EP0842000A1 - Materiau a configuration de grille - Google Patents

Materiau a configuration de grille

Info

Publication number
EP0842000A1
EP0842000A1 EP96913524A EP96913524A EP0842000A1 EP 0842000 A1 EP0842000 A1 EP 0842000A1 EP 96913524 A EP96913524 A EP 96913524A EP 96913524 A EP96913524 A EP 96913524A EP 0842000 A1 EP0842000 A1 EP 0842000A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
wire
frame
wire mesh
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96913524A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan Priluck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jonathan Aerospace Materials Europe AB
Jonathan Aerospace Materials Corp
Original Assignee
Jonathan Aerospace Materials Europe AB
Jonathan Aerospace Materials Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jonathan Aerospace Materials Europe AB, Jonathan Aerospace Materials Corp filed Critical Jonathan Aerospace Materials Europe AB
Publication of EP0842000A1 publication Critical patent/EP0842000A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/02—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets without additional connecting elements or material at crossings, e.g. connected by knitting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/08—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings
    • B21F27/10—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings with soldered or welded crossings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/128—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of three-dimensional form by connecting wire networks, e.g. by projecting wires through an insulating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K11/008—Manufacturing of metallic grids or mats by spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/22—Nets, wire fabrics or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on a U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08 / 033,111, filed March 18, 1993, and a continuation-in-part application filed thereon.
  • the invention relates to building materials or structural components and a method for their production. More specifically, the invention relates to a structured material or building material, which has a multi-dimensional lattice structure, and a method for its production.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a high-strength, low-weight building material, which is designed as a multi-dimensional grid.
  • the building material according to the present invention is characterized by a wire mesh.
  • the wire mesh is typically designed in the form of evenly stacked pyramids in a three-dimensional arrangement. Each pyramid consists of eight wire segments, which are connected to each other at their intersection points.
  • the wire segments are S
  • the material is composed of structural parts that are about 0.005 inches to 0.1 inches [0.1 mm - 2.5 mm] in diameter and 0.03 inches - 0.09 inches long.
  • the material according to the invention is not limited to the materials and wire diameters mentioned above.
  • the term “wire” in the sense of the present invention should not only refer to metal wires, but also to encompass all types of elongated filaments, regardless of the material from which they are made, with only the specific application purpose of the material selection setting limits.
  • the structure according to the invention brings a significant improvement in the mechanical strength of the lattice structure material in relation to the weight when the material is compared with other known structures, for example in the form of homogeneous solid material.
  • the specified preferred diameter range for the wires can also easily be exceeded or fallen short of by a factor of 10.
  • very thin wires in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m diameter, there may be interesting areas of application for the manufacture of extremely stable, yet light and thin-walled components.
  • a material made from steel wire in accordance with the present invention is approximately one-fifth the density of solid steel, yet is of comparable strength. These properties are based on a variety of factors. For example, forces acting on the material are transferred in the same way as forces in a truss or structure with conventional dimensions.
  • the small cross-sectional area of the wires leads to a large surface-to-volume ratio.
  • the isolation of elements reduces the progression of cracks or other defects through the material and also contributes to the even distribution or transmission of loads.
  • the small cross-sectional dimension of the wires used to make the material preferably less than 0.01 inches [0.25 mm] in diameter, results in superior strength properties because the small grain size of the wires prevents crack propagation.
  • the invention is also concerned with methods of manufacturing such elements.
  • the material can be characterized in that it is constructed from a spatial lattice structure, the chemical-physical properties of the material used not being very important at first.
  • the invention is based on Consider which structure of a building material provides the best possible ratio of rigidity or bending strength to the weight of the structural material.
  • the components ie the wires from which the structural material is made, should have good compressive and tensile strength.
  • the "wires" do not necessarily have to consist of a metallic material, but can also consist of a plastic or natural fibers, which are welded or glued to one another accordingly. Although one will generally achieve higher strengths with metallic wires, on the other hand, when using other building materials such as plastics or natural fibers, an extremely low weight can still be achieved with sufficient strength, whereby a correspondingly low weight may not be achievable with metallic materials.
  • the method according to the invention provides that at least three groups of wires or filaments (whereby non-metallic materials are to be included) are arranged in parallel in each group and are superimposed or interwoven at an angle between 10 ° and 90 ° relative to one another, whereby these groups of wires or other filaments are preferably connected to one another at their crossing points by welding or gluing.
  • the three groups of parallel wires or filaments form a structure of triangles which are attached to one another across the entire surface. These can be folded along parallel, equally spaced lines, the wires from one of the groups of parallel wires preferably defining the fold lines.
  • the triangular lattice made of the three groups of parallel wires is folded alternately along neighboring wires from one of the groups in an accordion-like manner.
  • the grid folded in this way appears in a zigzag shape in a side view with two parallel planes of fold lines which are to be referred to here as the upper and lower planes for better differentiation.
  • the fold angle designates the angle between two planes which intersect in one of the fold lines of one plane and run through the two fold lines adjacent to it on the other plane.
  • a variant of the invention is particularly preferred in which the folding angle is selected such that the distance between adjacent folding lines in the upper level and also the distance between adjacent folding lines in the lower level is just equal to the knot distance of the knot or intersection points of the wires along the fold lines is, or that at least these distances between folds and nodes are in the ratio of small integers to each other.
  • the flat gratings are constructed from equilateral triangles, i.e. the three groups of wires intersect each other at angles of 60 °, the arrangement preferably being such that the third group of parallel wires runs exactly along the crossing points of the other two groups, but this does not necessarily have to be the case otherwise.
  • the preferred fold angle, at which the distances between adjacent fold lines of one plane are equal to the distances of the nodes along the fold lines is approximately 51.3 °.
  • Another, different embodiment, which may be preferred for certain application conditions, is composed of three groups of wires, which are oriented relative to each other so that not equilateral, but isosceles triangles form, in which the legs are significantly longer than that Base page.
  • the last-mentioned third group of wires also forms the fold lines, whereby the folding, like in the previously described embodiment, creates a spatial structure made of pyramids, which are only missing two opposite base sides.
  • the resulting pyramids are higher and more pointed and the upper and lower planes are further apart than in the previously-mentioned embodiment, which is constructed from equilateral triangles.
  • two grids rotated perpendicular to one another can be placed one on top of the other and brought to coincide with their nodes and can be connected if the above-mentioned preferred folding angle is observed, which depends on the exact shape of the triangles from which the respective flat grid is constructed.
  • the desired pyramids with completely encircling base edges also result from the connection of two such folding grid structures which are superimposed crosswise.
  • flat grids can also be welded to the folding grids, these flat grids having exactly the structure of the nodes of the upper or lower level of the folding grilles.
  • rectangular lattice structures are created by folding in the upper and lower levels and, with the preferred folding angle, the structure of a square lattice, in particular, according to the present invention, a structure can also be produced from several layers of folding lattices, with suitable layers optionally also flat grid, eg rectangular grid, can be inserted in between. If a flat grid is placed between two folding grilles, the twisting of the folding grilles by 90 ° to one another can be omitted and in this case there is also no need to maintain the preferred folding angle.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a special production of the starting elements, namely the flat grids, which are then optionally folded and connected to one another in several layers to form the final grid block material.
  • a flat or flat web material is used, e.g. a sheet of metal from which part of the material is removed by stamping, etching, drilling or other processes so that the remaining parts of the web material form a coherent network or lattice, the remaining parts of the web material being formed as a lattice and in one piece interconnected "wires" in the sense of the previously described embodiments.
  • the resulting flat grid is the same thickness everywhere, i.e.
  • the material is also as thick at the "crossing points" of "wires" as between these crossing points or knots.
  • the "wires" or the individual webs of the web material that remain in the web material after punching out or etching out corresponding holes do not necessarily have to run along continuous, straight lines, but can already be angled relative to one another in the web plane at the individual nodes his.
  • the nodes do not necessarily have to be arranged on three groups of parallel lines, the three groups crossing each other, but more complicated structures are also conceivable, in which the individual nodes are in turn arranged along parallel, straight lines, but possibly more than three groups of parallel lines are necessary to describe the position of all nodes or where the distances of the node lines are smaller or larger compared to materials made from three groups of parallel wires.
  • a correspondingly more complicated structure results, for example, if one imagines that, starting from a wire grid consisting of equilateral triangles, two of the crossing groups of wires do not run exactly straight, but along light zigzag lines, with bends at the nodes and where adjacent wires of the same group are each angled in exactly the opposite direction, so that for a given wire of a group only every second wire runs parallel along the same zigzag line.
  • the resulting triangular lattice is then no longer made up of equilateral triangles, but instead of obliquely angled triangles, the corners of which, however, can still have the symmetry of a lattice made up of equilateral triangles on a larger scale.
  • the "wires" or filaments from which a lattice made of web material is constructed do not necessarily have to have a constant cross section over their entire length, but can for example be wider at the nodes and thus reinforced.
  • planar grids or networks there are a variety of other design options in the structure of planar grids or networks, but should, however, be designed as far as possible so that they have parallel knot lines along which the web material can be folded, so that after folding these knot lines two parallel Define levels and so that in these levels the connection can be made with other grids, one in the connection level 6 have compatible node structure.
  • a "lattice structure” is considered to be “compatible” which either has the same symmetry and the same distance between the nodes, so that the nodes of adjacent lattice planes of the two lattices to be connected can be made to coincide with one another, or at least such a symmetry and such
  • the distance between nodes is such that a considerable part of the nodes of the neighboring grids, for example at least 10%, can be covered and thus connected to one another.
  • this also applies in an analogous manner if the nodes of adjacent grids are not connected to one another, but rather one node of one grid is connected to a connecting web between two adjacent nodes of the other grid.
  • certain symmetry and spacing conditions must be met so that the connection points are distributed as evenly as possible over the connection plane, so that the forces acting on the material during later use are evenly distributed and derived.
  • the method according to the invention includes providing equipment that is capable of accommodating a series of sliding blocks and a weaving frame in which the sliding blocks can be arranged. Next, fine wires are attached to the loom and then woven. Following the weaving, the wires are welded together. The resulting sheets or sheet material can then be used in the desired manner or shaped as necessary to create a corrugated material.
  • the material according to the invention can be produced in elongated sections and using suitable mounting and welding structures. These elongated sections can then be corrugated or shaped as desired. The individual steps of these methods according to the invention will be discussed in detail below.
  • the stenter is a substantially flat ring that has three sets of opposing tracks with T-shaped slots that are at 120 ° intervals are arranged.
  • the slide block assemblies which are sized and shaped to fit within the tracks of the tenter frame, have rows of parallel grooves to capture the wires and hold them in place.
  • the loom which consists of three grooved stands on a rotating, triangular platform, is prepared.
  • the loom is prepared to include three posts that have positioning surfaces on which the slide block assemblies are locked before the wire is withdrawn from the spool. While the winding frame or weaving frame and thus also the stands are rotating, the wire continues to run down through the grooves of the slide blocks, so that after one revolution the wire runs into the next deep groove.
  • the wire is cut off next to the sliding blocks.
  • the slide blocks are mounted on the previously prepared frame so that they form a wire mesh or a matrix.
  • the nodes of the wire matrix i.e. the points at which the wires overlap one another are then connected to one another using a forging press.
  • the forging press applies heat and pressure evenly to all connections at the same time in order to achieve welding at each node.
  • the material can be removed from the sliding blocks and the tenter.
  • the flat material thus produced using the method of the invention can be used in isolation as a building material.
  • the resulting material can be bent or kinked using a press, ram, and die, or by passing through a set of sawtooth rollers to form corrugated pleats.
  • This latter material can be alternately stacked and bonded with flat sheets of the material to form a thicker three-dimensional material.
  • a set of wires is positioned on a second holding frame.
  • a wire is placed on a first holding frame.
  • the first and second holding frames are then moved opposite each other such that the wires of the second holding frame are arranged at a relative angle of about 60 ° to the wire on the first frame.
  • the wires of the second frame are welded to the wire on the first frame. Welding can be done wire by wire or in groups, as desired.
  • the wires in the second frame are advanced so that the wire in the first frame can be moved into an adjacent groove. Then a second wire is placed in the first frame and the ⁇ 0
  • the welding process is repeated. This process continues until a substructure of desired dimensions is made from two sets of welded wires.
  • a third set of wires is welded to the two wire substructure discussed above.
  • a wire is placed in the first holding frame.
  • the first and second support frames are then moved to a position opposite each other so that all of the wires are aligned at relative angles of about 60 °. This means that a row is formed from equilateral triangles.
  • the wires are welded together at the intersections.
  • the welding can be done wire by wire or in groups as desired. When the welding of the wires is completed, the finished material is released from the holding frame.
  • the material produced using the alternative method of the invention can also be used in isolation as a structural material or building and construction material.
  • the material so produced can also be bent or kinked using a press, a press die and a die, or by passing it through a set of sawtooth rollers to form corrugated or serrated or serrated sheets. This latter material can be alternately stacked and bonded with flat sheets of the material to form a thicker three-dimensional material.
  • a series of parallel wires is tensioned, which can be advanced in parallel in their longitudinal direction by a welding device.
  • the corresponding device also contains guiding and / or tensioning devices in order to keep the first group of wires parallel and contains further guiding and tensioning devices for a second group of parallel wires which extend at an angle to the first-mentioned group of wires , which angle can be between 10 ° and 90 °.
  • the corresponding device also has a third group of guide elements or tensioning devices, with the aid of which a third group of parallel wires is aligned so that it extends to the first two groups at an angle between 10 ° and 90 °, preferably below the same Angle to the first group, which also includes the second group with the first group.
  • the guide and tensioning devices are arranged so that the three groups of wires each have common intersection or overlay points. Welding can be carried out one after the other, ie ⁇ first between wires of the first and second group and then between wires of the third and second group, but it can also be done on all three groups or individual wires at the same time. The wires are then lifted out of appropriate guides and moved a distance that corresponds to the working area of the welding device.
  • the groups of wires can simply be arranged one above the other in layers, but if necessary they can also be interwoven, which, however, complicates the manufacturing process.
  • the invention features a method and a device having steps, design features, combinations of elements and arrangements of parts designed to effect such steps as exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, the scope of which Invention is specified by the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the construction material of FIG. 1
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view from above of a section of the construction or
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of the structural material of the invention, which has a corrugated or corrugated cross-sectional structure
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a further embodiment of the structural material of the invention.
  • Structural material of the invention is, which alternate layers of the in the
  • Figures 1-3 have illustrated embodiments of the invention
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the structural material of the figure
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the frame or stretcher for which
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the loom and spool frame used for the
  • Top views are first and second support frames used to make the structural material of the invention by the alternative
  • FIG. 9 shows a flat grid, which is made up of isosceles triangles with a small one
  • Figure 10 schematically shows the structural change associated with a folding process.
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of a folded grid with a preferred folding angle, so that the
  • FIG. 12 shows a detail from FIG. 11 in a perspective view
  • FIG. 13 shows a grid made from a web material.
  • FIGS. 1-8 illustrate a structural material 10 embodying the present invention.
  • the structural material 10 is produced from a grid or network of fine wire segments 12, which are connected to one another at their nodes 14.
  • the fine wire segments 12 are sections of a continuous wire 16.
  • the structural material 10 is characterized by a grid of fine wire segments 12.
  • the structural material 10 can be flat or corrugated or jagged in cross-section, depending on the intended technical application.
  • the structural material 10 has a multilayer structure which consists of pyramids 18 stacked uniformly in a three-dimensional arrangement. Each pyramid 18 consists of eight wire sections 12, which are connected to one another at their nodes 14.
  • the wire segments 12 typically consist of brass, stainless steel or EDM wire.
  • the fine wires 12 preferably have a diameter between 0.005 inches and 0.01 inches [0.125-0.254 mm].
  • the wire sections 12 are typically between 0.02 inches and 0.1 inches [0.5-2.5 mm] long.
  • a currently preferred wire material is 0.08 inches in diameter and is made of stainless steel.
  • the invention also contemplates alternative methods of making structural material 10.
  • a first method uses tenter assemblies 22 and loom assemblies 26, which are described in detail below.
  • An alternative method uses holding frames 70 and 72, which are shown in Figures 8A and 8B, to manufacture the material according to the invention.
  • a frame 22 is provided which is designed to accommodate a series of sliding blocks 24.
  • a weaving frame 26 in which the slide blocks 24 can be placed during the initial weaving is prepared.
  • a continuous wire 16 for weaving is assembled.
  • the wire 16 is then drawn into the weaving frame 26 and interwoven as required.
  • the wire or wires 16 are positioned in the frame 22 and typically connected to one another at the nodes or intersections 14 of the wire segments 12.
  • the resulting sheets or sheets can then be used as desired or shaped as required to produce a multi-layer material.
  • the frame 22 and the sliding blocks 24 are assembled. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, these devices serve to keep the wires or wire filaments 16 under tension and in the correct orientation before welding.
  • the frame 22 is a flat ring 28 that has three sets of opposing rails or guides 30 that have T-shaped slots 35.
  • the rails 30 are arranged at angular intervals or intervals of 120 °. This angle is therefore selected so that when the three sets of sliding blocks 24, which have wires or filaments 16 extending therefrom, are arranged in the frame 22, the intersecting wire segments 12 form a plurality of equilateral triangles .
  • the slide blocks 24 each have a first portion 32 with a surface 33 that has a series of parallel grooves 34 to receive the wires 16 and to hold them precisely in place.
  • a second surface 37 which is arranged on the visible side of each of the sliding blocks 24, is designed such that it can be mounted on the stands 38 of the weaving frame 26, which will be described in more detail below.
  • Each slide block 24 also has a second portion 36 that is configured to fit the first portion 32.
  • the second section 36 is sized and shaped to engage the wires when the weaving described below is accomplished.
  • the first and second sections 32 and 36 can be connected using machine screws, bolts, and other fasteners that those skilled in the art are familiar with.
  • the weaving frame 26, which is shown in FIG. 7 and which consists of three stands 38 on a rotating, triangular platform 40, is prepared.
  • Each post 38 has a positioning surface 42 on which the first portions 32 of the slide blocks 24 are attached before the wire 16 is drawn into the weaving frame 26.
  • the positioning surfaces 42 on the stands 38 are designed in such a way that they secure the sliding blocks 24, their grooved surfaces 33 being turned outwards.
  • each of the second surfaces 37 of the first sections 32 is placed on the sliding blocks 24 in contact with a surface of one of the stands 38 to prepare the weaving frame 26 for weaving.
  • the sliding blocks 24 can on the stands 38 e.g. using machine screws, bolts, or other fasteners known to those skilled in the art.
  • the weaving frame 26 and thus also the stand 38 are rotated so as to pull the wire 16 over the grooves 34 of the sliding blocks 24.
  • the frame 26 is rotated such that after one revolution the wire 16 runs into the next deep groove 34 of each sliding block 24. This process continues until all of the grooves 34 of the slide blocks 24 contain a portion of the wire 16.
  • wire filament 16 is preferably held under a tension between about 0.05 and 0.2 ounces [1.4-6 g]. If one carries out this method, a parallel field of the wire or wires 16 is formed between all the stands 38.
  • the second section 36 of each of the sliding blocks 24 is arranged above each of the first sections 32. The wire 16 is then fixed in position for further treatment. The wire 16 is then severed.
  • the wire 16 is cut along the uprights 38, e.g. a welding torch is used. This process creates three independent sections 46 with a slide block 24 at each end of a wire section 48. The slide blocks 24 are then released from the positioning surfaces 42 and transported to the frame 22.
  • the sliding blocks 24 and the wire sections 48 are mounted on the frame 22 and the wire sections 48 are connected to one another using a forging press.
  • the sliding blocks 24 are positioned in the T-slots 35 of the rails 30.
  • Similar T-slots 35, sliding blocks 24 and wire sections 48 are mounted on the frame 22 at relative angles of 120 °.
  • An arrangement in this manner creates a trigonal grid of wire segments 12 which have the shape of a plurality of equilateral triangles 50. Each triangle 50 has three nodes 14 in common with its neighboring triangles 50.
  • a forging press which is familiar to those skilled in the art, is used to apply heat and pressure to all of the nodes 14 at the same time.
  • the press delivers a pressure of about 50 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 1250 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the wire segments 12 are preferably welded together under vacuum. As soon as all nodes 14 are connected to one another, the resulting structural material 10 can be removed from the frame 22 and possibly the side blocks 24.
  • Figures 8A and 8B show support frames 70 and 72 which can be used for an alternative method of the invention to make the material of the invention.
  • the holding frame 70 has an approximately rectangular shape.
  • a series of grooves 74 are cut into the surface 76 of the frame 70. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the dimension of the grooves 74 is determined by the dimension of the wire used to construct the material and grid in accordance with the invention.
  • the grooves 74 are even on the surface 76 ⁇ 6 spaced apart. In general, the spacing between the grooves 74 is determined by the desired properties of the material and grid produced.
  • the grooves 74 are separated from each other between about 0.03 inches and 0.07 inches [0.75 mm - 1.8 mm].
  • the grooves 74 are separated by approximately 0.05 inches [approximately 1.27 mm].
  • the grooves 74 run parallel.
  • a slot 78 is cut into an edge 80 of the frame 70 to provide access for a welding electrode (not shown).
  • the holding frame 72 has a polygonal shape with at least two sides 82 and 84, which are arranged at an angle relative to one another.
  • the angle between the sides 82 and 84 of the holding frame 72 is selected such that the wires, when placed on the frame 72, are oriented at about 60 ° relative to a wire placed on the holding frame 70.
  • the frame 72 also has a series of grooves 86 cut into one of its surfaces 88. Again, those skilled in the art will recognize that the dimension of the grooves 86 is determined by the dimension of the wire used to construct the material and grid in accordance with the present invention.
  • the grooves 86 are evenly spaced from one another on the surface 88. The distance between the grooves 86 is determined by the desired properties of the material and grid produced.
  • the grooves are spaced apart by about 0.03 inches to about 0.07 inches [about 0.75 mm - 1.8 mm].
  • the grooves 86 are about 0.05 inches apart.
  • the grooves 86 are parallel.
  • a flange 90 held in place by a screw 92, extends over a portion of the surface 88 of the support frame 72. In use, the flange 90 and screw 92 cooperate to secure or secure the wires disposed on the frame 70. hold tight.
  • a first set of wires is placed in the grooves 86 of the frame 72. Once these are placed, the flange 90 is placed over the wires and secured using the screw 92.
  • a wire is placed in the groove 74 which is closest to the edge 80 of the frame 70.
  • the first and second frames 70 and 72 are then brought into a contact position next to each other so that the wires overlap and at a relative angle of are aligned approximately 60 ° to each other.
  • the wires held in frame 72 overlap the wire held in frame 70.
  • the wires are then welded together at the intersections. The welding can be done wire by wire or in groups, as desired.
  • the substructure or substructure is moved so that the wire in the frame 70 now rests in the groove which is further from the edge 80 or the one after that.
  • a new wire is then placed in the groove 74 closest to the edge 80 and the welding process begins again.
  • successive wires held in the first frame 70 are attached to the wires held in the second frame 72.
  • a third set of wires is attached to the substructure of wires, which was produced according to the method described above.
  • a wire is again arranged in the groove 74 which is closest to the edge 80 of the frame 70.
  • the first and second frames 70, 72 are again moved side by side in contact so that all of the wires overlap and are arranged at relative angles of about 60 °.
  • the wires are then welded together again at the intersections.
  • the welding can be done wire by wire or in groups as required.
  • the material 10 of the invention is removed from the frames.
  • the material 10 can then be processed further as desired.
  • the structural material 10, which is produced using the methods according to the invention, can be used in isolation, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the structural material can also be corrugated or folded as shown in Figure 3, e.g. using a press, press die and die, or by running it through a set of sawtooth rollers to form corrugated webs.
  • the folded or corrugated embodiment of the structural material 10, which is shown in FIG. 3, is preferably produced by sending the pleaded structural material, which is shown in FIG. 1, through a roller press.
  • the roller press has a substantially flat protruding part and a curved recessed part.
  • the curved recessed part tangentially contacts the flat projecting part along a single line, in operation the structural material 10 is bent along the line of contact between the projecting and recessed parts of the press.
  • This structure is preferred because it allows the structural material 10 to contract as it is bent.
  • the structural material made using the method according to the invention can also be used to form a larger, multi-layered structure, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • alternating layers of the flat structural material 10 according to FIG. 1 with the corrugated or folded structural material 10 according to FIG lg are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • Figure 3 connected. To form this material, the layers are first stacked on top of one another, as shown in FIG. Next, the loose material 10 is placed in the forging press and welded according to the method described above in connection with the method for forming a single sheet of the structural material 10.
  • a section of a wire was inserted into the grooves, which were cut into the surface of a second holding frame (FIG. 8B).
  • a single wire was placed in the first groove of a first holding frame ( Figure 8 A).
  • the wires arranged in both frames were made of stainless steel, had a diameter of 0.008 inches [0.2 mm] and were obtained from All Stai ⁇ less Co. in Hingham, Massachu ⁇ setts.
  • the ends of the wires placed in the second frame were aligned so that each wire extended approximately 0.01 inches beyond the edge of the frame.
  • the wires arranged in the second frame were then brought into contact with the single wire arranged in the first frame.
  • the wires were oriented so that the wires in the second frame were at a relative angle of 60 ° to the wire in the first frame.
  • an electrode was brought into contact with the wires in the second frame and the single wire in the first frame. More specifically, an electrode was placed at each intersection to exert five (5) pounds of pressure on each wire transition.
  • the electrode was connected to a power source capable of providing a regulated percentage of nominal current ranging from one (1) to ninety (99) percent in 1% increments for a regulated number of sixty (60) Hertz cycles (each cycle being approximately 16.7 ms) ranging from one (1) to seventy (70) cycles in one (1) cycle increments.
  • a current of 55% of the standard nominal current was delivered to the intersection during one (1) cycle. This process was repeated until all intersection points were welded together.
  • the partial assembly of the first and second wires was again placed in the second frame and then a third frame was placed in the first frame. At every intersection an electrode was again placed in contact with the wires so that it applied five (5) pounds of pressure to each wire junction. A current of approximately sixty-five (65) percent of the standard nominal current was delivered to the intersection during one cycle using the power supply described above. This process was repeated until all intersection points were welded together. It can therefore be seen that the invention achieves the objectives described above in an efficient manner, among all the others which are obvious from the description above. In particular, the present invention provides a high strength, low weight structural material and an efficient method for its manufacture.
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows, as an example, a section of a flat sheet material which has been given the structure of a regular triangular lattice by punching out or etching.
  • the removed areas When viewed from above, the removed areas have approximately the shape of equilateral triangles rounded at the corners, so that knot points or knot surfaces are created which are reinforced compared to the filaments forming the knots.
  • Possible crease lines when folding such a grid are indicated by dash-dotted lines
  • the cutouts in the web material can have any shape and arrangement in principle, so that not only can all structures be produced which can also be produced with groups of parallel wires, but also further, more complicated lattice and network structures. Starting from such a flat grid or network, it can in turn be folded and connected to similar or also to other folded or flat gratings and stacked in layers in order to produce the block material therefrom.
  • FIG. 9 shows a section of a flat grid in which three groups of ao
  • Wires 1, 2 and 3 are each aligned parallel to one another, groups 2 and 3 intersecting at an angle of approximately 40 ° and with the third group 1 both enclosing an angle of approximately 70 °.
  • the folding lines preferably run along the first group 1 of wires, the second and third groups 2, 3 of wires then forming a pyramid structure.
  • FIG. 10 shows the effect of the folding process on the structure in the upper and lower levels 4, 4 'of a folded grid.
  • Figure 10 shows a flat grid at the bottom left, which is made up of equilateral triangles.
  • the wires 1, 1 'from one of the groups of parallel wires are selected as fold lines.
  • the folding can be done with the help of rollers, bending devices or presses.
  • a top view of the folded grid is shown schematically at the top left in FIG.
  • the wires 1 define an upper lattice plane 4 and the wires 1 "define a lower lattice plane 4 '.
  • Also shown in FIG. 10 at the top left is the folding angle ⁇ , which is defined as the angle of two intersecting planes, the planes being in one cut the fold lines and run through one of the next adjacent fold lines of the other plane.
  • the folded grid is shown in a top view from above on the right in FIG.
  • four grid points on wires 1, which define the upper plane 4 are highlighted in the flat grid by circling.
  • the same circled grid points can also be seen on the right in the folded grid, their distance in the direction of the fold lines 1 not having changed, but the distance perpendicular to the fold lines 1, 1 '.
  • this horizontal distance in the folded lattice depends only on the folding angle ⁇ .
  • ⁇ In the case of a planar lattice which is made up of equilateral triangles and which has a hexagonal structure, one can achieve with a folding angle ⁇ of approximately 51.3 ° that the horizontal distance of the lattice points designated by a in FIG. the distance between adjacent fold lines of the same plane 4 or 4 'becomes equal to the distance b of the grid points along the fold lines 1, 1'.
  • FIG. 11 Such a case is shown in FIG. 11.
  • the area marked 5 in FIG. 11 is shown again in a perspective illustration in FIG.
  • a total of twelve pyramids can be seen in FIG. 12, the tips of which are connected to one another by the wires 1, while the wires 1 'of the lower level 4' each define parallel side edges of the lower levels of the pyramids.
  • the structure is only rigid in one direction and has a high resistance to bending around an axis that is perpendicular to the fold lines in plane 4 or 4 '.
  • such a grid initially offers little resistance to bending about an axis parallel to the fold lines, since the lower edges of these pyramids running horizontally in FIG. 12 are still missing from the pyramids.
  • one takes an identical folded grid rotates it by 90 ° with respect to that shown in FIGS.
  • the grids must be folded beforehand. If the two grids are exactly aligned with each other, in the case of only two grids, the welding can still be carried out by a forging press which engages the pyramid tips from one side of the grids. In the case of structures consisting of several layers, however, this type of operation is not readily possible. If, however, the grids are manufactured very precisely and lie on top of one another in a suitable manner, the welding can also be carried out by placing large-area electrodes on the two outer sides of the grids, through which a suitable current surge then occurs
  • plates or foils can of course also be welded or glued to the pyramid tips and base points of the folded grids. This applies in particular to the outermost layers of single or multi-layer grids.
  • the structural material according to the invention can then also be used for gas-tight and liquid-tight partition walls or containers.
  • interstices of the grid can be filled in independently of or in addition to the surface covering, e.g. B. with a synthetic resin or other flowable, preferably curable substances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau structural ayant la configuration ou la forme d'une grille en fil de fer. Le matériau structural peut être obtenu tout d'abord par entrelaçage d'un fil de fer continu sur une structure de tissage. Une fois le fil de fer enroulé en un réseau de fils parallèles, il est fixé sur place et est séparé en segments. Ces segments sont ensuite disposés dans un cadre. Le cadre permet de disposer les segments à des angles relatifs, de manière à ce qu'ils forment une matrice, un réseau ou un tamis. Lors de l'étape suivante de la production, les fils de fer sont soudés les uns aux autres, à l'aide par exemple d'une presse à forger. Selon une variante du procédé, pour former le matériau, les segments de fil de fer sont tout d'abord maintenus dans une paire de cadres, puis sont soudés les uns aux autres. Le matériau structural réalisé selon l'invention peut s'utiliser seul ou en strates, pour former un matériau multicouche.
EP96913524A 1995-07-30 1996-04-25 Materiau a configuration de grille Withdrawn EP0842000A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19527618 1995-07-30
DE1995127618 DE19527618A1 (de) 1995-07-30 1995-07-30 Gitterblockmaterial
DE19542510A DE19542510A1 (de) 1995-07-30 1995-11-15 Gitterblockmaterial
DE19542510 1995-11-15
PCT/EP1996/001724 WO1997004897A1 (fr) 1995-07-30 1996-04-25 Materiau a configuration de grille

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0842000A1 true EP0842000A1 (fr) 1998-05-20

Family

ID=26017224

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96913524A Withdrawn EP0842000A1 (fr) 1995-07-30 1996-04-25 Materiau a configuration de grille

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0842000A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11514928A (fr)
KR (1) KR19990035888A (fr)
CN (1) CN1192173A (fr)
AU (1) AU5647796A (fr)
BR (1) BR9610090A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ23498A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE19527618A1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9802346A3 (fr)
IL (1) IL118177A0 (fr)
MX (1) MX9800799A (fr)
NO (1) NO980397L (fr)
PL (1) PL324801A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK12298A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997004897A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19720792A1 (de) * 1997-05-17 1998-11-19 Hans Hoffmann Verfahren zum Herstellen einer dreidimensional gitterartigen Struktur und eine nach dem Verfahren hergestellte dreidimensional gitterartige Struktur
DE19721586A1 (de) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-26 Jonathan Aerospace Materials E Dreidimensionale Gitterstruktur sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung
DE19853576A1 (de) * 1998-11-20 2000-05-25 Jonathan Aerospace Materials E Verfahren zum Gießen von Strukturen mit stabförmigen Elementen und damit hergestelltes Gußteil
DE19927670C2 (de) * 1999-06-17 2001-08-16 Akzo Nobel Nv Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Geogitters durch Falten eines zweidimensionalen, gitterförmigen Flächengebildes sowie danach hergestelltes dreidimensionales Gitter
WO2005044483A1 (fr) 2003-11-07 2005-05-19 Ki Ju Kang Structures legeres cellulaires tridimensionnelles directement tissees par des fils continus et procede de fabrication de ces structures
FR2932705B1 (fr) * 2008-06-19 2011-02-11 C T I F Ct Tech Des Ind De La Fonderie Preforme et procede pour la fabrique, par moulage, d'un materiau solide a structure cellulaire
DE102008063289A1 (de) 2008-12-30 2010-07-01 Kieselstein Gmbh Dreidimensionale Drahtstruktur in Leichtbauweise und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN102079006A (zh) * 2010-10-18 2011-06-01 杭州珂瑞特机械制造有限公司 中凸模轮成型网碰焊焊接制作工艺
CN106033844B (zh) * 2015-03-20 2020-10-13 深圳光启高等理工研究院 陶瓷基超材料及其制造方法
JP6059841B1 (ja) 2016-05-16 2017-01-11 則之 加納 ２次元スチール製織物と一体化した樹脂構造体の成形方法
CN108539365B (zh) * 2018-03-28 2020-07-14 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种星载网状天线网面
CN115556437A (zh) * 2022-10-08 2023-01-03 上海兰钧新能源科技有限公司 一种电池包用的底护板及电池包

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US2384157A (en) * 1942-04-03 1945-09-04 Edmund P Burke Multitrussed unit
US3298402A (en) * 1965-02-15 1967-01-17 Jesse R Hale Method for fabricating space structures
NL6905376A (fr) * 1969-02-10 1970-10-12
DE2720278C2 (de) * 1977-05-05 1985-03-21 Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd., Hirakata, Osaka Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verstärkten Metallfilters
DE3702916C2 (de) * 1987-01-31 1996-05-09 Dieter Prof Dr Ing Wuestenberg Leichtbau - Konstruktionselement

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ23498A3 (cs) 1999-04-14
DE19527618A1 (de) 1997-02-06
NO980397L (no) 1998-03-26
KR19990035888A (ko) 1999-05-25
CN1192173A (zh) 1998-09-02
IL118177A0 (en) 1996-09-12
JPH11514928A (ja) 1999-12-21
DE19542510A1 (de) 1997-05-22
WO1997004897A1 (fr) 1997-02-13
NO980397D0 (no) 1998-01-29
PL324801A1 (en) 1998-06-22
MX9800799A (es) 1998-11-29
AU5647796A (en) 1997-02-26
HUP9802346A3 (en) 1999-07-28
HUP9802346A2 (hu) 1999-02-01
SK12298A3 (en) 1998-08-05
BR9610090A (pt) 1999-01-05

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