detergent components are graft polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and further ethylenically unsaturated monomers on salts of polyaspartic acid, as they usually occur in the hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide described above.
- the otherwise necessary addition of acid to produce the only partially neutralized Form of polyaspartic acid can be dispensed with.
- the amount of polyaspartate is usually chosen so that the degree of neutralization of all carboxyl groups incorporated in the polymer 80%, preferably 60%, does not exceed.
- copolymers are prepared by the following examples, polymer 1 to polymer 5 described.
- thermometer and metering devices 150 g of maleic anhydride, 200 g of sodium hydroxide solution (50 wt .-%), 360 g of water and 0.01 g of ammonium iron sulfate (Mohr's salt) and heated to 90 ° C with stirring.
- 275 g of acrylic acid in 200 g of water and 100 g of sodium hydroxide solution (50% by weight) and a second solution of 1.5 g sodium persulfate and 15 g hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) in 75 g of water.
- the total time of metering is 4 hours.
- the mixture is stirred for one hour under reflux and distilled then about 420 g of water.
- a viscous solution with a dry matter content is obtained of about 55% by weight, a pH of 4.8 and a Brookfield viscosity of 55,000 mPa * s at 20 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight, determined by means of gel permeation chromatography, is 21,000 g / mol.
- the mixture is stirred for one hour and then about 300 g of water are distilled off. you obtains a viscous, brown product with a dry matter content of about 55% by weight, a pH of 5.0 and a Brookfield viscosity of 84,000 mPa * s at 20 ° C.
- the Weight-average molecular weight, determined by means of gel permeation chromatography, is 60,000 g / mol.
- Examples 1 to 8 below describe the preparation of the powdery form according to the invention Detergent and detergent component and their application.
- the powders have a significantly reduced alkalinity compared to pure SKS-6, as shown in Figure 1 from the representation of the reserve alkalinity (titration curve of 2 g of product with In HCl).
- the reserve alkalinity indicates how much acid is required to lower a substance to a certain pH above 5.
- Production of the washing and cleaning agent component according to the invention each using 2 kg of SKS-6 powder example Amount of polycarboxylate solution pH of the moist component after drying flowability % H 2 O % Active ingredient Cobuilder wet dried 1 222 11.66 3.5 5.6 15 23 2 500 11.59 5.5 11.5 11 28 3 1140 11.4 8th 22 11 270
- Powdery textile detergents are produced in accordance with Examples 4 and 5, but instead of pure SKS-6 a mixture of SKS-6 and the powdery detergent and cleaning agent component SKS-6 / polycarboxylate in accordance with Example 3 is used.
- SKS-6 powdery detergent and cleaning agent component
- Example 3 powdery detergent and cleaning agent component
- Examples 4 and 6 and 5 and 7 are the same and therefore placed side by side (Table 2).
- the detergents from Examples 4 to 7 are subjected to a washing test and tested for their Secondary washing effect checked. This is done by using 5 standard fabrics together 4.5 kg of ballast tissue are washed 25 times and after every fifth wash by ashing of the standard tissue, the inorganic tissue deposits are determined. The Results are shown in Table 3.
- Examples 9 and 10 below relate to the production and testing of a Dishwashing composition.
- Example 9 The detergent additive used in Example 9 is one according to Table 1, Example 3. Its composition corresponds approximately to the sum of SKS-6 and sodium polycarboxylate in example 10.
- the washing and cleaning agent component according to the invention in the present dishwashing agent formulation Example 9 is particularly high Cleaning ability off (test according to DIN 44990). It is particularly suitable for burned and to remove protein-containing food residues and tea stains. In addition, it has a pronounced Dispersion behavior, especially towards fiber-containing food residues.
- the detergent and cleaning agent component according to the invention prevents Present dishwashing detergent glass and decor damage.
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Claims (22)
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient un produit de réaction d'un silicate alcalin et d'un polycarboxylate acide.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport en masse du silicate alcalin au polycarboxylate acide est de (40 à 1) : 1.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport en masse du silicate alcalin au polycarboxylate acide est de (20 à 2) : 1.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme polycarboxylate un homopolymère et/ou un copolymère d'acide acrylique, d'acide méthacrylique, d'acide maléique, de poly(acide aspartique), d'acide saccharique et/ou d'autres monomères, non neutralisé ou seulement partiellement neutralisé.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient de 50 à 98 % en masse de silicate alcalin et de 2 à 50 % en masse d'un copolymère constitué de 10 à 70 % en masse d'acide maléique, de 20 à 85 % en masse d'acide acrylique et/ou d'acide méthacrylique, de 1 à 50 % en masse d'acétate de vinyle et de 0 à 10 % en masse d'autres monomères avec un degré de neutralisation de 0 à 70 %.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le silicate alcalin est un silicate de formule xM2O ySiO2 zH2O avec un rapport molaire de SiO2 à M2O de (1 à 3,5) : 1, où z = 0 à 4 et M = Na et/ou K, qui peut contenir jusqu'à 1 % en masse d'autres éléments et/ou composés.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le silicate alcalin est un silicate de sodium amorphe.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le silicate alcalin est un silicate de sodium cristallin.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le silicate alcalin est un phyllosilicate de sodium cristallin.
- Constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les autres éléments et/ou composés sont l'aluminium, le titane, le fer, le calcium, le magnésium et/ou leurs composés.
- Procédé de préparation d'un constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique une solution de polycarboxylate acide sur un silicate alcalin.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique 2 à 60 parties en masse de solution de polycarboxylate acide sur 100 parties en masse de silicate alcalin.
- Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique 10 à 40 parties en masse de solution de polycarboxylate acide sur 100 parties en masse de silicate alcalin.
- Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme solution de polycarboxylate un homopolymère et/ou un copolymère d'acide acrylique, d'acide méthacrylique, d'acide maléique, de poly(acide aspartique), d'acide saccharique et/ou d'autres monomères, non neutralisé ou seulement partiellement neutralisé.
- Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique la solution de polycarboxylate sur le silicate alcalin dans un mélangeur de produits solides contenant un dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide.
- Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'on sèche le produit de réaction du silicate alcalin et de la solution de polycarboxylate acide à des températures de 40 à 150°C pendant un temps de 5 à 120 minutes.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de détergents.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de détergents en poudre selon le procédé de mélange à sec.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de compositions de produits de nettoyage.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de compositions de produits de nettoyage pour le nettoyage de surfaces dures.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de compositions détergentes pour la vaisselle.
- Utilisation du constituant de détergents et de produits de nettoyage en poudre selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou préparé par le procédé des revendications 11 à 16 pour la préparation de compositions détergentes pour la vaisselle pour le lavage de la vaisselle à la machine.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19653949 | 1996-12-21 | ||
DE19653949 | 1996-12-21 | ||
DE19719888 | 1997-05-12 | ||
DE19719888A DE19719888A1 (de) | 1996-12-21 | 1997-05-12 | Pulverförmige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel-Komponente |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0849355A2 EP0849355A2 (fr) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0849355A3 EP0849355A3 (fr) | 1999-12-15 |
EP0849355B1 true EP0849355B1 (fr) | 2004-03-17 |
Family
ID=26032689
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP97121407A Expired - Lifetime EP0849355B1 (fr) | 1996-12-21 | 1997-12-05 | Composants de lavage et de nettoyage sous forme de poudre |
Country Status (11)
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US (1) | US7256169B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0849355B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3258952B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1186110A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2226071C (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ414697A3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2218632T3 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP9702513A3 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO975974L (fr) |
PL (1) | PL323895A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW386109B (fr) |
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1997
- 1997-12-05 ES ES97121407T patent/ES2218632T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-05 EP EP97121407A patent/EP0849355B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 NO NO975974A patent/NO975974L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-19 HU HU9702513A patent/HUP9702513A3/hu unknown
- 1997-12-19 CN CN97108738A patent/CN1186110A/zh active Pending
- 1997-12-19 PL PL97323895A patent/PL323895A1/xx unknown
- 1997-12-19 JP JP35177997A patent/JP3258952B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-19 CZ CZ974146A patent/CZ414697A3/cs unknown
- 1997-12-19 CA CA002226071A patent/CA2226071C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-16 TW TW086119447A patent/TW386109B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-01-30 US US08/994,479 patent/US7256169B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1186110A (zh) | 1998-07-01 |
HUP9702513A2 (hu) | 1999-06-28 |
NO975974L (no) | 1998-06-22 |
CA2226071A1 (fr) | 1998-06-21 |
HU9702513D0 (en) | 1998-03-02 |
CA2226071C (fr) | 2003-01-07 |
JPH10251686A (ja) | 1998-09-22 |
CZ414697A3 (cs) | 1998-07-15 |
TW386109B (en) | 2000-04-01 |
NO975974D0 (no) | 1997-12-19 |
PL323895A1 (en) | 1998-06-22 |
HUP9702513A3 (en) | 2000-08-28 |
EP0849355A2 (fr) | 1998-06-24 |
ES2218632T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
EP0849355A3 (fr) | 1999-12-15 |
JP3258952B2 (ja) | 2002-02-18 |
US7256169B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
US20040176268A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
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