Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
  • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
  • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members

Definitions

• the subject of the invention is a seal intended more particularly to be interposed between adjacent faces of two prefabricated concrete elements such as segments constituting a tunnel lining, but it can be applied, in general, to the sealing between two rigid parts of any kind.
• a concrete lining is usually produced which can be molded on site but which, advantageously, can be made of prefabricated arched elements called segments, made of reinforced or prestressed concrete and covering each a cylindrical sector. These elements have an arched lower surface and upper surface, connected by edge faces generally approximately flat and four in number, so that their flat development is approximately rectangular or trapezoidal. They are placed one after the other so that their lateral faces are contiguous and the tubular lining of the tunnel is thus gradually produced as the excavation progresses.
• each element can be provided with a profiled sealing gasket extending over the entire periphery of the element, along its lateral faces.
• the linings placed along the side faces, facing each other, of two adjacent elements bear on one another.
• the lining on the element is provided with a peripheral groove in which a corresponding part of the lining is housed. It can hold by simple elasticity or be stuck in the throat.
• each element may comprise, for example, a lining fixed to two of its lateral faces, the other lateral faces bearing directly on linings of adjacent elements.
• the profile and cross-sectional dimensions of the lining, as well as the characteristics of the material from which it is made, are determined so that the lining, after the elements have been put in place, is subjected to a degree of compression capable of sealing against the pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces to which the elements can be subjected and for example against the pressure of water coming from outside.
• a tunnel boring machine which carries means of excavation and, moreover, constitutes a shielding of protection against the collapses and the entries of water.
• This tunnel boring machine is placed in the extension of the lining of the tunnel already made and is supported on the lining, by means of jacks which allow it to advance by the distance necessary for the laying of a new series of segments, when the excavation has been carried out.
• the prefabricated elements already in place are therefore subjected to thrust forces from the TBM and it follows that the compression forces applied to the joints between the elements as well as the play between two adjacent elements can vary in a way that is difficult to predict. As a result, the degree of compression of the seal in certain places may become too low to correctly ensure the required seal.
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a new type of seal making it possible to solve such problems and to admit in particular a certain variation in the clearances between the elements.
• the invention aims to propose such a seal which can be the subject of different implementation variants making it possible to respond very flexibly to all of the difficulties which may arise during the construction of a tunnel, in terms of tolerances in the conformation of the faces between which there is a need for sealing as well as in the relative positioning of these faces.
• the invention is not limited to this application and can be applied, in general, to the production of any seal interposed between a lateral face of a first part and an application face of a second part, consisting of a profiled lining made of elastically compressible material extending in a longitudinal direction and comprising an internal sealing part on a lateral face of the first part and an external bearing part on the application face .
• the external part of the lining is provided with at least one longitudinal profiled groove, formed in said external part, delimited by an internal face. and opening opposite the internal part, and at least one longitudinal profiled tongue housed inside the groove and fixed on the internal face of the groove in an easily detachable manner so as to allow the deletion and possible replacement of the tongue at least over part of the length of the lining to vary the degree of compressibility and / or the transverse dimensions of the joint over the corresponding length.
• the seal according to the invention can be applied directly to an opposite face of the adjacent part, which then directly constitutes said application face by this opposite face, or else to a seal, in particular similar, fixed vis-à-vis on said opposite face, which seal then constitutes said application face.
• the present invention provides a method according to which, by molding or extrusion, the gasket having said internal and external parts is produced, this method being characterized in that, during the manufacture of the gasket, at the same time, at least one longitudinal profiled groove delimited by an internal face and opening opposite the internal part is produced at the same time, and a longitudinal profiled tongue housed inside the groove and fixed on the inner face of the groove in an easily detachable manner.
• the groove and the tongue in one piece with the lining, providing, in the external part, at least one longitudinal recess limiting the tongue and defining at least one strip, easily tearable, of connection between the tongue and the lining.
• the seal according to the invention is then characterized in that the lining with the groove and the tongue are produced in a single profiled part, the tongue having inside the groove a cross section smaller than that of the groove and being limited by a lateral face which is connected to the lateral face opposite the groove only by at least one easily tearable connecting strip for removing the tongue, said lateral faces being separated by a recess on the rest of the periphery of the tongue.
• the tongue can be removed from the groove over at least part of the length of the seal then leaving the groove clear to increase the deformation capacity and / or modify the transverse dimensions thereof, according to specific needs, over the corresponding length, or by at least partially replacing the tongue removed by a profiled auxiliary seal that is introduced and maintained in the groove, to vary the degree of compressibility and / or the transverse dimensions of the joint, according to specific needs.
• the auxiliary seal may have a cross section chosen from a range comprising a cross section substantially equal to that of the groove and cross sections having respectively a height greater than the depth of the groove, so as to project outside.
• the trim or a height less than the depth of the groove, so as to be set back inside the trim, and it can have a rigidity chosen from among the rigidities respectively identical, greater or less than that of the lining, which makes it possible to modulate, as required, over the length of a joint according to the invention, the characteristics of shape, dimensions and compressibility of this joint, whose characteristics are initially uniform over its entire length.
• auxiliary seal may itself vary according to needs and, in particular, it may or may not be a water-swelling seal.
• the respective conformations of the groove and the tongue can also be freely chosen from a wide range of possibilities.
• the groove when the tongue is produced in one piece with the lining, as is preferred, provision can be made for the groove to have a polygonal cross section and for the tongue, inside the groove, to have a conjugate polygonal cross section or still different from that of the groove and is connected to the lining by tearable connecting strips, in particular placed at its angles.
• the groove and the tongue, inside the groove have a cross section in the shape of a trapezoid or rectangle, the large base or a large one respectively side is turned towards the internal part of the lining, or the groove has a rectangle cross section of which a large side is turned towards the internal part of the lining and the tongue has a T cross section defined by a leg and a bar turned respectively towards and opposite to the internal part of the lining.
• Other forms can however be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• the tongue may have a configuration chosen from the configurations according to which, respectively, it is flush with areas of the external part of the lining directly adjacent to the groove, or is projecting or recessed with respect to these areas, depending on the conditions in which you want to use the trim without removing the tab.
• the present invention therefore also relates to a concrete part, in particular a segment, comprising a lateral face on which is fixed a seal vis-à-vis an application face belonging to another adjacent part. , characterized in that the seal is a seal according to the invention, naturally in any one of its variants of initial conformation and adaptation, over all or part of its length.
• each of these copies may be provided with a seal according to the invention up to this angle, where the seals are then placed contiguously , for example in a tab, which can however pose installation problems and give rise to leaks.
• each of the copies of said lateral face is provided with a seal in accordance with the invention with the exception of a respective zone directly adjacent to the angle, and in that the angle and the areas directly adjacent are provided with a shaped seal, sealingly connected to the seals on the side faces.
• This connection can be accompanied by a mutual securing of respective linings, for example by vulcanization or by any other sealing means, before the seals are placed on the part.
• the shaped seal can be chosen from a wide range of possibilities but, according to a preferred embodiment, it comprises a shaped seal, sealingly connected to the seals of the side face seals and comprising an internal part for fixing to said zones adjacent to the angle and an external part for bearing on a respective application face, and this external part delimits a sealed cavity housing a water-swelling mass.
• the cavity is closed opposite the internal part by a tight elastic membrane but opens towards the groove of the gaskets of the seals of the lateral faces, so that by detaching at least one of the tabs of these linings, in particular localized in the immediate vicinity of the shaped joint, it is possible to break the seal around the water-swelling mass and consequently allow the latter to swell under the effect of ambient humidity, with bulging of the elastic membrane, until the latter is applied firmly, under conditions suitable for sealing against an application face belonging to an adjacent part.
• the cavity is closed opposite the internal part by a waterproof, tearable, pierceable or cutable membrane, so that by tearing, piercing or cutting said membrane, one can break the seal around the water-swelling mass.
• FIG. 1 is a detail view of Figure 1, on an enlarged scale
• Figure 3 is a partial perspective view of the seal of Figure 1;
• FIG. 8 to 10 show, in cross section, other embodiments of a seal according to the invention
• FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a corner of a part provided with a shaped seal connecting two tongue and groove seals according to yet another embodiment
• FIG. 12 shows a view of these joints in perspective and in section through a plane transverse to one of the tongue and groove joints, identified in XII-XII in Figure 11;
• FIG. 13 shows a view of the shaped joint, in section through a plane parallel to the plane XII-XII and identified in XIII-XIII in Figure 1 1.
• FIG. 14 shows another view of the tongue-and-groove joint illustrated in section in Figure 12, in section along the same transverse plane
• a seal according to the invention consisting of a profiled packing 1 of elastically deformable material, in particular elastically compressible, extending in a longitudinal direction 6 and fixed, for example by gluing, on a support piece 1 1 for sealing between a lateral face 13, generally planar, of the latter and an application face 14, also generally planar, of an adjacent part 10.
• the application face 14, opposite and substantially parallel to the lateral face 13, can be defined either directly by the part 10, as illustrated in solid lines, or by another seal, for example according to the invention, tightly fixed on a lateral face of this part 10, as illustrated in phantom.
• the parts 10 and 1 1 may consist in particular of concrete segments, the face 13 and, respectively, the application face 14 or the side face carrying a seal defining the application face 14 constitute a respective edge face.
• the lining 1 comprises an internal longitudinal part 2 which is housed in a longitudinal groove 12 of the lateral face 13 of the part 11 and an external longitudinal part 3 which projects outwards of the groove 2 for applying, by an external face 32, parallel to the face 13, against the application face 14 of the adjacent part 10.
• the assembly formed by the lining 1 and the groove 12 preferably has a symmetry with respect to a longitudinal plane 7 and, in particular, the groove 12 and, in addition, the internal part 2 of the lining 1 have for example a cross section in isosceles trapezium whose small base defines a bottom 15 of the groove 12, which is plane and parallel to the face 13, although other configurations can be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• the external part 3 of the lining 1 has for example an isosceles trapezoidal section, the small base of which corresponds to the external face 32 and the large base at the junction with the internal part 2, that is to say at the large base of the isosceles trapezoid defined by the cross section thereof in the example above, but other configurations could also be chosen in this regard.
• the internal part 2 of the lining 1 advantageously consists of several longitudinal ribs 21 defining between them longitudinal channels or recesses 22 open towards the bottom 15 of the groove 12, for example with an isosceles trapezoidal cross section whose large base corresponds to this bottom 15, giving a possibility of elastic deformation for the introduction and the tight maintenance of the lining 1 in the groove 12.
• these open channels could be absent, or replaced entirely or partially by closed longitudinal recesses or channels, for example of circular cross section, as illustrated in 23 in the case of variants of the lining 1 illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
• Channels 22 or 23 also increase the deformation capacity of the joint under the effect of a compression force.
• the external part 3 for applying the lining 1 may be provided with longitudinal recesses or channels 31, preferably closed and having for example a circular cross section.
• the lining 1 can be produced in a conventional manner, by molding or extruding a compressible elastic material such as a rubber. natural or synthetic or a polymer, with direct formation of channels 22, 23, 31 possible during this manufacture.
• the lining 1 is further provided with a longitudinal tongue 4 produced at the same time as the lining 1, during the molding or the extrusion of that -ci, and preferably in one piece with the lining 1 and in the same material as the latter.
• a longitudinal tongue 4 produced at the same time as the lining 1, during the molding or the extrusion of that -ci, and preferably in one piece with the lining 1 and in the same material as the latter.
• molding or extrusion is practiced in a way which allows a lateral face 40 of the tongue 4 to be released, through an empty longitudinal space, into the profiled longitudinal part, of constant cross section, thus molded or extruded. and an opposite face 50 of the lining 1 which thus delimits a groove 5 opening into the external face 32.
• the longitudinal channels 31 can be arranged respectively on either side of the groove 15 just as the tongue 14 can be provided , during molding or extrusion, at least one other longitudinal channel 33 preferably closed, for example of circular cross section as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, or other and in particular oval as it is illustrated in Figure 9 in the case of a variant shape of the tongue and the trim; it is also possible to produce analogous longitudinal channels closed at the junction of the internal and external parts 2, 3 of the lining 1, for example with a circular cross section, as illustrated at 24 in FIG. 8 in the case of another alternative embodiment of the lining.
• the longitudinal tongue 4 is limited by flat longitudinal recesses 41, 42, 43, which, in this embodiment, give the tongue 4 as well as the groove 5 a trapezoidal section whose large base, constituted by the recess 42, is turned towards the interior of the lining 1, that is to say towards the internal part 2 thereof; the small base coincides with a coplanar extension of the face 32 opposite the groove 5, in this example in which the tongue 4 is flush with the zones of this face 32 which are adjacent thereto, respectively on either side of the groove 5.
• the recesses 41, 42, 43 are made in the mass of the lining 1 during molding or extrusion thereof and their ends are spaced apart from each other by a small distance ( e).
• the central recess 42 is separated from the base of the lateral recesses 41, 43, that is to say from their zone furthest from the face 32, by two strips longitudinal material 44, 44 'having a small thickness corresponding to the distance (e) left between the recesses.
• the lateral recesses 41 and 43 stop at a short distance from the external face 32 of the lining so as to leave, at the upper corners of the tongue 4, that is to say in its zone adjacent to this face 32, two longitudinal thin strips 45, 45 '.
• the longitudinal tongue 4 has a cross section smaller than that of the groove 5 and is connected to the rest of the lining 1 only by four thin strips of material 44, 44 ', 45, 45' which connect its face lateral 40 to the face 50 of the groove 5 at the four corners of the trapezoidal section but can be torn easily.
• the connecting strips can be further thinned on the side of the liner and widened towards their base, i.e. side of tab 4.
• the tongue 4 may thus be removed, generally but not exclusively after fixing the lining 1 on the support piece 1 1 and as a function of specific needs observed when installing the pieces 10 and 1 1, ie over the entire length of the joint, ie only over part of it, the removed part being separated from the remaining part by cutting.
• FIGS. 4, 5, 6 Such an embodiment in fact presents several possibilities of use which are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4, 5, 6.
• the seal can be used normally in the state shown in FIG. 1, i.e. without removing the central tab 4.
• the characteristics of the lining 1 comprising the central tongue 4, in particular its dimensions and its degree of compressibility, are therefore determined as a function of the normal conditions of use corresponding to perfect positioning of the parts 10 and 1 1 one by compared to the other with the clearance necessary for the establishment of the seal and obtaining the desired contact pressure for the desired seal.
• auxiliary seal 51 having a cross section such as its thickness or height (h) is greater than the depth (p) of the groove 5, perpendicular to the bottom 21 of the latter and to the external face 32 of the lining, so as to protrude outside the lining, as shown in FIG. 5.
• a profiled auxiliary seal 51 having a cross section such as its thickness or height (h) is greater than the depth (p) of the groove 5, perpendicular to the bottom 21 of the latter and to the external face 32 of the lining, so as to protrude outside the lining, as shown in FIG. 5.
• this additional thickness of the auxiliary seal 51 takes the form of two juxtaposed longitudinal beads, made in one piece of a water-swelling material with a longitudinal base exactly filling the groove 5 and embedding a bar of a non-water-swelling material attached to the bottom 15 of the groove 5 so as to promote swelling of the auxiliary seal in the height direction in the event of water leakage between the lining 1 and the application face 14, according to a technique known in itself, but it is understood that other forms could be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• auxiliary seal 51 may also have a cross section such that its height (h) is less than the depth (p) of the groove 5, perpendicular to the bottom 12 of the groove 5 and to the external face 32 of the lining 1, so as to be set back inside the lining, relative to this external face 32, when it is retained at the bottom of the groove 5, as shown in FIG. 7.
• This arrangement is advantageously accompanied by the choice of a auxiliary seal 51 of the hydro-swelling type, the thickness of which increases in the event of water leakage and thus automatically adapts to the conformation and the relative position of the parts 10 and 11 to create a seal between them.
• the auxiliary seal 51 has a cross section substantially identical to that of the groove 5 so as to fill it completely, its height (h) being uniformly equal to the depth (p ) of the groove 5.
• the lateral recesses 41, 42, 43 are thus eliminated in order to obtain the desired, comparatively reduced, degree of compressibility under normal operating conditions; similarly, the auxiliary seal 51 can be produced without a recess so as to increase the useful section of the lining and, consequently, its rigidity.
• the auxiliary seal 51 can then be made of the same material as the lining 5 while providing this effect, but the seal 51 can also be made of a more rigid material than that which is used for the lining 1.
• the joint thus produced therefore resists compression better and, its deformation being less, it makes it possible to improve the seal by increasing the contact pressure, for example in the zones where one can fear excessive play between the elements.
• a person skilled in the art will readily understand that it is thus possible, starting from a seal according to the invention as illustrated in FIG. 1, that is to say comprising both the lining 1 and the detachable tab 4, to modulate the shape and the dimensions of the cross section of the joint as well as the rigidity of the latter according to specific needs by using it as it is, that is to say with the tab 4, or without tongue 4 or auxiliary seal 51, or without tongue 4 but with auxiliary seal 51, in particular selectively according to different parts of the length of the seal, according to respective needs.
• auxiliary seal 51 when an auxiliary seal 51 is used, its cross section can be chosen so that it corresponds to that of the groove 5, or that its height (h) is greater or less than the depth (p) of this one, by coupling this choice with that of an identical compressibility, higher or lower than that of the lining 1, by choice of the material and / or of the configuration of this auxiliary seal 51, possibly selectively, according to respective needs, in different parts of the length of the seal.
• the nature of the auxiliary seal 51 in particular its hydrofoat nature or not, can also be freely chosen, as a function of that of the lining 1, also freely chosen, to obtain any desired effect by cooperation of the auxiliary seal 51 and of the lining 1.
• the invention is not however limited to the details of the embodiments which have just been described by way of simple example.
• the internal part 2 of the lining 1 and the groove 12 of the prefabricated element 11 in which it is placed could have shapes different from the trapezoidal shape described, as well as the external part 3 of the lining 1.
• the detachable tongue 4 and groove 5 could themselves have a shape different from the trapezoidal shape described, while remaining conjugate. For example, as illustrated in FIG.
• the tongue 4 and the groove 5 could have different respective polygonal cross sections, by arranging recesses of larger section to release the tongue 4.
• the groove 5 could retain the rectangular cross section described with reference to FIG. 9, and the tongue 4 have a T cross section defined by a leg 46 facing the internal part 2 of the lining and connected to the latter by a single tearable strip , central, 48, and by a bar 47 turned away from the internal part 2, flush with the external face 32 of the lining 1 and connected to the latter, in the immediate vicinity of this face 32, by two tearable strips 49, 49 'placed at two opposite angles from the bar 47.
• the profile and the dimensions of the peelable tongue according to the invention which is produced by molding or by extrusion at the same time as the lining, can be adapted to any need and, in particular, instead of being flush with the external face 32 of the lining 1 and as illustrated in phantom in FIG. 2, the tongue 4 could be set back relative to the zones of this external face which are adjacent to the groove 5, or on the contrary projecting from these zones, with a cross-section shape freely chosen at the level of this projection, in which case the description which has just been made would no longer apply to the tongue considered as a whole, but to the part of this tongue inside the groove.
• a detachable tab seal in accordance with any one of the embodiments which have just been described or to variants not described but not departing from the scope of the present invention for ensure complete sealing between a part and one or more adjacent parts, the latter case being for example that of a segment angle, defined by two lateral faces adjacent to another respective segment due to an alternating installation segments, well known to a person skilled in the art, it is also possible to produce a seal combining such seals with detachable tabs and other types of seals, connected end to end.
• a sealing frame can be produced over the entire periphery of the segment, defined by lateral faces of the latter forming angles two by two, using detachable tongue seals over the entire length of the side faces with the exception of a small part of this length, directly adjacent to the angles, and using shaped joints, matching the angles, in areas directly adjacent to the latter, with connection tight mutual of different types of joints, butt.
• FIGS. 1 to 14 illustrate the production of a seal around an angle 16 formed by two lateral faces 13 of the support part 11, for example a precast concrete segment.
• the two lateral faces 13 are connected to each other, at a right angle as illustrated or by defining an angle different from the right angle, along a straight edge 17, transverse to a respective longitudinal direction 6, and each of them has over its entire length, up to the edge 17, the longitudinal groove 12 for receiving a seal 1 with a detachable tongue 4.
• each lateral face 13 receives such a lining 1 only over most of its length, namely over its entire length with the exception of a respective zone 18 directly adjacent to the angle 16 , and for example extending over a distance of the order of ten to about thirty centimeters in the case where the support piece 1 1 is a segment, these figures being given by way of nonlimiting example.
• the packing 1 used in this case can be of any of the types previously described or even be a variant, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 14 where it can be seen that, in this nonlimiting example, the packing 1 has an internal part 2 as described with reference to FIG. 1, that is to say formed by an alternation of longitudinal ribs 21 and longitudinal ribs 12, while its external part 3 is produced in accordance with the figure 10, that is to say comprises a detachable tongue 4 having a cross section in T, housed inside a groove 5 of rectangular cross section, the detachable tongue 4 having a leg 46 connected to the bottom 15 of the groove 5 by an easily tearable strip 48 and a bar 47 flush with the external face 32 of the gasket 1 and connected to the rest of the latter, in the immediate vicinity of this face 32, by two strips 49, 49 'also easily tearable; it is understood, however, that any other design of the lining and of the detachable tongue could be chosen without departing from the scope of the invention.
• each lining 1 is sectioned along a transverse plane by which it is connected in leaktight manner, preferably with mutual joining, for example by vulcanization when the materials concerned lend themselves thereto, to a seal. in shape 8 extending each of them to the edge 17 and following the angle 16.
• the seal 8 has the general shape of a square comprising two rectilinear branches 9, advantageously made in one single piece, connecting at a right angle in the example illustrated or at any angle adapted to the angle 16 and each of which extends longitudinally one, respectively, of the linings 1 on the corresponding zone 18, up to the angle 16.
• the lining 8 is made in a single piece of a material identical or similar to that of the seals 1, and each of its branches 9 has externally a cross section identical to that presented externally by the linings 1, so to best connect to these.
• the seal 8 comprises in each of these branches 9 an internal part 19 in every point identical to the internal part 2 of the linings 1 used, that is to say having, like the latter, an alternation of ribs 25, each of which extends longitudinally of a rib 21 and which connect mutually from one branch 9 to the other, and of grooves 26, each of which extends longitudinally of a respective groove 12 and which also connect from branch 9 to the other.
• the internal part 19 is thus engaged and retained in the groove 12 in the same way as the internal part 2 of the linings 1. If necessary, the internal part 19 of each branch 9 can be fixed for example by gluing inside the corresponding groove 12.
• the lining 8 also has in each of these branches 9 an external part 20 having certain analogies with the external part 3 of a lining 1. Intended to be applied sealingly on the same application face 14 as the seal 1 that it extends, the external part 20 of the seal 8 has at each branch 9 thereof, in the coplanar extension of the external face 32 of the corresponding lining 1 respectively, an external face 33 having a flat conformation when the lining 8 is not stressed.
• the external part 20 internally comprises identical channels 34 and arranged identically to the channels 31 of the external part 3 of the corresponding lining 1, so that each of these channels 34 extends longitudinally a respective channel 31 and that the channels 34 are connected from one branch 9 to the other at the angle 16.
• the external part 20 of the lining 8 has, at each of the branches 9, an internal cavity 35 having a cross section substantially identical to that of the groove 5 of each of the linings 1 so as to extend this groove 5 longitudinally. up to the angle 16 at which the cavities 35 associated with the two branches 9 are connected to each other.
• the cavity 35 is not closed, towards the external face 33, by a detachable tongue but by a waterproof membrane 36, elastically extensible, advantageously made in one piece with the rest of the lining 8 to which it is connected in a sealed manner, respectively on either side of the cavity 35, in the immediate vicinity of the external face 33, so as to delimit the cavity 35 in a sealed manner with the rest of the lining 8.
• the cavity 35 remains open towards the grooves 5 of the linings 1, the tongues 4 of which ensure the tightness of the cavity 35 as long as they are present but of which even partial tearing is sufficient to break the tightness of the cavity 35.
• a water-swelling mass 37 for example made of the material distributed under the registered trademark "HYDROTITE", this mass 37 having a volume less than or at most equal to that of e the cavity 35 when it is isolated from moisture, but being able to have a volume greater than that of the cavity 35, causing swelling of the lining 8 with elastic deformation of the membrane 36, when this hydrogonflating mass 37 receives moisture.
• the membrane 36 can be designed to be easily tearable, pierceable or cutable, in which case the cavity 35 can be completely sealed, that is to say not to communicate with the grooves 5 of the adjacent linings 1. Indeed, in this case, it is by tearing, piercing or cutting the membrane 36 that we can break the seal of the cavity 35 and let the moisture gain the water-swelling mass 37 to cause the aforementioned swelling thereof. ci until sealed contact with the application face 14; it is then no longer necessary, for this purpose, to detach the tongue 4 from one of the adjacent linings 1.
• a shaped lining 8 which have just been described constitute only two nonlimiting examples, it being understood that an effort will be made to adapt the respective conformations of the shaped lining 8 as best as possible. and fittings 1 with detachable tab to which it must be connected.

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• 1996
  • 1996-03-01 AT AT96905897T patent/ATE169372T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-03-01 WO PCT/FR1996/000326 patent/WO1996027073A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-03-01 US US08/913,669 patent/US6129485A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-03-01 DE DE69600492T patent/DE69600492T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-03-01 ES ES96905897T patent/ES2122802T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-03-01 AU AU49474/96A patent/AU714619B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1996-03-01 JP JP52607096A patent/JP3251295B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-03-01 EP EP96905897A patent/EP0811113B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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