EP0828033A2 - Decks for buildings' floors - Google Patents

Abstract

Individual panel elements (20) are located next to each other and are supported on oppositely located walls. The panels have a top plate-like layer made from concrete or a similar substance, and are self supporting, due to a reinforcing projecting downwards having braces running inside the layer. The panel elements have the static strength for a slab (16). The reinforcing may be in the form of I-beams, lattice girders (24) or wooden beams. The webs of the reinforcement have upper- and lower braces (28,30). Attachment elements are located on the downwardly protruding reinforcement for the attachment of cladding onto the underside of the panel elements.

Description

The invention relates to a sub-floor or Screed for floors in buildings according to the generic term of Claim 1.

Ceilings for buildings are traditionally made by that a formwork is provided, which can also be pulled up Supports for the subsequent pouring of the In-situ concrete. Reinforcement is placed on the formwork beforehand. However, it has also become known, one to provide lost formwork in the form of panel elements, which are arranged side by side and on the storey-high walls are supported. The plate elements have one continuous plate-shaped section and reinforcement on, which is partially embedded in the plate section and partially sticks out of it. The reinforcement provides for the flexural strength of the plates, the thickness of the Plate section can be chosen to be relatively small. After after laying the slab elements with the reinforcement The pouring of in-situ concrete takes place at the top. After this A screed is usually solidified on the Concrete slab applied, preferably with interposition an impact sound insulation layer.

The advantage with the last described construction get that the formwork made relatively easy can not be removed afterwards got to. The underside of the formwork forms the top layer for the floor below and can be used without additional Measures to be decorated immediately. The well-known However, ceiling construction is relatively complex.

It is also known to use the plate elements described To use roof panels (EP 0 494 612). The plate elements are arranged so that the protruding from the plate Reinforcement is arranged along the roof slope, continuous bottom chords are provided within the plate are. At the top, the plate element is through an additional layer of insulating material is covered Fasteners for the cross members are above the Insulating material arranged. The advantage with such Roof panels consist, among other things, of the reinforcement a substantial part of those acting on the roof panel Absorbs forces so that the plate is thin-walled and single-ply can be executed. A previously common structure for a roof truss is not required.

Composite ceilings or are from numerous publications Composite beams for building ceilings have become known (DE 21 23 228, DE 29 29 350, DE 21 53 495 or DE 44 34 499). It are self-supporting panels, in which one Concrete layer is provided with reinforcement, which is partially made protrudes downward from the plate layer. Usually built a floor construction on such a ceiling.

The invention has for its object a sub-floor or to create screed for floors in buildings, the can be largely prefabricated and the manufacturing costs significantly reduced.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

In the construction according to the invention, known ones are known Plate elements of the type described above are used with a plate-shaped continuous section Concrete or concrete-like materials and a reinforcement that partly runs in the plate-shaped section and partly protrudes outwards. However, in the invention the panel elements are not used as formwork, but completely form the top of the ceiling or floor construction in that the plate-shaped section pointing upwards and the reinforcement pointing downwards. Essential is that the plate elements have the static strength for provide a blanket. This is with those known per se To ensure plate elements in principle.

The construction according to the invention has the advantage that Floor can be completely prefabricated. The plate elements, which, as mentioned, are generally known are prefabricated anyway. The plate-shaped layer also forms the screed. This does not have to be done subsequently be applied. It is according to one embodiment the invention also possible in the prefabrication the top of the plate-shaped layer an additional Apply covering layer.

It is naturally necessary to put the bottom of the on in this way to dress up the floor. This too can be taken into account accordingly during prefabrication. For example, the above reinforcement Fasteners are arranged for attachment a cladding on the underside of the plate elements. The cladding can be attached after making the ceiling but it can already be complete on the production side to be appropriate. So wooden structures, such as beamed ceilings be formed or an attachment of Lightweight panels that cover the underside of the ceiling.

The construction according to the invention is due to the structure the plate elements are hollow and can therefore be used for cables Electricity and water or for underfloor heating or the like record, tape. The lines can also be factory-set introduced and attached.

The plate elements in the construction according to the invention are supported on opposite sides of the storey-high Walls. One possibility exists after an embodiment the invention in that the plate-shaped Layer on the supported sides across from each other arranged spacing and bearing elements has Support on appropriate supports in the opposite Walls. Alternatively, the plate-shaped Layer immediately on the supports in opposite Support walls. In this case, the reinforcement lies a bit back from the plate edge

The bottom cover or panel of the invention Blanket can also be brought about in that vertical distance below the plate elements Level of second plate elements is formed with reinforcement pointing above, the above reinforcement of the first and second plate elements without contact and are arranged interlocked. This construction can also be completely prefabricated industrially be. Reworking after installing the plate elements is no longer required with the exception of filling the joints between the plate-shaped sections of the Plate elements. It is understood that with additional surface mounting of insulation material and the like this made on the upper or lower plate elements can be according to the needs. Will the Panel elements laid one after the other and not as a unit, can also lay cables and Tubes on the lower plate elements between the reinforcement occur. Also the application of insulation material can take place this way at the construction site if this appears more appropriate in individual cases. Alternative is also possible, two plate elements arranged one above the other to be installed as a unit.

There are various possible ways of laying on the plate-shaped elements on the storey-high walls accomplish. An embodiment of the invention is shown in this connection before that the plate-shaped layer on the teeth are serrated and the supports for the top Leave gaps between the gaps for the teeth of the lower plate elements in order to rest on Bottom of the gaps.

The construction according to the invention not only has the advantage that they are completely prefabricated industrially can and the effort for this is relatively low. The laying work is also not very expensive. There neither a cladding nor a separate one Screed must be applied after laying the Panel elements the floor construction or the sub-floor completely done. It can be sufficiently heat-insulating be carried out by installing heat-insulating Material in the cavity formed. By using it of concrete in the plate-shaped layers of the plate elements sufficient sound insulation is achieved, whereby the supports can have cushioning intermediate layers, to prevent sound transmission to the wall.

From the above description it can be seen that the Plate elements or the unit of plate elements (first or upper plate element or lower or second Plate element) supported on prefabricated supports are. This is for walls created from precast elements become unproblematic by using the wall parts beforehand appropriate support surfaces are provided. Will Walls raised conventionally would need appropriate supports are manufactured, which can be problematic is, especially with regard to compliance with design specifications. Therefore sees an embodiment of the invention before that the plate-shaped layer of the second Panel elements in the area of the support on the wall has upstanding edge sections on which the plate-shaped layer of the first plate-shaped element supports. In this embodiment, the Walls raised to ceiling height and then the Plate elements laid, preferably as units, i.e. with matching upper and lower plate elements. Colliding units or lower plate elements are connected to each other via suitable connections, for example by screw or welded connections.

The plate-shaped layer of the upper plate elements is supported on the edge sections. The one above Wall can therefore on the screed or the top Plate elements are placed. However, it is for this of advantage if the upstanding edge sections including the plate-shaped layer is interrupted by gaps are used to form a continuous support the top on the bottom wall. When laying the Plate elements thus result in gaps to the lower supporting one Wall. The gaps can be caused by concrete or masonry or the like are filled and form supports, on which the wall to be erected is supported can.

It is understood that for insulation reasons between the Plate elements and walls suitable elastic Layers are arranged.

However, it is alternatively also possible to use the superior ones Edge sections in whole or in part up to the top of the pulling up the plate-like layer of the upper plate element, with the plate-like layer in this area is recessed so that the edge sections as a support for the wall to be erected above can be used.

The carriers to be preferably used become industrial manufactured and mostly have standardized dimensions. It must be ensured that a node is one in one plate-shaped layer of running belt always above and lies below a raised edge section. This is necessary for structural reasons. Therefore one sees Embodiment of the invention that the high Edge sections wider than half the thickness of the supporting Wall are such that a knot of the plate-shaped Layer of embedded belt above or below of the raised edge section.

Fig. 1

zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform einer Konstruktion nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 2

zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 1 entlang der Linie 2-2.

Fig. 3

zeigt eine alternative Ausführung für ein Auflager der Konstruktion nach Fig. 1.

Fig. 4

zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Konstruktion nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 5

zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 4 entlang der Linie 5-5.

Fig. 6

zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Konstruktion nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 7

zeigt den Schnitt durch die Darstellung in Fig. 6 entlang der Linie 7-7.

Fig. 8

zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Konstruktion nach der Erfindung.

Fig. 9

zeigt einen Schnitt durch die Darstellung nach Fig. 8 entlang der Linie 9-9.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

shows a section through a first embodiment of a construction according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a section through the representation of FIG. 1 along the line 2-2.

Fig. 3

shows an alternative embodiment for a support of the construction of FIG. 1st

Fig. 4

shows a section through a second embodiment of a construction according to the invention.

Fig. 5

shows a section through the representation of FIG. 4 along the line 5-5.

Fig. 6

shows a third embodiment of a construction according to the invention.

Fig. 7

shows the section through the representation in Fig. 6 along the line 7-7.

Fig. 8

shows a section through a fourth embodiment of a construction according to the invention.

Fig. 9

shows a section through the representation of FIG. 8 along the line 9-9.

In Fig. 1, a foundation 10 can be seen on the side offset a wall 12 is placed. By offset forms a paragraph 14 on the foundation 10, the serves as a support for a floor 16, which is shown in the Fall forms the bottom of the bottom floor, so that below a cellar 18 or a crawl space is formed.

The floor 16 consists of arranged side by side Plate elements 20, which extend over the floor width or -length extend. In Fig. 1 only the one on the left is Foundation 10 supported part of the plate elements 20 shown. They have a plate-shaped layer 22 made of concrete or a concrete-like material in which a lattice girder 14 is attached to the underside, with With the help of a continuous cast in the concrete section 20 Belt 28. A parallel spaced belt 30 lies outside the plate-shaped section 22 and is via zigzag rods 32 with the belt 28 connected. Between the lattice girders 24 which, as shown in Fig. 2 emerges, run parallel spaced, is heat-insulating Material 34 introduced.

The plate-shaped elements 20 are prefabricated for Construction site supplied including the thermal insulation Layer 34 and possibly with a prefabricated covering layer (Not shown). Furthermore, between the lattice girders 24 lines for electricity and water can be installed, for example for underfloor heating and the like. The Lines can also be prefabricated.

For supporting the plate elements 20 are in the figures 2 and 3 indicated two possibilities. 2 are rod-shaped support elements 36 in the end regions connected to the plate section 22, which is arranged trapezoidal and connected at the ends to a cross member 38 are based on paragraph 14 with interposition an insulation layer 40. FIG. 3 shows how the support over the plate-shaped portion 22a of the Plate element 20a takes place. The lattice girder 24a ends thus at a distance from the edge of the plate section 22a.

To the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3 is still noted that of course in the same way a any floor ceiling or a sub-floor in the same Can be constructed in such a way, in which case an additional cover or cladding on the underside of the plate elements 20 is attached, which is also manufactured at the factory is, for example, precautions to build a Beam ceiling, attachment of lightweight panels and the like.

In the embodiment according to Figures 4 and 5 are each Plate elements 20b, 20c arranged one above the other to to form a floor or sub-floor structure 16b. The structure of the plate elements 20b, 20c corresponds approximately the structure of the plate elements 20 according to FIG. 1 not dealt with in more detail. Crucial however, the above reinforcements 24b, 24c are arranged in the form of lattice girders so that they are entangled lie (Fig. 5) so that they are mutually do not touch and the outside straps do not touch the Butt plate layer of the other plate element. Between the plate elements 20b, 20c can in turn be suitable Insulation material to be accommodated, being prefabricated already connected to one of the plate elements can be. The same applies to power lines and water or the like.

The support of the plate elements 20b, 20c in the storey-high Wall 42 is made in such a way that the plate sections 22b, 22c are serrated, the serrations of the two plate sections are arranged on gap. The Teeth of the top plate layer 22b rest on sections 44 of the wall 42, which form gaps 46 between them. By the gaps become the teeth of the lower plate layer 20c led to support on shoulders 48 of the gaps 46 in the Wall 42. The support of the lower plate elements 20c therefore takes place only in the area of the gaps 46 on the Wall 42. The teeth of the plate layer 22b, the thus are as wide as the distances between the gaps 46 or of the projecting portions 44 can be made via suitable ones Damping layers 48 are supported. 4, closes the storey-high wall 42 with the top from the plate layer 22b, on which a prefabricated Covering layer can be applied.

The support on the opposite wall 50, which too A partition wall can be the same Wise. It is therefore no longer discussed in detail just as little as on the construction and support of the Ceiling above construction 16b, general at 16d is indicated. It is supported on the floor wall 52, which is built on the floor 42. To a sound transmission to prevent wall 52 is in the area of the protruding portions 44 a damping layer 54 arranged between plate section 22b and wall 42.

Lattice girders are described as reinforcement above. It however, wooden structures can also be used, e.g. Beam structures where the beams are made of sheet metal are interconnected.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are discussed below. Man 6, in particular, recognizes that plate elements 16d, 16e are provided according to the arrangement as shown in 4 and 5 is shown. The peculiarity of the Embodiment of Figures 6 and 7 is that the lower plate elements 16e upward raised edge portions 60 have. They have a height that they can Edge region of the plate-shaped layer 20e of the upper one Support plate elements 16d. The construction shown is particularly suitable for pulling up walls in conventional way. The lower wall 62 is in Ceiling height raised, after which the panel elements 16e are placed, being abutting Plate elements each cover half of the support area divide the top of wall 62. The thickness of the edge sections 60 is therefore approximately half the thickness of the Wall 62. The edge portions 60 are covered by a suitable one Connection 64, for example screw or welded connection, connected with each other. Then the top Plate elements 16d placed. It is understood that also a unit consisting of lower and upper plate elements 16e, 16d are placed on the raised wall 62 can.

The upper wall 66 is then pulled up. she can itself on the described unit of lower and upper Support plate element 16e, 16d, namely via a elastic layer 68, but other precautions can be taken be provided as shown in FIG. 7.

7, the lower plate-shaped elements 16e are closed recognize with the plate-shaped layer 20e, in the straps run from beams as they are with dash-dotted lines are indicated. It can also be seen in FIG. 7 that 60 gaps are formed between edge portions including Recesses 70 in the plate-shaped layer 20e. In the case of abutting lower plate elements 16e there are therefore rectangular recesses in cross section, which are open to the lower wall 62. The top plate-shaped layers 20d are excluded accordingly. For example, concrete is poured into the recess with appropriate reinforcement. Alternatively, one Masonry a base is bricked up in the recess, which is supported on the lower wall 62 and up to Height of the top of the plate-shaped element 16d enough. Such a base is designated 72 in FIG. 7. The bases 72 in FIG. 7 are therefore used for static Supporting the wall to be erected above. The distance between the bases 72 can be chosen so that it Corresponds to the width of a door passage in the wall 66.

Instead of a base 72, the edge sections are also conceivable 60 to be carried out higher in certain areas at the top of the plate-shaped layer 20d of the upper plate element 16d, this layer in the area the higher sections are excluded. In this Fall would wall 66 over the edge portions on the Support lower wall 62. However, this is in the figures Not shown.

In Figures 8 and 9 it is shown how two plate elements are supported on the wall 62, the support run perpendicular to each other. With the panel elements 16f, 16g, the beams run perpendicular to wall 62 and with the plate elements 20d, 20e parallel to it. Latter are carried out in a way as already shown in the figures 6 and 7. The peculiarity of the plate elements 16g is that the edge portions 60g are thicker or wider than the edge sections 60 will be an adaptation to standardized beam lengths received and ensured that the knot, such as the Node 74 above the support (for the top plate element 16f) comes to rest. Otherwise, this embodiment is the same that according to FIGS. 6 and 7.

Claims (17)

Sub-floor or screed for floors in buildings, thereby characterized in that individual plate elements (20, 20a, 20b, 20c), which are placed next to each other and on opposite Walls are supported and one upper plate-shaped layer made of concrete or concrete-like Have fabric and one down above reinforcement with running within the layer Belts are self-supporting, with the plate elements the static strength for a ceiling (16, 16a, 16b, 16d). Subfloor or screed according to claim 1, characterized in that that the reinforcement from I-beams, lattice beams (24, 24b) or wooden beam constructions. Sub-floor or screed according to claim 2, characterized in that that webs (32) of the reinforcement (24) are continuous Wear top and bottom straps (28, 30). Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the above reinforcement Fasteners are arranged for the Attaching a panel to the bottom of the Plate elements (20). Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the underside of the plate elements (20) over spaced apart Spacer and bearing elements (36, 38) on the opposite Walls (10) are supported. Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate elements (20a) by means of the plate-shaped layer (22a) on the support (14) supported in the opposite walls (10) are. Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper side of the plate-shaped layer (22, 22a, 22b) with an additional Layer is prefabricated. Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that for the lower cover in vertical distance below the plate elements (20b) a plane of second plate elements (22c) is formed is with the reinforcement pointing upwards (24c), the external reinforcement (24b, 24c) of the first and second plate elements (20b, 20c) without contact and are arranged entangled. Sub-floor or screed according to claim 8, characterized in that that the plate-shaped layer (22b, 22c) on the supports (44) for the upper plate elements (20b) leave gaps (46) between them for the teeth of the lower plate-shaped layer (22c) for resting on the bottom of the gaps (46). Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plate elements (20, 20a, 20b, 20c) on the reinforcement side with a Insulation material are provided. Subfloor or screed according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plate elements (20, 20a, 20b, 20c) on the reinforcement side with cables for water, for underfloor heating, for electrical Energy or the like are prefabricated. Underbody according to claim 8, characterized in that the plate-shaped layer (20e) of the second plate elements (16e) in the area of the bearing on the Wall (62) has upstanding edge sections (60), on which the plate-shaped layer (20d) of the first plate-shaped element (16d) is supported. Underbody according to claim 12, characterized in that abutting upstanding edge portions (60) by welding or screw connections with each other are connected. Underbody according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the upstanding edge portions (60) including the plate-shaped layer (20e) Gaps (70) are interrupted to form a continuous Recess to support the upper one the bottom wall. Underbody according to claim 3 and one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the high standing Edge sections (16g) wider than half the thickness of the supporting wall (62) are such that a knot (74) of the in the plate-shaped layer (20f) of the first Plate element (16f) embedded belt above the upstanding edge sections (16g). Underbody according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that spaced portions of the edge portions (60) are listed higher and stand out Gaps in the plate-shaped layer of the upper plate element extend to about the height of the top side the plate-shaped layer. Underbody according to one of claims 8 to 16, characterized characterized in that the first and second plate-shaped Element are pre-assembled as a unit.

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