EP0839178A1 - Amorphes alkalisilicat-compound - Google Patents
Amorphes alkalisilicat-compoundInfo
- Publication number
- EP0839178A1 EP0839178A1 EP96924857A EP96924857A EP0839178A1 EP 0839178 A1 EP0839178 A1 EP 0839178A1 EP 96924857 A EP96924857 A EP 96924857A EP 96924857 A EP96924857 A EP 96924857A EP 0839178 A1 EP0839178 A1 EP 0839178A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- silicate
- weight
- alkali
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- -1 alkali metal carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009490 roller compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 38
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 11
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound O1B(O)OB2OB(O)OB1O2 XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C(C)=O)CCN(C(C)=O)C(C)=O BGRWYDHXPHLNKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940090960 diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
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- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tetradecanol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical class CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMMFSKPGXCMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-sulfophenyl)ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O NSMMFSKPGXCMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMINFSMURORWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodeca-1(10),8,11-triene-2,7-dione Chemical class O=C1OCCOC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 MMINFSMURORWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REJHVSOVQBJEBF-OWOJBTEDSA-N 5-azaniumyl-2-[(e)-2-(4-azaniumyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)ethenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=C(N)C=C1S(O)(=O)=O REJHVSOVQBJEBF-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000193422 Bacillus lentus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KFYMNPZPECCLLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)N1C(CC(N(C1)C(C)=O)=O)=O Chemical compound C(C)(=O)N1C(CC(N(C1)C(C)=O)=O)=O KFYMNPZPECCLLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940120146 EDTMP Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003544 H2B4O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001480714 Humicola insolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108700020962 Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000187392 Streptomyces griseus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000787 Subtilisin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001083 [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-1,2,4,5-tetraacetyloxy-6-oxohexan-3-yl] acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetraacetyloxy-6-oxohexyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C=O UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005588 carbonic acid salt group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003123 carboxymethyl cellulose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007257 deesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N edtmp Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O NFDRPXJGHKJRLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexasodium;trioxido(trioxidosilyloxy)silane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXLLDUPXUVRMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanediperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OO SXLLDUPXUVRMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004967 organic peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoborinic acid Chemical compound OB=O VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003797 telogen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 KUCOHFSKRZZVRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxidane Chemical group OOO JSPLKZUTYZBBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/08—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of a surfactant-containing amorphous alkali silicate / alkali carbonate compound with secondary washing ability, which can be used as a water-soluble builder in detergents or cleaning agents, and to the use of such alkali silicate compounds in washing or cleaning agents, extruded washing agents or Detergents and a process for their preparation.
- Modern, compacted detergents or cleaning agents generally have the disadvantage that, owing to their compact structure, they show poorer dissolving behavior in aqueous liquors than, for example, lighter spray-dried detergents or cleaning agents of the prior art.
- Detergents or cleaning agents generally tend to have a poorer dissolving rate in water, the higher their degree of compaction.
- Zeolites which are usually contained in washing or cleaning agents as builder substances, can additionally contribute to the deteriorated dissolving behavior due to their insolubility in water.
- a water-soluble alternative for the zeolite are amorphous alkali silicates with secondary washing power.
- spray or roller drying of water glass solutions it is known to obtain hydrated water-soluble silicates in powder form which still contain about 20% by weight of water (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition 1982, volume 21, page 412).
- Such products are commercially available for various purposes.
- Such powders have a very loose structure due to spray drying; their bulk weights are generally well below 700 g / l.
- Alkali silicates in granular form with higher bulk densities can be obtained according to the teaching of European patent application EP-A-0526978, an alkali silicate solution having a solids content of between 30 and 53% by weight being introduced into a heated drum along its longitudinal axis a shaft with a plurality of arms rotating close to the inner surface of the drum rotates, the drum wall having a temperature between 150 and 200 ° C and the drying process is assisted by a gas fed into the drum with a temperature between 175 and about 250 ° C . This process gives a product whose average particle size is in the range between 0.2 and 2 mm. A preferred drying gas is heated air.
- European patent application EP-A-0 542 131 describes a process in which a product which is completely soluble in water at room temperature and has a bulk density of between 500 and 1200 g / l is obtained. Drying is preferably carried out using heated air.
- a cylindrical dryer with a heated wall 160 to 200 ° C.
- a rotor with scoop-shaped blades rotates at such a speed that the silicate solution has a solids content of between 40 and 60% by weight .-% a pseudoplastic mass with a free water content between 5 and 12 wt .-% arises. Drying is supported by a hot air stream (220 to 260 ° C).
- the older, unpublished application P 44 19745.4 also describes a water-soluble, amorphous and granular alkali silicate, which is prepared in a similar manner to that described in EP-A-0526978, but contains silicic acid.
- amorphous means "X-ray amorphous”. This means that the alkali silicates do not provide sharp reflections in X-ray diffraction recordings, but at most one or more broad maxima, the width of which is several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, this does not rule out the possibility that areas are found in electron diffraction experiments which provide sharp electron diffraction reflections. This is to be interpreted in such a way that the substance has microcrystalline regions in a range of up to approximately 20 nm (max. 50 nm).
- Granular amorphous sodium silicates which are obtained by spray drying aqueous water glass solutions, subsequent grinding and subsequent compression and rounding off with additional removal of water from the ground material, are the contents of US Pat. Nos. 3,912,649, 3,956,467, 3,838,193 and 3,879,527.
- the water content of the products obtained is about 18 to 20% by weight with bulk weights significantly above 500 g / l.
- a process for the production of extrudates with high density is known, a solid and free-flowing premix being extruded under pressure under pressure.
- the solid and free-flowing premix contains a plasticizer and / or lubricant, which causes the premix to soften plastically under the pressure or the entry of specific work and thus to be extrudable. After exiting the hole shape, the system is no longer subjected to shear forces and the viscosity of the system increases in such a way that the extruded strand can be cut to predeterminable extrudate dimensions.
- zeolite used as builders and phosphate substitutes.
- Extruded washing or cleaning agents are known from international patent application WO-A-94/09111, which contain 19% by weight zeolite (based on anhydrous active substance) as well as 12.5% by weight sodium carbonate and 2.2 % By weight of amorphous sodium silicate;
- zeolite can be partially or even completely replaced by water-soluble inorganic builder substances, such as amorphous alkali silicates, if these are used in a specific form.
- EP-A-651 050 describes a process for producing granules which contain, as essential components, an amorphous silicate, an anionic surfactant and a further solid salt, which can be sodium carbonate, for example.
- the further salt is initially introduced and agglomerated with an aqueous "binder" made from alkali metal silicate solution and anionic surfactant.
- Sodium carbonate is one of many selectable salt components. While the binder contains the alkali metal silicate and the anionic surfactant in weight ratios between 1: 3 and 3: 1, the weight ratio between "binder" and salt component nothing said.
- the agglomerates produced in the exemplary embodiments have sodium carbonate contents of less than 10% by weight.
- the preferred salt, which is present in the exemplary embodiments in proportions of 35.5% by weight, is sodium sulfate.
- An object of the invention was to provide further water-soluble builder substances for the partial or complete replacement of zeolite in detergents or cleaning agents, as a result of which the dissolving behavior, in particular of heavy detergents or cleaning agents, should be improved.
- these water-soluble builder substances should also have an absorption capacity for ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents which are liquid to waxy at the processing temperature.
- Another object of the invention was to provide extruded detergents or cleaning agents and a process for their preparation which contain the water-soluble builder substances to the extent that zeolite is partially or completely dispensed with, not only from an application point of view but also from a process point of view can be.
- the invention accordingly relates to a process for the preparation of an anionic surfactant
- the terms “powder form” or “powder form” mean that the substances are in solid, giant form and at least 90% by weight of the particles have a particle diameter of 1 mm or less.
- Sodium and / or potassium silicate are particularly suitable here. Sodium silicates are preferred for economic reasons. However, if, for technical reasons, a particularly high dissolving rate in water is preferred, it is advisable to at least partially replace sodium with potassium.
- the composition of the alkali silicate can be chosen so that the silicate has a potassium content, calculated as K2O, of up to 5% by weight.
- Preferred alkali silicates are present as a compound with alkali carbonate, preferably sodium and / or potassium carbonate.
- the water content of these preferred amorphous alkali silicate compounds is advantageously between 10 and 22% by weight, in particular between 12 and 20% by weight. Water contents of 14 to 19% by weight can be particularly preferred.
- silicates can have been produced by spray drying, granulation and / or compacting, for example by roller compacting.
- Compounds containing carbonate and silicate can also be produced by spray drying, granulation and / or compaction, for example by roller compaction.
- Preferred carbonate-alkali silicate compounds are those which have a weight ratio of carbonate to silicate of 3: 1 to 1: 9 and in particular of 2.5: 1 to 1: 5.
- These commercially available alkali silicates or compounds can be granulated, for example, with aqueous solutions of anionic surfactants or with anionic surfactant acids.
- Amorphous silicates which can be produced according to the above-mentioned US patents by spray drying or in granulators of the turbo-dryer type, for example from Vornm, Italy, are suitable and entirely preferred starting materials with advantageous properties. In the case of turbo granulation, it is possible to produce the compounds directly in the manner according to the invention.
- alkali metal silicate / alkali metal carbonate compounds containing anionic surfactants one can generally proceed in such a way that in a suitable mixing unit or in a fluidized bed at least one of the components alkali metal silicate or alkali metal carbonate is given in powder form and an aqueous solution is sprayed on Anionic surfactants, the if necessary, additionally contains a further component of the compound to be produced in dissolved and / or dispersed form.
- the anionic surfactant can be used as an alkali metal salt, for example as a sodium salt, as a surfactant acid or in partially neutralized form.
- powdered alkali metal arbonate can be initially charged and agglomerated using an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution containing anionic surfactants, which may optionally contain undissolved portions of alkali metal silicate.
- powdered alkali metal silicate can be introduced and agglomerated using an alkali metal carbonate solution containing anionic surfactants.
- a powdery mixture of alkali metal silicate and alkali metal arbonate can be initially charged and this agglomerated using an aqueous anionic surfactant preparation.
- This aqueous preparation can be a real solution, an emulsion or a water-containing surfactant paste.
- the process according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that a preformed compound of alkali metal silicate and alkali metal arbonate is agglomerated with such an aqueous anionic surfactant preparation.
- the preformed compound of alkali metal silicate and alkali metal arbonate can be obtained, for example, by spray drying an aqueous solution or suspension which contains both components.
- a compound can also be used for this, which can be obtained by agglomeration of the one component in powder form with an aqueous solution of the second component.
- the preferred alkali metal carbonate is sodium and / or potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate being preferred for economic reasons.
- the mixing and agglomeration units known in the prior art can be used to produce the compounds. Examples include the turbo dryer described in more detail above, or slower rotating drums, preferably provided with mixing internals, pelletizing plates which rotate about an axis which is preferably inclined to the vertical, and a fluidized bed fluidized by a gas stream.
- Anionic surfactants that are used in the alkali silicate compounds are, above all, surfactants of the sulfonate and / or sulfate type.
- Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C9-Ci3-alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates, and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from Ci2-Ci8 monoolefins with an end or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered.
- alkanesulfonates which are obtained from Ci2-Ci8-alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- Suitable surfactants of the sulphate type are the sulfuric acid monoesters from primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin.
- alk (en) yl sulfates the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of the Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ⁇ o-C2 ⁇ - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on fatty chemical raw materials.
- Ciö-Cj ⁇ - Alk (en) yl sulfates are particularly preferred. It can also be particularly advantageous, and particularly advantageous for machine washing agents, to use Ci6-Ci8 ⁇ alk (en) yl sulfates in combination with lower melting anionic surfactants and in particular with those anionic surfactants that have a lower Krafft point and at relatively low washing temperatures of for example, room temperature up to 40 ° C show a low tendency to crystallize.
- the compounds therefore contain mixtures of short-chain and long-chain fatty alkyl sulfates, preferably mixtures of C12-Cj4-fatty alkyl sulfates or with Cis-Cjg-fatty alkyl sulfates and in particular Ci2-Ci6-fatty alkyl sulfates with Cjö-Cis-fatty alkyl sulfates.
- fatty alkyl sulfates preferably mixtures of C12-Cj4-fatty alkyl sulfates or with Cis-Cjg-fatty alkyl sulfates and in particular Ci2-Ci6-fatty alkyl sulfates with Cjö-Cis-fatty alkyl sulfates.
- not only saturated alkyl sulfates but also unsaturated alkenyl sulfates with an alkenyl chain length of preferably CIOE to C22 are used.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C7-C2i alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-Cn alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol ethylene oxide (EO) or Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohols with 1 up to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foam behavior, they are used in detergents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds contain 15 to 80% by weight alkali silicates, 1 to 20% by weight anionic surfactants and 10 to 22% by weight, preferably 12 to 19% by weight and in particular 14 to 19% by weight. % Water.
- the compounds according to the invention contain 15 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight alkali silicates, 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 65% by weight.
- Alkali carbonates 1.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 2 to 12% by weight anionic surfactants, advantageously alkylbenzenesulfonates and / or alk (en) yl sulfates, and 12 to 19% by weight water.
- the alkali silicate compounds can additionally contain further ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents, preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight and in particular in amounts not above 5% by weight.
- detergents or cleaning agents include, for example, neutral salts such as sodium or potassium sulfates, but also graying inhibitors or nonionic surfactants such as alkyl polyglycosides.
- the alkali silicate compounds according to the invention have a significant absorption capacity for liquid to wax-like ingredients of washing or cleaning agents at the usual processing temperatures.
- Alkali silicate compounds can also absorb certain quantities of liquid components without the addition of anionic surfactants; However, it has been shown that the addition capacity of anionic surfactants increases the absorption capacity of the alkali silicate compounds and improves the flow behavior.
- the alkali silicate compounds containing anionic surfactants according to the invention have an absorption capacity for liquid components which is at least 20% higher than that of the equal-quantity alkali silicate compounds without anionic surfactants.
- Compounds are preferred whose absorption capacity for liquid components has been increased by at least 30% and advantageously even by at least 50%, in each case based on the absorption capacity of the equivalent alkali silicate compounds without anionic surfactants.
- alkali silicate compounds produced according to the invention are therefore claimed, which have been post-treated with liquid components, which include liquid to waxy ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents at processing temperature in the context of this invention.
- suitable liquid components which can be absorbed by the alkali silicate compounds according to the invention are, for example, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and / or foam inhibitors such as silicone oils and paraffin oils.
- nonionic surfactants are particularly preferred, for example alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated and / or ethoxylated and propoxylated, aliphatic C 8 -C 22 alcohols.
- alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol
- the alcohol radical can be methyl-branched linearly or preferably in the 2-position or linear and methyl-branched May contain residues in the mixture, such as are usually present in oxo alcohol residues.
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are also preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, Ci2-Ci4 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-C ⁇ alcohol with 7 EO, Ci3-C ⁇ s alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, Ci2- Ci8 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of Ci2-Ci4 alcohol with 3 EO and Ci2-Ci8 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the specified degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical mean values, which can be an integer or a fraction for a special product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- the alkali silicate compounds produced according to the invention can subsequently be treated with ingredients of washing or cleaning agents. This can be carried out in a conventional manner, for example by mixing or by spraying in a mixer / granulator, if appropriate with subsequent heat treatment.
- the amorphous alkali silicate compounds with secondary washing ability can be used as an additive component to powdery to granular washing or cleaning agents or as a component in the production of the granular washing or cleaning agents, preferably in the granulation and / or compacting.
- the bulk densities of the alkali silicate compounds can vary between approximately 300 and, for example, 950 g / l. Bulk weights of up to 1150 g / l can be achieved with continuous production.
- the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention can have a bulk density between 300 and 1200 g / 1, preferably from 500 to 1000 g / 1, and preferably contain the alkali silicate compounds according to the invention in amounts of 5 to 50% by weight, in particular in amounts of 10 to 40% by weight.
- They can be produced by any of the known methods such as mixing, granulating, compacting such as roller compaction and extrusion. Processes in which several subcomponents, for example spray-dried components and granulated and / or extruded components are mixed together. It is also possible for spray-dried or granulated components to be subsequently treated, for example with nonionic surfactants, in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols, by the customary processes.
- the additional anionic surfactants which may be present in the form of a spray-dried, granulated or extruded compound, either as an additive component in the process or as an additive to other granules.
- Suitable surface modifiers are known from the prior art.
- suitable, finely divided zeolites, silicas, amorphous silicates, fatty acids or fatty acid salts, for example calcium stearate but especially mixtures of zeolite and silica, in particular in a weight ratio of zeolite to silica of at least 1: 1, or zeolite and calcium stearate are particularly preferred.
- Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are extruded washing or cleaning agents with a bulk density above 600 g / l, which contain anionic and optionally nonionic surfactants and an amorphous alkali silicate compound of the type produced according to the invention in the extrudate.
- the alkali silicate compounds containing anionic surfactants surprisingly also have advantages over the alternative alkali silicate compound alternatives free of anionic surfactants from a process engineering point of view. It has been shown that extrusion processes in which in particular anionic surfactant-free alkali silicate-carbonate compounds were used should not be interrupted, since the extrusion mixture lost its plasticity and lubricity so quickly in the rest phase that restarting the system brought about safety-related problems . This problem was solved by replacing the anionic surfactant-free alkali silicate compounds containing anionic surfactant, in particular alkali silicate compounds containing anionic surfactant and carbonate.
- the finished washing or cleaning agents can additionally contain the following ingredients.
- surfactants especially anionic surfactants and, if appropriate, nonionic surfactants, but also cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.
- Suitable anionic surfactants of the sulfonate type are the alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates and alkanesulfonates already mentioned above.
- the esters of oc-sulfo fatty acids are also suitable, e.g. the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- Further suitable anionic surfactants are the ⁇ -sulfofatty acids obtainable by ester cleavage of the oc-sulfofatty acid alkyl esters or their di-salts.
- the mono-salts of the ⁇ -sulfofatty acid alkyl esters are obtained in their industrial production as an aqueous mixture with limited amounts of di-salts.
- the disalt content of such surfactants is usually below 50% by weight of the anionic surfactant mixture, for example up to about 30% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters, which represent mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, such as those produced by esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 mol fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol can be obtained.
- Suitable surfactants of the sulfate type are the sulfuric acid monoesters mentioned from primary alcohols of natural and synthetic origin and, if appropriate, their alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, derivatives.
- Preferred anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the Monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain CQ to Ci8 ⁇ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which are nonionic surfactants in themselves.
- sulfosuccinates the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred.
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- compositions can also contain beefs, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants and soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- detergents or cleaning agents in particular extruded detergents or cleaning agents, which contain 10 to 30% by weight of anionic surfactants are preferred.
- at least 3% by weight and in particular at least 5% by weight of sulfate surfactants are preferred.
- the compositions — based on the total anionic surfactants — contain at least 15% by weight, in particular 20 to 100% by weight, of sulfate surfactants.
- alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol are preferably used as nonionic surfactants.
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula R0 (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms means and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (D,
- R 2 is C0 for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R3 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 is up to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- Nonionic surfactants are contained in the agents according to the invention preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 15% by weight, in particular in amounts of 2 to 10% by weight.
- the compositions can also contain further, additional builder substances and cobuilders.
- additional builder substances such as phosphates, zeolites and crystalline layered silicates can be contained in the agents.
- the synthetic zeolite used is preferably finely crystalline and contains bound water. Suitable are, for example, zeolite A, but also zeolite X and zeolite P and mixtures of A, X and / or P.
- the zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension which is still moist from its production Come into play.
- the zeolite in the event that the zeolite is used as a suspension, it can contain small amounts of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups , Ci2-Ci4 fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols. It is also possible Use zeolite suspensions and zeolite powder. Suitable zeolite powders have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water. Zeolite can be contained in the detergents or cleaning agents in amounts of up to about 40% by weight (based on anhydrous active substances).
- detergents or cleaning agents contain 10 to 16% by weight of zeolite (based on anhydrous active substance) and 10 to 30% by weight of an alkali silicate compound produced according to the invention.
- the washing or cleaning agents contain 0 to 5% by weight of zeolite (based on anhydrous active substance) and 15 to 40% by weight of an alkali silicate compound prepared in accordance with the invention. It is possible for the zeolite not only to be coextruded, but for the zeolite to be introduced into the washing or cleaning agent partially or completely subsequently, that is to say after the extrusion step. Washing or cleaning agents which contain an extrudate which is free of zeolite in the interior of the extrudate grain are particularly preferred.
- Crystalline phyllosilicates and / or conventional phosphates can also be used as substitutes for the zeolite. However, it is preferred that phosphates are contained in the washing or cleaning agents only in small amounts, in particular up to a maximum of 10% by weight.
- Crystalline layered silicates are, in particular, crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi x ⁇ 2 ⁇ + ryH2 ⁇ , where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are suitable.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
- Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and fr-sodium disilicate Na2S ⁇ ' 2 ⁇ 5 * yH2 ⁇ are preferred.
- these crystalline layered silicates are preferably only contained in the extrudates according to the invention in amounts of not more than 10% by weight, in particular less than 8% by weight, advantageously not more than 5% by weight.
- polymeric polycarboxylates can be used as cobuilders.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (based on acid).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally 5,000 to 200,000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000.
- Terpolymers are also particularly preferred, for example those which, according to DE-A-43 00 772, are salts of monomers Acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C-42 21 381 as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.
- Other useful organic cobuilders are the polycarboxylic acids preferably used in the form of their sodium salts, such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons is, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- Suitable builder systems are oxidation products of carboxyl-containing polyglucosans and / or their water-soluble salts, as are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/08251 or the production of which is described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/16110 .
- polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives are also to be mentioned as further preferred builder substances.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in European patent application EP-A-0 280 223.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- cobuilders can be present in the finished washing or cleaning agents in amounts of, for example, 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
- the agents can also contain components which have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles. This effect is particularly evident when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a detergent according to the invention which contains this oil- and fat-dissolving component.
- the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy1 groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or of their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof.
- nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy1 groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic Cellulose ethers
- the agents can also contain constituents which further improve the solubility, in particular of the heavy granules.
- constituents and the introduction of such constituents are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/02176 and in German patent application DE-A-4203031.
- the components preferably used include, in particular, fatty alcohols with 20 to 80 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol, for example tallow fatty alcohol with 30 E0 and tallow alcohol with 40 E0 r, but also fatty alcohols with 14 E0 and polyethylene glycols with a relative molecular weight between 200 and 2000.
- Sodium perborate monohydrate is of particular importance among the compounds which provide H2O2 in water and which serve as bleaching agents.
- Other bleaches that can be used are, for example, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium percarbonate,
- Peroxypyrophosphates citrate perhydrates and H2O2-providing peracid salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
- the bleaching agent content of the agents is preferably 5 to 25% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight, with perborate monohydrate advantageously being used.
- Percarbonate is also preferred as an ingredient. However, percarbonate is preferably not co-extruded, but optionally mixed in subsequently.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the preparations.
- these are N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic peracids with H2O2, preferably N, N'-tetraacylated diamines, p- (alkanoyloxy) benzenesulfonates, furthermore carboxylic acid anhydrides and esters of polyols such as glucose pentaacetate.
- Other known bleach activators are acetylated mixtures of sorbitol and mannitol, as described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 525 239.
- bleach activators in the bleach-containing agents is in the usual range, preferably between 1 and 10% by weight and in particular between 3 and 8% by weight.
- Particularly preferred bleach activators are N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,5,5-triazine (DADHT) and acetylated sorbitoi-mannitol mixtures (S0RMAN).
- foam inhibitors are suitable as foam inhibitors, for example of natural or synthetic origin, which have a high proportion of Ci8 ⁇ C24 fatty acids.
- Suitable non-surfactant-like foam inhibitors are, for example, organopolysiloxanes and their mixtures with microfine, optionally silanized silica, and paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes and their mixtures with silanized silica or bistearylethylenediamide.
- Mixtures of various foam inhibitors are also used with advantages, for example those made of silicones, paraffins or waxes.
- the foam inhibitors, in particular silicone and / or paraffin-containing foam inhibitors are preferably bound to a granular, water-soluble or dispersible carrier substance. Mixtures of paraffins and bistearylethylenediamides are particularly preferred.
- Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces griseus and Humicola insolens are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used.
- Enzyme mixtures are here, for example of protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or of cellulase and lipase or of protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures of protease and / or lipase of special interest.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in Hü11 substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- DETPMP Diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid
- ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid Diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DETPMP) or ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid.
- the agents can also contain further enzyme stabilizers.
- enzyme stabilizers For example, 0.5 to 1% by weight sodium formate can be used. It is also possible to use proteases which are stabilized with soluble calcium salts and a calcium content of preferably about 1.2% by weight, based on the enzyme.
- boron compounds for example boric acid, boron oxide, borax and other alkali metal borates such as the salts of orthoboric acid (H3BO3), metaboric acid (HBO2) and pyroboric acid (tetraboric acid H2B4O7), is particularly advantageous.
- Graying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing graying.
- Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatin, salts of ether carboxylic acids or ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
- Water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose. Soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above can also be used, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone can also be used.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers, such as methyl hydroxyethy1ce11u1ose, methylhydroxypropy1ce11ulose, Methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof, and also polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the composition.
- the agents can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similar compounds, instead of the morpholino group carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g.
- the agents can contain further inorganic salts, also further amorphous alkali silicates of the type described above, and alkali carbonates and / or alkali hydrogen carbonates of the type described above.
- Other inorganic salts which can be considered as ingredients are neutral salts such as sulfates and possibly also chlorides in the form of their sodium and / or potassium salts.
- dyes and fragrances usually contained in washing or cleaning agents can also be contained.
- Example 1 Preparation of alkali silicate / alkali carbonate compounds containing anionic surfactants
- the alkali silicate compounds B1 to B4 according to the invention were obtained in different ways.
- the composition of the compounds (in% by weight) was as follows:
- the sample to be examined is evenly distributed on an aluminum weighing pan and dried from above by infrared heating.
- the drying temperature is controlled by a thermal sensor near the heating coil and is around 130 ° C.
- the exact drying temperature and the required drying time must be determined by calibration. With this determination method, only the water that can be evaporated up to a temperature of about 130 ° C. is recorded, but not the water chemically bound to the amorphous silicate, for the elimination of which higher temperatures are required.
- product B1 53.4 parts by weight of calcined soda and 27.5 parts by weight of sodium silicate were placed in the mixing unit and mixed for a period of 2 minutes. Then 5.5 parts by weight of an aqueous paste of alkylbenzenesulfonate (solids content 55% by weight) and 13.6 97/03168 31 PC ⁇ 7EP96 / 02902
- Parts by weight of the water glass solution used for product B1 are metered. The mixture was then mixed for 2 minutes.
- the products had the following bulk weights (g / 1): Bl 809, B2 465, B3704 and B4719.
- Example 2 Nonionic surfactant absorption capacity of the alkali silicate compounds
- the absorption capacity of the alkali silicate compounds B1 to B4 according to the invention was compared to the reference compound Nabion R 15, tenside-free soda / silicate compound from Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc, which is assumed to be used was produced according to EP-A-488 868, tested with the nonionic surfactant Ci2 ⁇ Ci8 fatty alcohol with 7 E0.
- the nonionic surfactant absorption capacity was determined in accordance with DIN ISO 787, where the above-mentioned nonionic surfactant was used instead of the linseed oil specified there. For this determination, a weighed sample amount is placed on a plate.
- nonionic surfactant Slowly add 4 or 5 drops of nonionic surfactant from a burette. After each addition, the nonionic surfactant is rubbed into the powder with a spatula. The addition of the nonionic surfactant is continued accordingly until aggregations of nonionic surfactant and powder have formed. From this point on, a drop of nonionic surfactant is added and rubbed with the spatula. The nonionic surfactant addition is ended when a soft paste has formed. This paste should just be able to spread without tearing or crumbling and just stick to the plate. The amount of nonionic surfactant added is read off the burette and converted to ml of nonionic surfactant per 100 g of sample. The following results were obtained:
- extrudates E5 to E8 according to the invention were produced.
- the extrusion mixtures of agents E5 to E8 could be extruded without any process problems.
- the together Extrudate ratios were as listed in Table 1.
- the bulk density of the extrudates was between 800 and 830 g / 1.
- the extrudates according to the invention showed good dissolving behavior: only slight residues were obtained in the flushing-in behavior and in the solubility test.
- compositions from E5 to E8 (in% by weight):
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19525378 | 1995-07-12 | ||
DE19525378A DE19525378A1 (de) | 1995-07-12 | 1995-07-12 | Amorphes Alkalisilicat-Compound |
PCT/EP1996/002902 WO1997003168A1 (de) | 1995-07-12 | 1996-07-03 | Amorphes alkalisilicat-compound |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0839178A1 true EP0839178A1 (de) | 1998-05-06 |
EP0839178B1 EP0839178B1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=7766637
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96924857A Expired - Lifetime EP0839178B1 (de) | 1995-07-12 | 1996-07-03 | Amorphes alkalisilicat-compound |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6034050A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0839178B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11509248A (de) |
KR (1) | KR19990028914A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1190430A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE187486T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19525378A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2142078T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP9802735A3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997003168A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19501269A1 (de) * | 1995-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Amorphes Alkalisilikat-Compound |
DE19611013A1 (de) * | 1996-03-21 | 1997-09-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Festes Tensid- und Builder-haltiges Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel mit hohem Schüttgewicht oder Compound hierfür |
GB9825558D0 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 1999-01-13 | Unilever Plc | Granular detergent components and particulate detergent compositions containing them |
GB0006443D0 (en) * | 2000-03-18 | 2000-05-10 | Pilkington Plc | Fire resistant glazings |
DE10027624A1 (de) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-06 | Zschimmer & Schwarz Mohsdorf G | Verfahren zur Nachreinigung von gefärbten oder bedruckten polyesterhaltigen textilen Produkten und Mischung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
EP2152847A1 (de) * | 2007-05-17 | 2010-02-17 | The Procter & Gamble | Waschmitteladditivextrudate mit alkylbenzolsulfonat |
EP3231770A1 (de) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-18 | Solvay SA | Extrudierverfahren für die herstellung einer alkalimetallcarbonat-, bicarbonat- und sesquicarbonatformulierung mit einem gelösten funktionalisierungsmittel |
MX2019002639A (es) * | 2016-09-07 | 2019-07-04 | Ecolab Usa Inc | Composiciones detergentes solidas y metodos para ajustar la velocidad de dispensacion de los detergentes solidos que utilizan tensioactivos anonicos solidos. |
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US3838193A (en) * | 1971-03-13 | 1974-09-24 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of treating nitrogen oxide generating substances by combustion |
US3879527A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1975-04-22 | Huber Corp J M | Alkali metal polysilicates and their production |
US3838192A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1974-09-24 | Huber Corp J M | Production of alkali metal polysilicates |
US3956467A (en) * | 1974-06-07 | 1976-05-11 | Bertorelli Orlando L | Process for producing alkali metal polysilicates |
US4265790A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1981-05-05 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Method of preparing a dry blended laundry detergent containing coarse granular silicate particles |
DE3413571A1 (de) * | 1984-04-11 | 1985-10-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verwendung von kristallinen schichtfoermigen natriumsilikaten zur wasserenthaertung und verfahren zur wasserenthaertung |
DE3706036A1 (de) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-09-08 | Basf Ag | Polyacetale, verfahren zu deren herstellung aus dialdehyden und polyolcarbonsaeuren und verwendung der polyacetale |
DE3825858A1 (de) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-02-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Phosphatarme buildersalzkombination |
DK0486592T3 (da) * | 1989-08-09 | 1994-07-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Fremstilling af kompakterede granulater til vaskemidler |
DK0488868T3 (da) * | 1990-11-30 | 1996-03-18 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Builder-middel på basis af akalimetalsilicater til detergentsammensætninger |
ES2083690T3 (es) * | 1991-07-02 | 1996-04-16 | Crosfield Joseph & Sons | Silicatos. |
DE4124701A1 (de) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-01-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung fester wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit hohem schuettgewicht und verbesserter loesegeschwindigkeit |
ATE155165T1 (de) * | 1991-07-31 | 1997-07-15 | Ausimont Spa | Verfahren zur erhöhung der bleichwirksamkeit eines inorganischen persalzes |
DE4134914A1 (de) * | 1991-10-23 | 1993-04-29 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit ausgewaehlten builder-systemen |
IT1252682B (it) * | 1991-11-13 | 1995-06-23 | Vomm Impianti & Processi Srl | Prodotto in granuli di elevato peso specifico, particolarmente quale additivo di detersivi in polvere e metodo per il suo ottenimento |
DE4221381C1 (de) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-02-10 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Pfropf-Copolymerisate von ungesättigten Monomeren und Zuckern, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
DE4203031A1 (de) * | 1992-02-04 | 1993-08-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung fester wasch- und reinigungsmittel mit hohem schuettgewicht und verbesserter loesegeschwindigkeit |
DE4203923A1 (de) * | 1992-02-11 | 1993-08-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von polycarboxylaten auf polysaccharid-basis |
FR2688798B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-20 | 1994-10-14 | Rhobb Poulenc Chimie | Agent "builder" a base de silicate et d'un produit mineral. |
DE4235646A1 (de) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung wasch- und reinigungsaktiver Extrudate |
DE4300772C2 (de) * | 1993-01-14 | 1997-03-27 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Wasserlösliche, biologisch abbaubare Copolymere auf Basis von ungesättigten Mono- und Dicarbonsäuren, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
EP0651050A1 (de) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oberflächenaktive Agglomerate in Teilchenform |
DE4435743C2 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1998-11-26 | Chemolux Sarl | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mehrkomponenten-Granulates |
DE4419745A1 (de) * | 1994-06-06 | 1995-12-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Granuliertes wasserlösliches kieselsäurehaltiges Alkalisilicat |
DE4442977A1 (de) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel mit wasserlöslichen Buildersubstanzen |
DE19501269A1 (de) * | 1995-01-18 | 1996-07-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Amorphes Alkalisilikat-Compound |
-
1995
- 1995-07-12 DE DE19525378A patent/DE19525378A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-07-03 AT AT96924857T patent/ATE187486T1/de active
- 1996-07-03 JP JP9505475A patent/JPH11509248A/ja active Pending
- 1996-07-03 EP EP96924857A patent/EP0839178B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-03 CN CN96195409A patent/CN1190430A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-03 HU HU9802735A patent/HUP9802735A3/hu unknown
- 1996-07-03 DE DE59603874T patent/DE59603874D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-03 US US08/981,923 patent/US6034050A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-03 KR KR1019980700216A patent/KR19990028914A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-03 WO PCT/EP1996/002902 patent/WO1997003168A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-03 ES ES96924857T patent/ES2142078T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9703168A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6034050A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
ES2142078T3 (es) | 2000-04-01 |
EP0839178B1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
HUP9802735A2 (hu) | 1999-03-29 |
DE19525378A1 (de) | 1997-01-16 |
KR19990028914A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
HUP9802735A3 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
DE59603874D1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
CN1190430A (zh) | 1998-08-12 |
WO1997003168A1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
JPH11509248A (ja) | 1999-08-17 |
ATE187486T1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
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