DE3309820C2 - Ceiling slab and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

When producing ceilings in partially prefabricated construction, it is desirable to place the installation in the space between a raised floor. In this context, it is important to carry out further relocations or relocations in such a raised floor, if necessary. For this purpose, based on a sandwich construction with a concrete base plate (8) and a concrete top plate (2), it is proposed that the concrete top plate (2), which has a floating concrete screed with a smooth outer surface, with the reinforced concrete base plate (8), which represents the load-bearing ceiling, also has a smooth outer surface. is connected via a footfall soundproofing layer (4) which is cut out in a suitable manner to form installation ducts (5).

Description

The invention relates to a ceiling panel in sandwich construction for the production of storey ceilings with a concrete base plate and a concrete top plate, with a floating concrete screed Concrete upper slab representing the smooth outer surface with the reinforced concrete slab representing the load-bearing ceiling, likewise A concrete slab with a smooth surface is bonded via an impact sound insulation layer

Ceiling tiles of this type are available from the reference USA magazine "Building", 1966, page 130, known that one in the Beion top plate is used as underfloor heating effective electrical heating can be introduced. It is difficult to move installations here.

In principle, it is known to use closed cable ducts for laying installations in the screed pour in. Such cable ducts have the disadvantage that the weakening of the screed, especially when this is designed as a floating screed. Cracks appear in the area of the cable ducts. Also must when installing cable ducts, the thickness of the screed can be increased.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a generic ceiling panel which, when guaranteed the impact sound insulation properties, the simple laying of installations with little additional effort makes possible.

For such a ceiling panel according to the invention, this object is given by what is specified in claim 1 Features solved.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the ceiling panel designed in the specified sandwich construction due to the appropriately interrupted impact sound insulation layer between the two concrete slabs in an extremely simple way one suitable for laying installation cables in the ceiling Creates a free space grid on one level.

Another advantageous embodiment of the ceiling plate according to claim 1 is specified in claim 2.

The production of the ceiling panel according to claims 1 and 2 can, provided the usual maximum transport weights are not exceeded, advantageously as a prefabricated panel according to one of the claims 3 or 5 are carried out. Otherwise, the ceiling tile is useful first prefabricated only with a concrete sub-slab a few centimeters thick and the concrete sub-slab only after the prefabricated ceiling slab has been laid on the construction site by pouring a concrete onto it brought final strength. Appropriate refinements of such manufacturing processes are set out in the claims 4 and 6 indicated.

Advantageous configurations of the various manufacturing processes according to claims 3 to 6 are specified in further claims 7 and 8.

On the basis of the embodiments shown in the drawing, the invention is to be added in the following are explained in more detail. In the drawing means

F i g. 1 a first formwork with a concrete top slab.

F i g. 2 the first formwork with the concrete top slab during the turning process,

F i g. 3 the first formwork turned by 180 ° with the Concrete upper slab when lowering onto the concrete lower slab in the second formwork,

F i g. 4 one of the F i g. 3 corresponding representation in connection with the production of a ceiling tile with prefabricated concrete base plate,

Fi g. 5 shows a schematic representation of the production a ceiling panel, in which the footfall sound insulation layer by foaming the space between the Concrete base and concrete top slab is produced,

F i g. 6 a den F: g. 3 and 4 corresponding others Representation in connection with the production of a ceiling slab with a prefabricated concrete base slab,

F i g. 7 illustration of a ceiling tile and FIG. 6 floor ceiling formed in section,

F i g. 8 a section of the edge strip of a formwork with a hinge in view and section,

F i g. 9 shows a variant of the edge strip with a hinge according to FIG. 8 in section.

10 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a ceiling panel with a prefabricated Concrete slab,

11 a plan view and section of a ceiling tile manufactured floor slab,

F i g. 12 Section of a floor slab according to FIG. 11th in the joint area and

13 is a partial perspective view of a ceiling panel with spacers.

Fig. 1 shows a first formwork 1 already poured and hardened concrete top slab 2 with floor heating elements 3 inserted therein in the form of pipes. In this case, the spacer elements 4 placed thereon are square or rectangular insulation panels Shape, which are arranged distributed over the length of the concrete slab 2 that between them in Continuous installation channels 5 arise in directions perpendicular to one another. Like F i g. 1 also recognize lets are in the plane perpendicular to the plane on both sides of the concrete slab 2 in the Concrete spacer supports 6 let in, the total length of which corresponds to the thickness of the finished ceiling slab.

The concrete top slab designed in this way is after its fixation on the formwork by means of tensioning yokes 7 according to FIG. 2 or after fixation by vacuum turned 180 ° in the direction of the arrow and according to their alignment over the in F i g. 3 shown, with soft concrete for the production of the Concrete base 8 filled second formwork 9 lowered onto it in the direction of the arrow as long as until the free ends of the spacer supports 6 through the soft concrete through to the bottom of the second Support formwork 9. In this position, the insulation panels are slightly immersed in the soft concrete over the entire surface the formwork 9. The concrete displaced in the process can move into the space of the installation ducts 5. The concrete slab 8 in the formwork 9 contains the load-bearing reinforcement 10 determined according to the statics 6 supported on the floor of the second formwork 9 concrete top plate 2 remains in this Position until the concrete of the concrete slab 8 has hardened. Once the concrete slab is on the spacers 6 rests, can without affecting the hardening of the concrete

having to wait, the fixing of the concrete top slab 2 to the first formwork by loosening the clamping yokes 7 lifted and the first formwork in its original position according to FIG. 1 to produce another Concrete top slab are turned back.

The spacer supports 6 take over the load of the overhead panels when the ceiling panels are transported horizontally Plates. However, they represent an undesirable sound bridge in the ceiling slab for the concrete top slab 2, which is a floating screed. They are only useful after the ceiling panels have been transported to the construction site when laying or else knocked through or blown away on the construction site following laying.

The building ceilings to be produced with the ceiling panels must have a high load-bearing capacity, so that if the concrete sub-slabs are relatively thick, transport weight should be saved or If the crane's load-bearing capacity is not sufficient to move the elements, it can make sense to use the concrete base plate only to be prefabricated and on the construction site after laying by means of a concrete infusion onto the to bring the desired thickness. According to FIG. 3, FIG. 4 the production of such a ceiling tile with a prefabricated concrete base plate 8 '. Here, the concrete base plate is now first produced on the first formwork 1. She has besides the usual bottom-side Support reinforcement 10 is a grid reinforcement 11 and is only a few centimeters thick. For consideration the difference to the final thickness of the prefabricated concrete sub-slab 8 'consists here of the spacers from cuboids 12 made of a lightweight construction material and glued onto the concrete base plate 8 '. Spacer elements 4 representing insulation panels. The spacer supports 6 take effect here, since the dimensions of the concrete upper slab 2 are relative to the concrete lower slab somewhat shortened: is, not into the concrete, which is initially still soft, but is supported immediately on both sides on the bottom of the second formwork 9. After the concrete top slab 2 has hardened, the ceiling slab produced in this way is used as a whole turned after its transport to the construction site and after laying on the construction site, the final Thickness of the prefabricated concrete base plate 8 'by pouring concrete up to the level of the insulation panels brought their final thickness.

A variant for the production of a ceiling slab with a prefabricated concrete sub-slab according to FIG. 4 shows Fig. 6. This variant has the advantage that here the concrete top slab 2 in the first formwork 1 in accordance with F i g. 3 can be lowered onto the prefabricated concrete base plate 8 'in the second formwork 9, so that a subsequent turning of the ceiling plate is not necessary. In the still soft concrete of the concrete base plate 8 ', attachments in the form of weight-saving displacement bodies 12' made of concrete (left) or lattice girders 12 "with a trough-shaped upper flange (right) are introduced in a suitable distribution, which correspond to the difference in the thickness of the prefabricated concrete base plate 8 ^r to the thickness their final completion on the construction site. At the head end, the attachments are provided with a concrete pad 12a which, when the concrete top slab is lowered onto the prefabricated, hardened concrete bottom slab 8 ', has the function of a pressure belt and ensures that the prefabricated concrete bottom slab is glued to the spacer elements 4 The pressure belt also gives the ceiling slab sufficient rigidity so that it can be moved without being placed on the construction site.

Merely for the demonstration were shown in FIG. 6 indicated on the second formwork 9 spacers D , which in this case take over the spacing of the two concrete slabs in place of the spacers 6. In this method, however, the first formwork 1 with the concrete top plate 2 must lie on the spacers and the fixation of the concrete top plate 2 must be maintained until the concrete

to concrete base 8 ', which, as described, has the disadvantage of twice as much formwork brings with it.

Another possibility for the production of a ceiling tile is shown in FIG. 5. In this method, the concrete top slab 2 in the first formwork 1 and the concrete lower slab 8 in the second formwork 9, provided with strips 4a made of soft material to form the installation ducts 5, are poured and cured. The concrete top slab 2 is then fixed to the first formwork 1 in the holders T or by means of a vacuum and, after being turned through 180 °, is held at the prescribed height above the concrete bottom slab 8. Then, with a spray lance 13, which is connected to a plastic foam container 15 via the hose 14, the footfall soundproofing layer is produced by foaming the space 16 between the concrete top slab 2 and the concrete bottom slab 8 with the exception of the installation ducts 5 formed by the strips 4a.

The F i g. FIG. 7 shows one made from prefabricated ceiling panels according to FIG. 6 formed floor ceiling in section, which illustrates the concrete infusion still to be made here on the concrete base plate 8 'with the displacement hollow bodies 12'. The concrete infusion BA is poured into the space between the concrete upper slab 2 and the concrete lower slab 8 'via the pipe RO of a concrete pump in the area of the connection points between two ceiling slabs and via assembly openings 27 in the concrete upper slab 2 which can be closed with lids

and then shaken smooth with a shaker RÜ. The filling quantity of the concrete infusion BA is dimensioned so that the installation channels 5 between the spacer elements 4 made of insulating material for the insertion of installation lines are guaranteed. The ducts present in the area of the connection points between two ceiling panels can also be used for installation purposes, in particular for laying rigid pipes. Before the connection points in the area of the concrete top slab are then closed with another concrete infusion, the space below, unless it is laid out with installation pipes, is filled with an insulating material, preferably in bulk form.

As the F i g. 3, 5, 6 and 7 can be seen, the concrete base 8 or 8 'on the edge of their ropes Connections to adjacent thick plates are provided with a bevel 8 ″ which, as FIG. 7 illustrates, in the connection area between two adjacent ceiling panels results in a V-shaped casting joint. This requires that the relevant edge strips of the formwork for the manufacture of the concrete slab 8, or 8 ', after must be inclined inside. This complicates the later stripping of the hardened concrete sub-slabs. One 8 shows a suitable solution for such an edge strip. The edge strip 29, which is used for pushing through reinforcing bars shown in Figs 10 'is provided with passage slots 30 arranged perpendicular to their extension, has a

Hinge strip 31 on. The eyelets 31 'of this hinge strip 31 have flats offset by 45 °, for example 31 ", on which the spring steel 32 rests. In this way, the Edge strips 29 z. B. at an angle of 45 ° to pour the concrete and at an angle of 90 ° to fold away created the edge strip in the direction of the arrow for stripping.

F i g. 9 shows in section a variant of the edge strip 29 according to FIG. 8. Here, instead of the hinge, there is a Joint 33 made of elastic material is provided. This elastic material is formed so that it is in the Angular position for pouring the concrete has a resilient rest position.

In Fig. 10 is a prefabricated one in perspective view Ceiling plate with the mounting opening 27, with the spacer elements attached to its underside 4 made of insulating material and the prefabricated concrete base plate 8 ', which is only a few centimeters thick. The fixation takes place here exclusively by thin, wave-shaped spacer bars 6 ', the height of which by the Total thickness of the prefabricated ceiling slab is determined. These spacer bars are near the edge of the Plate connection sides and arranged parallel to the edges. This is done first in the first formwork 1 made the concrete top plate 2 and the spacer bars 6 'introduced into the still soft concrete that they Support yourself on the bottom of the formwork. At the same time, the spacer elements 4 are made of insulating material placed in a suitable arrangement on the still soft concrete. After the concrete top slab has hardened 2 the concrete base 8 'is then poured into the second formwork 9 and, after the concrete top plate 2 has been fixed in the first formwork 1 and turned over lowered the concrete slab, the free ends of the spacer bars 6 'so far into the soft concrete of the Engage the concrete slab 8 'until they are supported on the floor of the second formwork 9. Once that is done is, after loosening the fixation of the concrete top plate 2 on the first formwork 1, this formwork can be used again immediately for the production of another concrete slab. Because the spacer bars 6 'represent sound bridges, they have to be used during the completion of the panels made from such panel elements Floor slabs are destroyed on the construction site. This happens because. like F i g. 10 shows that Spacer bars 6 'are provided with a detonating cord at the level of the spacer elements 4, by igniting them the sound bridge is lifted.

In addition to the function of fixing the concrete upper slab 2 at a predetermined distance from the prefabricated concrete lower slab 8 ', the spacer webs 6' fulfill during the transport of the prefabricated ceiling slab and during its laying on the construction site over it In addition, the important function of a shear-proof connection between the concrete upper slab and the concrete lower slab. By means of the spacer bars, a lightweight panel element that is rigid in itself is realized Relocation on the construction site to the otherwise required assembly supports, even with large ceiling spans can advantageously be dispensed with. Also the reinforcement in the form of lattice girders Depending on the application, it can be omitted entirely or ai'f lattice girder scrap pieces are limited because the lattice girders only transfer the shear forces from the prefabricated ones cast in the precast plant Betonunterplattc 8 'towards the concrete infusion applied to the concrete slab on the construction site have to take over (composite reinforcement). In the assembled state of the prefabricated ceiling panel designed in this way the compressive forces during the transport including the laying process on the construction site are only over the spacer webs 6 'and not over the much weaker upper chords of the lattice girders 11 transferred.

The F i g. 11 shows, in a partially torn-away form, the top view of a completely laid floor slab and the section AB through this floor slab. In the lower part of the top view, the not yet cast joint V with the reinforcing bars 10 'representing butt reinforcement and the heating pipes 3 of the underfloor heating can be seen. The heating pipe systems of two adjacent panels already installed in the precast plant are connected to one another on the construction site in the area of the joint. The joint V "in the upper part of the picture is already filled with concrete. The installation channels 5 run at right angles to one another and have assembly openings 27 that can be closed with covers in the area of the intersection points and also in the area of the wall closure The formwork is placed so that later when the cover is inserted, it will be securely aligned with the top of the concrete top slab. The edge areas of the concrete top slab 2 in the area of the wall end marked later mark areas of the concrete top slab that allow rigid pipes 24, but also sewer pipes This has the advantage that chiselling work can be dispensed with in the sanitary installation. In order to ensure that the installation ducts 5 run through the installation channels 5 perpendicular to the joints V from one ceiling plate to the next, molded pieces 28 are placed in the concrete upper plate before the joint V is cast laid down.

As the section AB can still be seen, the concrete base plate 8 placed on the edge of the wall 20 is cast with its ring anchor 19 in the wall. Furthermore, a distribution box 29 for installation lines is provided below the mounting opening 27 in the wall area, from which flexible conduits 23 are led to the edge of the plate and are drawn up there in the wall 20. From the distribution box 29, the installation lines can be laid without tubes in the installation channels.

Fig. 12 shows in section more details of a completed storey ceiling in the area of two adjoining ceiling panels. Here is only shown for illustration that the right ceiling plate in terms of its concrete base plate 8 to save weight can also be designed with cavities 25.

The ends of the reinforcing bars 10 'of the concrete sub-slabs 8 protrude into the joint V formed by the bevels 8 ″ of the concrete sub-slabs 8. A further reinforcement 10 "can be inserted into the joint V. The joint V is then filled with in-situ concrete 26. In this way it is achieved that the weakest, break-prone point of the structure is secured by a relatively wide strip of in-situ concrete. In the area of the step soundproofing layer realized by the spacer elements 4 made of insulating material, above the joint VDämmaterial 27 ', z. B. in the form of bulk material applied. The relatively wide channel between the adjacent concrete upper plates 2 of the ceiling plates can also be used here again for laying rigid pipes 3 ', for example heating manifolds or water pipes

will. Then a butt or composite reinforcement 18, z. B. from mat strips on the construction site inserted and made a smooth line over it.

The in F i g. 13 is a perspective partial view of a ceiling plate, in which the concrete base plate 8 with Cavities 25 is provided, illustrates once again the function of the spacers 6, as they are in the production, for example according to FIG. 3, are used. The spacers 6 are made of corrugated eternite and also ensure a desirable stiffening during the transport of the ceiling panels between the concrete lower slab 8 and the concrete upper slab 2. Since they represent sound bridges, they have to the construction site are expediently destroyed after the laying of the ceiling panels in order to avoid these undesirable Eliminate sound bridges. This can be done with a blow of the hammer. At the spacers 6 in However, detonating cords 6 ″ are attached to the height of the spacer elements 4 made of insulating material, and by ignition the spacers are destroyed in the area of this detonating cord.

In addition 7 sheets of drawings

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Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Ceiling slab in sandwich construction for the production of storey ceilings with a concrete and a concrete top slab, which is a floating concrete screed with a smooth outer surface Concrete top slab reinforced with the supporting ceiling, also a smooth one Surface having concrete base plate is connected via an impact sound insulation layer, thereby characterized in that the impact sound insulation layer (4) so cut out to form installation ducts (5) lying in one plane is that the installation ducts in the manner of a continuous rectangular grid in the impact sound insulation layer (4) are arranged and that the 3etoi <top plate (2) in the area of the installation ducts (5) is provided with assembly openings (27) which can be closed by insertable covers. 2. Ceiling slab according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete top slab (2) including the impact sound insulation layer in the area of the wall connection opposite the concrete slab (8) to form installation ducts, especially special for rigid installation pipes (24), is shortened. 3. A method for producing a ceiling panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that initially on a first formwork (1), if necessary with reinforcement, for example in Connection with heating pipes with connections on the edge, provided concrete top plate (2) with on top separated, the footfall sound insulation layer formed from a lightweight construction material with insulating properties existing spacer elements (4) is poured and cured that then on a second formwork (9) the reinforced concrete base plate (8) is poured into which the The concrete top slab, turned by 180 ° and lowered against the second formwork, is fixed to the first formwork with the free ends of their spacer elements so deeply into the soft concrete in the second formwork is immersed until the distance between the two concrete slabs is reached in order to then remain in this position until the concrete slab has hardened in the second formwork. 4. A method for producing a ceiling plate according to claim 1, characterized in that a concrete base plate (8 ') with a lattice girder reinforcement (11) is made in a first formwork (1), the plate thickness is only a few centimeters and the plate is still soft of the concrete distributed over the plate surface is equipped with attachments (12), which are covered with spacer elements representing the impact sound insulation layer (4), that furthermore, in a second formwork (9), optionally with reinforcement, for example in connection with heating pipes (3 ) with connections on the edge, provided concrete top plate (2) is poured into which the prefabricated concrete lower slab, fixed to the first formwork, turned by 180 ° and lowered against the second formwork, with the free ends of its spacer elements (4) fully into the still soft concrete in of the second formwork is immersed until the distance between the two P Latten is achieved, and that the ceiling slab with such a prefabricated concrete sub-slab is brought to its final concrete sub-slab thickness by a concrete pour (BA) following its transport to the construction site and its laying on the construction site. 5. A method for producing a ceiling panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that in a first formwork (1), if necessary with reinforcement, for example in connection with heating pipes (3) with connections on the edge, provided concrete top plate (2) and in one second formwork (9) the reinforced concrete base plate (8) poured and cured be that then one of the two concrete slabs, z. B. the concrete top plate (2) on its formwork fixed rotated by 180 ° against the other concrete slab is lowered to the distance given by the required total thickness and that then the footfall sound insulation layer is not cut out by foaming the installation ducts (5) Plate gap (16) is brought about by means of a spray lance (13). 6. A method for producing a ceiling plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the second formwork (9) a concrete base plate (8 ') with lattice girder reinforcement (U) prefabricated in a plate thickness of a few centimeters and the plate in the still soft state of the Concrete is equipped with attachments (12 ', 12 ") distributed over the plate surface, that furthermore in the first formwork (1) the concrete top plate (2), optionally provided with reinforcement, for example in connection with heating pipes (3) with edge connections The spacer elements (4) placed on it and representing the impact sound insulation layer are cast from an insulating material and cured, so that the top of the cured concrete base plate is then provided with a concrete layer (12a ^ and the concrete top plate, which is fixed to the first formwork, turned by 180 ° against the second Formwork is lowered so far that it with its spacer elements in the concrete support on the essay en intervene and the distance between the two concrete slabs specified by the required total thickness is achieved, in order to then remain in this position until the concrete layer has hardened and that the concrete base slab after laying the ceiling slab on the construction site through a concrete pour (BA) on its static requirements sufficient final thickness is brought. 7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that defining the by the total thickness given distance between the two concrete slabs (2.8) during manufacture the concrete slab in the first formwork (1) spacers (6) or spacer webs (6 ') more predetermined Length, e.g. B. corrugated asbestos cement strips, in a position perpendicular to the formwork level in the still soft concrete to be introduced to the bottom of the formwork and that when the lowering of the first formwork fixed, turned by 180 ° concrete slab on the second formwork (9), the hardened Concrete slab with the free ends of their spacers (6) possibly through the still soft Concrete is supported in the second formwork against the bottom. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized shows that the spacers (6) or the spacer webs (6 ') at the latest after the laying of the Ceiling panels on the construction site to avoid sound bridges, at least partially, if necessary by igniting detonating cords attached to it at the level of the impact sound insulation layer (6 "), to be destroyed.